Heat Transfer in Single and Multiphase Systems Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series 1st Edition by Greg F Naterer ISBN 036739586X 9780367395865

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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 036739586X

ISBN 13: 9780367395865

Author: Greg F. Naterer

Table of contents: 

1 Introduction
1.1 Vector and Tensor Notations
1.2 Fundamental Concepts and Definitions
1.3 Eulerian and Lagrangian Descriptions
1.4 Properties of a System
1.4.1 Thermodynamic Properties
1.4.2 Kinematic Properties
1.4.3 Transport Properties
1.4.4 Other Properties
1.5 Conduction Heat Transfer
1.6 Convective Heat Transfer
1.7 Radiative Heat Transfer
1.8 Phase Change Heat Transfer
1.9 Conservation of Energy
Problems
2 Conduction Heat Transfer
2.1 Introduction
2.2 One-Dimensional Heat Conduction
2.3 Thermal and Contact Resistances
2.4 Fins and Extended Surfaces
2.5 Multidimensional Heat Conduction
2.6 Graphical Solution Methods
2.7 Analytical Methods
2.8 Transient Heat Conduction
2.9 Combined Transient and Spatial Effects
References
Problems
3 Convective Heat Transfer
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Convection Governing Equations
3.2.1 Mass and Momentum Equations
3.2.1.1 Conservation of Mass
3.2.1.2 Momentum Equations
3.2.2 Mechanical and Internal Energy Equations
3.2.2.1 Mechanical Energy Equation
3.2.2.2 First Law of Thermodynamics (Total Energy)
3.2.2.3 Internal Energy Equation
3.3 Velocity and Thermal Boundary Layers
3.4 Nondimensional Form of Governing Equations
3.5 Heat and Momentum Analogies
3.6 External Forced Convection
3.6.1 External Flow Past Flat Plate
3.6.1.1 Similarity Solutions
3.6.1.2 Discrete Scaling Analysis
3.6.1.3 Integral Solution Method
3.6.1.4 Correlations for Laminar and Turbulent Flow
3.6.2 External Flow Past a Circular Cylinder
3.6.3 External Flow Past Other Configurations
3.6.3.1 Sphere
3.6.3.2 Tube Bundles
3.6.3.2.1 Aligned Tubes
3.6.3.2.2 Staggered Tubes
3.7 Internal Forced Convection
3.7.1 Internal Flow in Pipes
3.7.1.1 Specified (Constant) Wall Heat Flux
3.7.1.2 Constant Surface (Wall) Temperature
3.8 Free Convection
3.8.1 Governing Equations and Correlations
3.8.2 Approximate Analysis of Free Convection
3.8.3 Effects of Geometrical Configuration
3.8.3.1 Spheres
3.8.3.2 Concentric Spheres
3.8.3.3 Tilted Rectangular Enclosures
3.9 Second Law of Thermodynamics
3.9.1 Entropy Transport Equation
3.9.2 Entropy Production Minimization
3.10 Turbulence Modeling
3.10.1 Nature of Turbulence
3.10.2 Turbulence Definitions
3.10.3 Turbulence Spectrum
3.10.4 Modeling of Turbulence
3.10.4.1 Eddy Viscosity (Zero-Equation Model)
3.10.4.2 Mixing Length (Zero-Equation Model)
3.10.4.3 Turbulent Near-Wall Flow (Zero-Equation Model)
3.10.4.4 One-Equation Model (k)
3.10.4.5 Two-Equation Model (k—e)
References
Problems
4 Radiative Heat Transfer
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Fundamental Processes and Equations
4.3 Radiation Exchange between Surfaces
4.4 Thermal Radiation in Enclosures with Diffuse Gray Surfaces
4.5 Solar Energy
4.5.1 Components of Solar Radiation
4.5.2 Solar Angles
4.5.3 Direct, Diffuse, and Reflected Solar Radiation
4.5.3.1 Direct Solar Radiation (Idir,p)
4.5.3.2 Diffuse Component (Idif,p)
4.5.3.3 Reflected Component (lref,P)
4.5.4 Design of Solar Collectors
4.5.4.1 Collector Efficiency Factor
4.5.4.2 Collector Heat Removal Factor
4.5.5 Solar Based Power Generation
References
Problems
5 Phase Change Heat Transfer
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Processes of Phase Change
5.2.1 Fundamental Definitions
5.2.2 Boiling and Condensation
5.2.3 Solidification and Melting
5.2.4 Evaporation and Sublimation
5.3 Mixture and Two-Fluid Formulations
5.3.1 General Scalar Transport Equation
5.3.2 Mass and Momentum Equations
5.3.3 Energy Equation
5.3.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics
5.4 Interface Tracking
5.4.1 Interfacial Mass and Momentum Balances
5.4.2 Interfacial Energy Balance
5.4.3 Entropy and the Second Law
References
Problems
6 Gas (Vapor) – Liquid Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Boiling Heat Transfer
6.2.1 Physical Mechanisms of Pool Boiling
6.2.2 Nucleate Pool Boiling Correlations
6.2.3 Critical and Minimum Heat Flux
6.2.4 Film Pool Boiling
6.2.5 Case Study: Pool Boiling on Inclined Surfaces
6.2.5.1 Nucleate Boiling (Liquid Period)
6.2.5.2 Nucleate Boiling (Vapor Period)
6.2.5.3 Film Boiling Conditions
6.2.6 Boiling with Forced Convection
6.2.6.1 Inside a Vertical Tube
6.2.6.2 Inside a Horizontal Tube
6.2.6.3 Inside Vertical or Horizontal Tubes
6.2.6.4 Outside a Horizontal Tube
6.3 Condensation Heat Transfer
6.3.1 Laminar Film Condensation on Axisymmetric Bodies
6.3.2 Wavy Laminar and Turbulent Condensation
6.3.3 Other Configurations
6.3.3.1 Outside a Single Horizontal Tube
6.3.3.2 Outside Several Horizontal Tubes
6.3.3.3 Outside a Sphere
6.3.4 Condensation with Forced Convection
6.3.4.1 Inside a Vertical Tube
6.3.4.2 Inside a Horizontal Tube
6.3.4.3 Outside a Single Horizontal Tube
6.3.4.4 Outside Tube Bundles
6.3.4.5 Finned Tubes
6.4 Devices with Vapor-Liquid Phase Change
6.4.1 Thermosyphon
6.4.2 Heat Pipe
6.4.2.1 Wicking Limitation
6.4.2.2 Entrainment Limitation
6.4.2.3 Sonic Limitation
6.4.2.4 Boiling Limitation
References
Problems
7 Gas–Solid (Particle) Systems
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Gas–Solid Flows
7.3 Dynamics of Gas–Solid Flows
7.3.1 Gas–Particle Interactions
7.3.2 Particle–/Particle Interactions
7.3.3 Mass and Momentum Transport Processes
7.3.4 Convective Heat Transfer
7.3.5 Radiative Absorption and Emission
7.4 Fluidized Beds
7.4.1 Flow Regimes
7.4.2 Velocity and Pressure in Fluidized Beds
7.4.3 Heat and Mass Transfer in Fluidized Beds
7.5 Gas–Solid Separation
7.6 Spray Drying
References
Problems
8 Liquid–Solid Systems
8.1 Introduction
8.2 One–Dimensional Solidification and Melting
8.2.1 Stefan Problem
8.2.2 Integral Solutions
8.2.3 Phase Change Temperature Range
8.3 Phase Change with Convection
8.3.1 Solidification of Flowing Liquid (Perturbation Solution)
8.3.2 Convective Cooling by Ambient Fluid (Quasi–Stationary Solution)
8.3.3 Constant Heat Flux at the Phase Interface
8.4 Phase Change with Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer
8.5 Problems in Other Geometries
8.5.1 Cylindrical Outward Phase Change
8.5.2 Constant Phase Change Rate
8.5.3 Effects of Superheating or Subcooling
8.5.4 Cylindrical Inward Phase Change
8.5.5 Problems in Spherical Geometries
8.5.5.1 Solidification of a Subcooled Liquid
8.5.5.2 Constant Rate of Phase Change
8.6 Multidimensional Solidification and Melting
8.6.1 Physical Processes and Governing Equations
8.6.1.1 Mass, Momentum, and Energy Equations
8.6.1.2 Species Concentration Equations
8.6.2 Supplementary Relations
8.6.2.1 Interphase Liquid Fraction
8.6.2.2 Momentum Phase Interactions
8.6.3 Solution Methods
8.7 Dynamics of Liquid – Solid Flows
8.7.1 Flow Regimes
8.7.2 Liquid –/Solid Flows in Pipes
8.8 Applications
8.8.1 Materials Processing
8.8.2 Manufacturing Processes
8.8.2.1 Investment Casting
8.8.2.2 Wire Casting
8.8.2.3 Thin Sheet or Foil Casting
8.8.2.4 Continuous, Centrifugal, and Die Casting
8.8.2.5 Welding Processes
8.8.2.6 Growth of Crystals
8.8.3 Energy Storage with Phase Change Materials
8.8.4 Freezing in Pipelines
References
Problems
9 Gas—Liquid—Solid Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Droplet Flows with Phase Change
9.2.1 Overview of Transport Processes
9.2.2 Governing Equations
9.2.2.1 Mass Equation
9.2.2.2 Momentum Equations
9.2.2.3 Energy Equation
9.2.3 Case Study: Atmospheric Icing of Structures
9.2.3.1 Glaze Ice Growth
9.2.3.2 Runback Water and Growth of the Unfrozen Water Layer
9.2.4 Case Study: Melt Particularization
9.3 Gas Flows with Solidification and Melting
9.3.1 Case Study: Free Surfaces with Phase Change
9.3.2 Case Study: Ablation Shields
9.4 Chemically Reacting Systems
9.5 Multiphase By-products of Reacting Flows
9.5.1 Gas-Gas Interactions
9.5.2 Gas-Solid Interactions
9.5.3 Case Study: Blast Furnace
9.5.4 Gas -Liquid Interactions
9.5.5 Case Study: Steel Production
9.5.6 Liquid —Liquid Interactions
References
Problems
10 Heat Exchangers
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Tubular Heat Exchangers
10.3 Cross-Flow and Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
10.4 Effectiveness NTU Method of Analysis
10.5 Condensers and Evaporators
References
Problems
11 Computational Heat Transfer
11.1 Finite Difference Methods
11.1.1 Steady-State Solutions for Heat Conduction
11.1.1.1 Taylor Series Expansions
11.1.1.2 Energy Balances
11.1.2 Transient Solutions
11.1.2.1 Explicit Formulation
11.1.2.2 Implicit Formulation
11.2 Weighted Residual Methods
11.3 Finite Element Method
11.3.1 Fundamental Concepts
11.3.2 Two-Dimensional Elements
11.3.3 Coordinate Systems
11.3.3.1 Linear Triangular Elements
11.3.3.2 Linear Quadrilateral Elements
11.3.4 Element Stiffness Equations
11.3.5 Time-Dependent Problems
11.3.6 Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer
11.4 Hybrid Methods
11.4.1 Control Volume Equations
11.4.2 Integration Point Equations
11.5 Numerical Methods for Other Applications
11.5.1 Phase Change Heat Transfer
11.5.1.1 Source-Based Method
11.5.1.2 Apparent Heat Capacity Method
11.5.2 Computational Modeling of Turbulence
11.5.3 Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Phase Change
11.5.4 Multiphase Flows with Free Surfaces and Phase Change
11.6 Accuracy and Efficiency Improvements
References
Problems
References
Index

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