Corporate Political Responsibility 1st Edition by Thomas P Lyon ISBN 1009420836 9781009420839

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ISBN 10: 1009420836 
ISBN 13: 9781009420839
Author: Thomas P Lyon

Behind closed doors, many large companies quietly use their political clout to influence public policy on social and environmental issues – often in a negative direction. This book seeks to create a new norm for responsible political behaviour by corporations. It brings together leading scholars of corporate political responsibility with leading organizations that have been working to support companies in adopting more responsible political practices. The contributors present new evidence on what motivates firms to become more responsible and how markets view corporate ‘dark money’ spending. They also explain how activists have pressed companies to play a more responsible role in politics. With a particular focus on climate change and the important role of corporate lobbying in supporting or blocking climate policy, this volume leads the way forward for researchers, activists and citizens who seek a future in which corporate political influence is transparent, accountable and responsible.

Corporate Political Responsibility 1st Table of contents:

Section I Foundations of Corporate Political Responsibility: Metrics for Disclosure and
1 The Meaning of Corporate Political Responsibility
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Defining Key Terms
1.3 Is Corporate Political Activity Responsible for Government Outcomes?
1.4 The CPR Movement
1.5 The Three Levels of CPR
1.6 Overview of the Rest of the Volume
Section I Foundations of Corporate Political Responsibility: Metrics for Disclosure and Good Governa
Section II Transparency: Causes and Consequences
Section III Accountability: Linking Corporate Social Responsibility, Employee Relations, and Corpora
Section IV Responsibility: Corporate Political Responsibility and Climate
Section V Implementing Corporate Political Responsibility: Opportunities and Challenges
1.7 Conclusions
Appendix A: The CPA-Zicklin Model Code
References
2 Targeting Private Sector Influence in Politics: Corporate Accountability as a Risk and
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Problem: Unbridled, Undisclosed, and Unaccountable Corporate Political Influence
2.3 The Folly of Banking on Legislative Change to Ensure Accountability
2.4 Narrowing the Scope of Possible Influences by Avoiding Intractable and Intransient P
2.5 Codifying the Construct of Accountability
2.6 Maturing the Conception of Corporate Political Accountability as Practices Evolve
2.6.1 Climate Change
2.6.2 The Affordable Care Act
2.6.3 LGBTQ Rights
2.7 Consider How Accountability, in Practice, May Be Increasingly Authentic and Genuine
2.8 Conclusion
Bibliography
3 Measuring Corporate Political Responsibility
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Political Spending
3.3 Lobbying
3.4 Why We Can’t Know Important Things
3.4.1 How Are Expenditures Allocated across Different Issues and Government Entities?
3.4.2 Are Firm Lobbying Activities Aligned with Their Public Statements?
3.4.3 What Else Do We Need to Know, and How Does This Impact Research?
3.5 Conclusion
References
Section II Transparency: Causes and Consequences
4 What Drives Firms to Disclose Their Political Activity?
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Who Are the Advocates of Corporate Political Responsibility?
4.3 Which Firms Get Targeted, and Why?
4.4 Which Firms Are More Transparent?
4.5 Conclusion
References
5 Promise and Peril: Lessons from Shareholder Reactions to Corporate Political Activity
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Why Do Firms Engage in CPA, and Why Do Shareholders Care?
5.3 Disclosure as a Regulatory Tool in CPA
5.4 How to Measure Shareholder Reaction to CPA Disclosure: Event Study Methodology
5.5 Studies of Shareholder Reactions to CPA Disclosure
5.5.1 Study One: Citizens United v. FEC and Changes in Independent Expenditure Regulatio
5.5.2 Study Two: Exposure of Covert Connections to the Republican Governors Association
5.5.3 Study Three: Exposure of Covert Connections to the American Legislative Exchange C
5.5.4 Study Four: A Comparative Perspective on Reforms from Changes to the United Kingdo
5.6 Empirical Takeaways and Implications for Corporate Strategy and Public Policy
5.6.1 Implications for Corporate Strategy and Stakeholder Relations
5.6.2 Implications for Public Policy
5.7 Conclusion
References
Section III Accountability: Linking Corporate Social Responsibility, Employee Relations,
6 Responsible Lobbyists?: Corporate Social Responsibility Commitments and the Quality of
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Conceptualizing CSR and Lobbying Alignment
6.2.1 The Emergence of Corporate Sustainability
6.2.2 Corporate Sustainability and Corporate Political Advocacy
6.2.3 Operationalizing CSR-Lobbying Alignment: Policy Substance and Dialogue
6.3 Data and Methods
6.3.1 Data Collection: Committee Testimony of FTSE 350 Companies
6.3.2 Coding Frame
6.3.3 Analysis
6.4 Corporate Committee Testimony in the UK Parliament: Toward Alignment of CSR-Lobbying
6.4.1 Company Committee Testimony: Aggregate Results
6.4.2 Company Committee Testimony: Business and Environmental Committees Compared
6.5 Discussion and Conclusions
Appendix 1: Coding Frame Outline: Corporate Committee Testimony
References
7 License to Give: The Relationship between Organizational Reputation and Stakeholders
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Background
7.3 Theory and Propositions
7.3.1 Overall Social Reputation
7.3.2 Employee Relations Reputation
7.3.3 Employee Relations Reputation vs. Overall Reputation
7.4 Data and Methods
7.4.1 Sample
7.4.2 Dependent Variable
7.4.3 Independent Variables
7.4.4 Control Variables
7.4.5 Model Specification and Results
7.4.6 Robustness Checks
7.5 Discussion
References
8 Multinational Companies as Responsible Political Actors in Global Business: Challenges
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Emerging Discourse on the Political Role of MNCs: Four Approaches
8.3 Developing a Framework for Political HRM
8.4 The Implications of Globalization and the Political Role of Business for HRM
8.5 The Political Role of HRM and Its Policy Choices
8.5.1 The Political HRM Agenda
8.5.2 The Internal Role of Political HRM
8.5.3 The External Role of Political HRM
8.5.4 HR Outcomes
8.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Section IV Responsibility: Corporate Political Responsibility and Climate
9 Measuring Climate Policy Alignment: A Study of the Standard and Poor’s 100
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Corporate Alignment on Climate Policy
9.2.1 Trade Associations
9.2.2 Ceres’s BICEP Network
9.2.3 Direction of Corporate Engagement and Climate Policy
9.3 Identifying Best Practices: The Blueprint
9.4 The Private RPE Benchmark
9.5 The Public RPE Benchmark
9.5.1 The New Assessment Comprised Fourteen Binary Indicators
9.5.1.1 Assess
9.5.1.2 Systematize
9.5.1.3 Advocate
9.5.1.4 Engage
9.6 Measuring Change and Attributing Causality
9.6.1 Relationship 1: Outputs Drive Awareness
9.6.2 Relationship 2: Awareness Drives Alignment
9.6.3 Relationship 3: Investors Drive Alignment
9.6.4 Relationship 4: Alignment Drives Policy Adoption
9.6.5 Relationship 5: Policy Adoption Drive GHG Emissions Reductions
9.6.6 How Can a Benchmark Drive Change if Most Companies Are Laggards?
9.6.7 How Can Investors Be Further Activated to Drive Corporate Lobbying Alignment?
9.6.8 What Other Stakeholders Should We Be Taking into Consideration?
9.6.9 Which Current Policy Debates Reveal Whether a Company’s Advocacy Is Aligned with
Concluding Thoughts
References
10 From Kyoto to Paris: Business and Climate Change
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Business Policy Divisions
10.3 The Kyoto Protocol (1998)
10.4 Shifts in Business Preferences
10.5 Cap and Trade in Congress (2003–2005)
10.6 The U.S. Climate Action Partnership (2007)
10.7 Business for Innovative Climate and Energy Policy
10.8 The Climate Security Act (2007)
10.9 The American Clean Energy and Security Act (2009)
10.10 Responses to the Defeat of Waxman-Markey
10.11 The Clean Power Plan (2015)
10.12 The Paris Climate Agreement (2015)
10.13 Why So Little Progress?
References
11 Disclosure of Political Responsibility: The Case of Climate Change
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Problem with Lobbying Disclosure
11.3 Attempts to Approximate Firm Lobbying Positions on Specific Issues
11.4 Demand for More Transparency
11.5 Worldwide Initiatives to Improve Lobbying Disclosure
11.5.1 The OECD Framework
11.5.2 EU Regulations
11.5.3 Research Initiatives within Academia and Beyond
11.6 What Better Mandated Disclosure Could Look Like
11.6.1 Provide Information on Firm/Lobbyist Position
11.6.2 Timing of the Disclosure: Provide Information in a Timely Manner
11.6.3 Provide Information on Officials Lobbied
11.6.4 Provide Information on Political Activities beyond Lobbying
11.6.5 Disclosure for Whom?
11.6.6 Should Agencies or Firms Disclose?
11.6.7 Consolidate Information in a Central Repository
11.6.8 Potential Issues Associated with Full Disclosure
11.7 Conclusion
Appendix: Climate Lobby Data Coding
References
Section V Implementing Corporate Political Responsibility: Opportunities and Challenges
12 Practitioner Views of Corporate Political Responsibility: Toward a New Social Contrac
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Launch of the Corporate Political Responsibility Taskforce
12.3 Findings
12.3.1 Motivations and Interest in Discussing CPR
12.4 Motivation and Interest in Improving CPR Overall
12.4.1 Firm-Level Risks
12.4.2 Systems-Level Risks
12.4.3 Moral Imperatives
12.5 Motivation and Interest in Improving the Three Levels of CPR
12.5.1 Motivation and Interest in Transparency
12.5.2 Motivation and Interest in Accountability
12.5.3 Motivation and Interest in Responsibility
12.6 Challenges and Barriers in Improving CPR
12.6.1 Challenges and Barriers to Transparency
12.6.2 Challenges and Barriers to Accountability
12.6.3 Challenges and Barriers to Responsibility
12.7 Conclusions and Possible Pathways for Improving CPR
12.7.1 Consider Starting Internally with Accountability
12.7.2 Sustain External Pressure for Transparency
12.7.3 Strengthen Awareness of Systems, Especially Related to Externalities and Civic In
12.7.4 Reframe CPR Discussions as Part of a Larger Dialogue around Society’s “Social
12.8 Possible Additional Research

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