Clinical Neuropsychological Foundations of Schizophrenia 1st Edition by Bernice Marcopulos Matthew Kurtz ISBN 1138109932 978-1138109933

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ISBN 10: 1138109932
ISBN 13: 978-1138109933
Author:  Bernice Marcopulos, Matthew Kurtz 

Clinical Neuropsychological Foundations of Schizophrenia is the first practitioner-oriented source of information on the neuropsychology of schizophrenia. This volume demonstrates the growth in what is known about cognition in schizophrenia, its assessment, and how this informs clinical practice.

It provides the practicing clinical neuropsychologist, and other professionals working with persons with schizophrenia, with the knowledge and tools they need to provide competent professional neuropsychological services. It includes an overview of developmental models of schizophrenia and its associated neuropathologies, so that the clinician can fully understand how vulnerability and progression of the disorder influence brain development and functioning, and how cognition and functioning are associated with these changes. In addition, the volume covers contemporary evidence-based assessment and interventions, including cognitive remediation and other cognitive oriented interventions. Throughout, the research findings are synthesized to make them clinically relevant to clinical neuropsychologists working in outpatient or inpatient psychiatric settings.

The book is an invaluable resource for practicing professional neuropsychologists, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and neuropsychiatrists, as well as graduate students of these disciplines, interns, and postdoctoral

Clinical Neuropsychological Foundations of Schizophrenia 1st Table of contents:

1 Cognition in Schizophrenia

Epidemiology/Etiology

Historical Perspectives on Etiology, Treatment and the Importance of Cognition in Schizophrenia

Pattern and Magnitude of Iq and Neurocognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia

Full-Scale IQ

Heterogeneity of Neuropsychological Test Findings

Cognitive Subtypes

Memory-Based Subtypes

Evidence for Neuropsychological Normality in a Subgroup of Schizophrenia?

Clinical Sources of Heterogeneity

Social Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia

Patterns of Neuropsychological Impairment in Different Phases of the Disorder

Neuropsychological Impairment in Children with Schizophrenia and those at Elevated Genetic Risk for the Disease

Intellectual Deficits in Children and Young-Adults Who Go On to Develop Schizophrenia

Neuropsychology of Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Schizophrenia

First-Episode

Older Patients

Studies of Longitudinal Course of Neurocognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia

The Relationship Between Symptoms and Neurocognition

Neurocognitive Deficits and Acute Symptom States

Conclusions

References

Continuing Education Questions

2 Schizophrenia as a Developmental Brain Disorder

Introduction

Clinical and Neurocognitive Evidence of Disordered Brain Development in Schizophenia

Attention and Executive Functions

Neuromotor, Memory and Language Abilities

Developmental Abnormalities Underlying Schizophrenia: Neuroanatomical Alterations

Brain Development, Alterations in Brain Function in Schizophrenia

Neuropathology of the Developmental Brain Alterations

Neurochemical Mechanisms of Disordered Brain Development

Pathogenesis and Timing of the Abnormal Brain Development

The “Early” Developmental Processes

The “Late” Developmental Processes

The Postillness Progressive Changes

Etiology of Developmental Brain Alterations: Genes, Environment, and Interactions

Genetic Factors

Environmental Risk Factors

Toward an Integrative Genetic-Developmental Model

Acknowledgments

References

Continuing Education Questions

3 Neuropsychological Assessment of Persons with Schizophrenia

Introduction

Referral Sources And Questions

Background Information

Behavioral Observations And Clinical Interview

Test Selection

Results, Interpretation, and Summary

Attention

Intellectual Functioning

Academic Skills

Language

Memory

Visuospatial Abilities

Executive Functions

Psychomotor Skills

Social Cognition and Adaptive Functioning

Recommendations

Case Example

References

Continuing Education Questions

4 Neurocognition and Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia

Measurement of Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia

Commonly Used Functional Outcome Measures in Schizophrenia

Performance-Based Measures of Function

Clinician-Rated Measures of Outcome

Relationship of Neurocognition to Performance-Based Measures of Functioning

Neurocognition As a Predictor of Clinician-Rated Outcome in Outpatient Samples

Chronic Samples

First-Episode Samples

Summary

Neurocognitive Predictors of Response to Evidence-Based Psychosocial Interventions

Social Skills Training

Vocational Rehabilitation

Comprehensive Outpatient Rehabilitation

Summary

Social Cognition and Functional Outcome

Discussion and Clinical Recommendations

References

Continuing Education Questions

5 Cultural Issues in Neuropsychological Testing in Persons with Schizophrenia

Hispanics

African Americans

Asian Americans

Implications of Cross-Cultural Findings

Conclusions

References

Continuing Education Questions

6 Developmental Disabilities and Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia and Learning/Intellectual Disability

Prevalence of Schizophrenia in Individuals with Learning/Intellectual Disability

Schizophrenia in the Context of Learning/Intellectual Disabilities

Schizophrenia and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Prevalence of Schizophrenia in Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Comorbid Manifestation of Schizophrenia and ADHD

Neurocognitive Distinctions

Neuroimaging Distinctions

Psychopharmacotherapy

Mechanisms Explaining the Co-Occurrence of Schizophrenia and Developmental Disabilities

A Continuum Model

Risk Factor and Susceptibility

Two Disorders: A Co-Occurrence

Coincidental Occurrence

A New Condition

Neuropsychological Assessment of Persons with Schizophrenia and Developmental Disabilities

Conclusions

References

Continuing Education Questions

7 Neuropsychological Considerations in Older Adults with Schizophrenia

Introduction

Prevalence

Course

Impact of Cognitive Abilities on Late Life Functioning

Assessment and Differential Diagnosis

Assessing Functional Capacity

Assessing Decisional Capacity

Cognitive Remediation

Summary

References

Continuing Education Questions

8 Medical Comorbidity in Schizophrenia

Physical Comorbidity in Major Psychiatric Disorders

Medical Conditions Related to Schizophrenia and/or Antipsychotic Medications

Cardiovascular Disorders

Dyslipidemia

Obesity

Metabolic Syndrome

Glucose/insulin Dysfunction

Comorbid Medical Disorders and Neuropsychological Deficits

Comorbid Medical Conditions and Neuropsychological Function in Non-psychiatric Samples

Comorbid Medical Conditions and Cognition in Schizophrenia Samples

How Do Medical Disorders Impair Cognition in Schizophrenia?

Implications for Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment and Function

Acknowledgments

References

Continuing Education Questions

9 Traumatic Brain Injury and Schizophrenia

Psychosis After Tbi

Definition of Terms

Traumatic Brain Injury

Psychosis

Schizophrenia (Referred to in Text as “Primary Schizophrenia”)

Deficit Syndrome Schizophrenia

Psychotic Disorder Secondary to Traumatic Brain Injury (PD-TBI)

The Concept of Psychotic Disorders Secondary to Tbi (PD-TBI)

Genetics

Clinical/Injury Features

TBI After Psychosis

Manifestations of Psychotic Syndromes after Tbi

Psychotic Syndromes During Post-traumatic Amnesia

Psychotic Syndromes Related to Post-traumatic Epilepsy

Mood-related Psychotic Disorders

Significance of Overlap of Symptoms: Tbi and Schizophrenia

Age

Cognition

Behavioral and Emotional Difficulties

Distinguishing Characteristics

Convergence of Neural Substrates in Tbi and Schizophrenia

Assessment Issues

Verbal Fluency

Trail Making Test (TMT)

Tower of Hanoi

Visual Memory

Social Cognition

Apathy

Summary

Treatment Issues

Conclusion

References

CE Questions

10 Influence of Comorbid Substance Use Disorders on Cognition in Schizophrenia

Epidemiology

Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders

Demographics and Family History

Onset and Course

Consequences of Substance Abuse

Assessment of Substance Use Disorders

Barriers to Accurate Assessment

Denial and Minimization

Fear of Sanctions

Confusion about Substance Abuse Effects

Increased Sensitivity to Substance Effects

Principles of Substance Use Disorder Assessment

Routinely Assess Substance Use in All Clients

Use Multiple Sources of Information

Use Screening Instruments for Substance Abuse

Maintain a High Index of Suspicion

Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorders

Substance Abuse and Cognitive Functioning

Acute Effects of Substance Abuse on Cognitive Functioning

Long-term Effects of Substance Abuse on Cognitive Functioning

Treatment of Co-Occurring Substance Abuse

Integrated Treatment

Comprehensive Assessment and Treatment

Harm-Reduction Philosophy

Long-Term Perspective

Motivation-Based, Stage-Wise Interventions

Adaptations to Integrated Treatment for Clients with Cognitive Impairments

Comprehensive Assessment and Treatment

Multiple Treatment Modalities

 Summary and Conclusions

References

Continuing Education Questions

11 Medication and Cognition in Schizophrenia

Common Medications Prescribed in Schizophrenia

Effects of Antipsychotics on Positive and Negative Symptoms

Effects of Antipsychotics on Cognition

Importance of Targeting Cognition

Support for Cognitive Enhancement with Antipsychotics

Are Second-Generation Antipsychotics Truly Superior?

Effects of Cognitive Enhancing Medications in Schizophrenia

Addressing Polypharmacy

The Issue of Practice Effects

Tracking Change in Clinical Cases

What Does This Mean for Functional Outcome?

Conclusions

References

Continuing Education Questions

12 Neuropsychologically Informed Interventions to Treat Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia

Introduction

Cognitive Remediation

Conceptual Approaches to Cognitive Training

Restorative Approaches

Compensatory Approaches

Environmental Modification

Integrated Models

Specific Approaches to Cognitive Remediation

Computer Assisted Cognitive Remediation

Individual Versus Group Treatment

Behavioral Learning Techniques

Techniques to Promote Generalization of Learning

Techniques to Promote Motivation to Learn

Assessment Approaches in Cognitive Remediation

Efficacy of Cognitive Remediation

Predictors of Positive Response

Summary

References

Continuing Education Questions

13 Criminal Forensic Neuropsychological Evaluations Implications for Schizophrenia

Forensic Neuropsychological Evaluation

Types of Forensic Evaluations

Ethical Considerations for Forensic Neuropsychological Assessment

Persons with Schizophrenia, Cognitive Deficits, and Forensic Evaluation

Forensic Assessment Strategies for Persons with Schizophrenia

Interviewing Considerations

Testing Considerations

Malingering, Poor Effort, and Symptom Exaggeration

Writing the Report

Considerations for Testimony

Conclusions

Forensic Case Examples & Discussions

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