The Geometry of Desert 1st Edition by Shelly Kagan 0190233729 9780190233723

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ISBN 10: 0190233729

ISBN 13: 9780190233723

Author: Shelly Kagan

People differ in terms of how morally deserving they are. And it is a good thing if people get what they deserve. Accordingly, it is important to work out an adequate theory of moral desert. But while certain aspects of such a theory have been frequently discussed in the philosophical literature, many others have been surprisingly neglected. For example, if it is indeed true that it is morally good for people to get what they deserve, does it always do the same amount of good when someone gets what they deserve? Or does it matter how deserving the person is? If we cannot give someone exactly what they deserve, is it better to give too much-or better to give too little? Does being twice as virtuous make you twice as deserving? And how are we to take into account the thought that what you deserve depends in part on how others are doing? The Geometry of Desert explores a number of these less familiar questions, using graphs to illustrate the various possible answers. The result is a more careful investigation into the nature of moral desert than has ever previously been offered, one that reveals desert to have a hidden complexity that most of us have failed to recognize.

The Geometry of Desert 1st Table of contents:

1. MORAL DESERT

1.1 A Familiar Thought

1.2 Some Familiar Questions

1.3 Skepticism

1.4 Intrinsic Value

1.5 Unfamiliar Questions

PART I: NONCOMPARATIVE DESERT

2. FAULT FORFEITS FIRST

2.1 The Basic View

2.2 Pluralism

2.3 Extending the Account

2.4 Discount Rates and Multipliers

3. DESERT GRAPHS

3.1 Graphs

3.2 Varying Slopes

3.3 Rotation

3.4 Peaks

3.5 Multiple Peaks

3.6 Comparing Sides

3.7 Bell Motion

3.8 The Sym Mountain

3.9 Shift

4. SKYLINES

4.1 The Occupation of the X Axis

4.2 Constant Skylines

4.3 The V Shaped Skyline

4.4 Varieties of Desert

4.5 Taking Stock

PART II: COMPLICATIONS AND ALTERNATIVES

5. OTHER SHAPES

5.1 Plateaus

5.2 Retributivism and Plateaus

5.3 Simple Straight Lines

5.4 Bent Lines

5.5 Curved Desert

5.6 Detailing Curved Desert

5.7 Curved Plateaus

6. PLACING PEAKS

6.1 The Mapping Function

6.2 Curved Mapping Functions

6.3 Revisiting the Sym Mountain

6.4 Revisiting the V Shaped Skyline

6.5 Further Constraints on the Skyline

6.6 The Logical Limits of Bell Motion

6.7 Disaggregation

PART III: COMPARATIVE DESERT

7. THE RATIO VIEW

7.1 The Idea of Comparative Desert

7.2 Problems for the Ratio View

7.3 Optimism

7.4 The Impossibility Defense

7.5 Absolute Zero

8. SIMILAR OFFENSE

8.1 The Y Gap View

8.2 Reconsidering the Cases

8.3 More on the Y Gap Constraint

8.4 Percentages

8.5 A Fourth View

9. GRAPHING COMPARATIVE DESERT

9.1 Relative Advantage

9.2 Two Problems

9.3 Graphing the X Gap View

9.4 Motion Along the Y Axis

9.5 Graphing the Y Gap View

10. VARIATION

10.1 Comparative Bell Motion

10.2 Comparative Skylines

10.3 Moral Significance Again

10.4 Two More Possibilities

10.5 One Size Fits All

10.6 Sliding Up

11. GROUPS

11.1 Two Approaches

11.2 Size

11.3 Another Look

11.4 Adjusting the Graphs

11.5 Variable Steepness Reconsidered

PART IV: DESERT

12. DESERT TAKEN AS A WHOLE

12.1 Partial Values

12.2 Open Questions

12.3 Rough Comparability

12.4 Another Series

12.5 Other Values

13. RESERVATIONS

13.1 Deontology

13.2 Methodology

13.3 Ideology

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Shelly Kagan,Geometry,Desert