Colorectal Cancer Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging 1st Edition by Gina Brown ISBN 0521692911 9780521692915

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ISBN 10: 0521692911 
ISBN 13: 9780521692915
Author: Gina Brown

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the developed world. The last five years have seen dramatic improvements in the multidisciplinary management of this malignancy. In this volume, experts at the forefront of these advances contribute their knowledge and experience on the major advances that have occurred in diagnosis, staging, preoperative and adjuvant therapy, surgery and follow-up assessment of patients with this disease. Imaging underpins all aspects of the clinical management of colorectal cancer and has been shown to play a critical role in improving outcomes for patients. About the series Each volume in Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging – A Multidisciplinary Approach is edited by an expert guest editor, with contributions from all members of the multidisciplinary team, bringing together expertise from many specialties to promote the understanding and application of modern imaging in overall patient management.

Colorectal Cancer Contemporary Issues in Cancer Imaging 1stTable of contents:

1 The clinical presentation of colorectal cancer
Introduction
Incidence and mortality
Risk factors
Genetics
Pathogenesis
Symptoms of colorectal cancer
Clinical history
Clinical examination
Referral to the multidisciplinary team process
Screening
Conclusion
References
2 Pathology for the radiologist: pathological insights into colorectal cancer
Introduction
The rectum
Applied anatomy of the rectum
Pathological features of importance to the radiologist
Surgical circumferential resection margin
Distance to the CRM
Distance from the muscularis propria
Peritoneal and extramural vascular invasion
Low rectal cancer
Education
Postchemoradiotherapy changes
The multidisciplinary team meetings
The colon
What lessons for the radiologist in the colon?
Acknowledgments
References
3 Screening for colorectal cancer
Introduction
Which test to use?
Fecal occult blood testing
Endoscopy
Barium enema
CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy)
Cancer prevention or cancer cure?
Test characteristics: sensitivity and specificity
Acceptability
Safety
Availability and cost-effectiveness
Are results generalizable?
Effect on disease-specific mortality
Summary
References
4 The surgical approach to colorectal cancer
Introduction
Historical basis for surgery for colorectal cancer
The embryological basis of surgical technique
Surgical planes: the interaction with radiology
The technique of total mesorectal excision
The important steps in performing a TME
Optimal surgical technique
Laparoscopic surgery
Colon cancer: the next challenge
Conclusion
References
5 Laparoscopic surgery
Introduction
Laparoscopic colectomy: operative technique
Potential advantages of the laparoscopic approach
Gastrointestinal motility
Quality of life
Length of hospital stay
Fast-track surgery/Enhanced recovery programs
Adequacy of excision and lymph node harvest
Long-term outcomes and survival evidence from trials
Patient selection
General risks
Specific intra-operative risks
Principles of cancer surgery
Rectal cancer surgery
The procedure
Right hemicolectomy
Left hemicolectomy and anterior resection
The requirements for a successful anastomosis
Abdominoperineal excision of rectum
Conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery
Port-site recurrences
Summary
References
6 Chemotherapy
Introduction
Chemotherapy for advanced inoperable colorectal cancer
Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected early stage colorectal cancer
Neoadjuvant or preoperative treatment
Conclusions
References
7 Radiotherapy in colorectal cancer
Patterns of failure
Technique
Pre- vs. postoperative radiotherapy
Short-course preoperative radiotherapy
Resectable locally advanced disease
Downstaging
Sphincter preservation and changing operation
Prognostic influence of downstaging
Interval
Tumor Bed Boost
Non-Operative Management
Acute and chronic toxicity
Gastro-Intestinal
Bladder
Reproductive
Sexual
Secondary malignancy
Influence of technique on toxicity
Others
Local excision
Radiotherapy alone
Colon cancer
Hepatic radiotherapy
Radiotherapy for locally recurrent disease
References
8 The changing role of endoluminal ultrasound in rectal cancer
Introduction
Anatomy, equipment, and techniques
Staging accuracy of ERUS
Potential impact of ERUS on early rectal cancer management: beyond TNM
Other techniques for assessing tumor stage: endoscopic evaluation
Other indications for ERUS in rectal cancer
ERUS and apparently benign lesions
Role of ERUS in restaging rectal cancer following neoadjuvant therapy
Early detection of locally recurrent rectal cancer
Conclusion
References
9 CT staging
Abstract
CT in local staging of colorectal cancer
T-staging
Anatomical considerations in staging
N-staging
References
10 MRI staging
Abstract
The role of imaging in surgical planning
Anatomical considerations
The urogenital septum
The pelvic nerve plexuses
The colonic mesentery and peritoneal coverings
Cecum and ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
The mesorectum and peritoneal covering and mesorectal fascia
The normal bowel wall
Tumor morphology and T staging
Annular and semiannular tumors
Polypoidal tumors
Mucinous tumors
Staging colonic and rectal tumors
The extent of local spread
Image interpretation criteria for T staging
Spread beyond the peritoneal membrane
Lymph node spread
Venous spread
The circumferential resection margin in colon and rectal cancer
Rectal cancer
Imaging of the colonic resection margin (RSM)
References
11 Imaging of metastatic disease
Abstract
Introduction
Follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer
Sites and mechanisms of metastatic disease in colorectal cancer
Hematogenous spread
Peritoneal metastases
Lymph node spread
Role of imaging in diagnosis and assessment of liver metastases
Prognostic factors governing outcomes after hepatic resection
Clinical risk score
Extrahepatic disease
Transabdominal ultrasound
Ultrasound with contrast agents
CT detection
Lesion characterization with CT
MRI detection of liver metastases
MRI assessment
PET imaging
References
12 Patterns of recurrence following therapy for rectal cancer
Introduction
The impact of TME on local recurrence rates in rectal cancer
Factors predictive of local recurrence
Classifying patterns of local recurrence
The impact of multimodality therapy on patterns of recurrence
Follow-up after rectal cancer surgery for the detection of recurrence

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