Current Topics in Developmental Biology Vol 75 1st Edition by Gerald Schatten 0080464610 9780121531751

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 0080464610

ISBN 13: 9780121531751

Author: Gerald P. Schatten

Current Topics in Developmental Biology provides a comprehensive survey of the major topics in the field of developmental biology. The volumes are valuable to researchers in animal and plant development, as well as to students and professionals who want an introduction to cellular and molecular mechanisms of development. The series has recently passed its 30-year mark, making it the longest-running forum for contemporary issues in developmental biology.

* Includes many descriptive figures
* Topics covered include neurodegenerative diseases, extracellular matrix proteins, fibrillins and more
* Latest volume in the series that covers seven reviews in 288 pages

Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Dynamics of Assembly and Reorganization of Extracellular Matrix Proteins

I. Introduction

A. Functions of the Extracellular Matrix

B. Dynamic Nature of the ECM

II. Fibrillin Superfamily

III. Fibronectin and Its Role as an Orchestrator for Assembly of Multiple ECM Proteins

IV. Fibronectin Assembly as a Paradigm for the Assembly of ECM Proteins

V. Dynamics of ECM Assembly and Remodeling in Living Cell Systems

A. Dynamic Imaging Approaches Have Provided New Insights into Cell Behavior and Morphogenesis

B. Dynamic Nature of ECM Molecules in Living Cell Culture Systems

C. Time-Lapse Imaging of Fibronectin in Living Osteoblast Cultures Reveals That Cells Can Actively R

D. Dynamic Imaging of Fibronectin Interactions with Other ECM Proteins in Early and Mature Osteoblas

VI. ECM Dynamics in Vertebrate Embryo Systems

VII. Summary and Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2: Selective Neuronal Degeneration in Huntington’s Disease

I. Introduction

A. Introduction to Huntington’s Disease

B. Definition of Neurodegeneration

C. Evidence for Selective Neurodegeneration in HD

D. HD Mouse Models

E. The Huntingtin Protein

II. Excitotoxicity

A. What Is Excitotoxicity?

B. Chemical Models of HD

C. Evidence for Htt polyQ-Length-Dependent NMDAR-Mediated Excitotoxic Cell Death

D. NMDAR Subtype May Contribute to Selectivity of Neuronal Degeneration in HD

E. Changes Upstream and Downstream of NMDAR Activation

F. Summary

III. Mitochondrial Dysfunction

A. The Link Between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and NMDAR

B. Huntingtin Protein and Mitochondria

C. Chemical Lesions Affecting Mitochondria

D. Markers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HD Patients

E. Baseline Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Calcium Handling

F. Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Response to Cellular Stress

G. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Striatal Specificity

IV. The Aggregation Controversy: Are Huntingtin Aggregates Toxic or Neuroprotective?

A. Evidence for Aggregate Toxicity

B. Lack of Correlation Between Distribution of Aggregates and Neuronal Loss

C. Evidence for Neuroprotective Effect of Aggregates

D. Nuclear Translocation of Huntingtin

V. Proteolysis of Htt

A. Evidence for Huntingtin Cleavage by Caspases and Calpains, and Toxicity of Cleavage

B. How Could Huntingtin Proteolysis Cause Pathology?

C. Summary

VI. Mutant Huntingtin Effects on Axonal Transport and Presynaptic Function

VII. Transcriptional Dysregulation

VIII. Conclusions

References

Chapter 3: RNAi Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases

I. RNA Interference

II. Neurodegenerative Disease: Polyglutamine-Repeat Disorders

A. Huntington’s Disease

B. Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type I

C. Reversibility of PolyQ Diseases

III. RNAi Therapy for Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

IV. Current Approaches and Promising Results

V. Potential Pitfalls of RNAi

VI. Moving Therapeutic RNAi to the Clinic

VII. Summary

References

Chapter 4: Fibrillins: From Biogenesis of Microfibrils to Signaling Functions

I. Structure of Fibrillins

II. Fibrillinopathies

III. Fibrillin-Containing Microfibrils

A. Properties of Microfibrils

B. Biogenesis of Microfibrils

IV. Developmental Expression of Fibrillins

A. Fibrillins in Early Avian Development

B. Fibrillins in Mammalian Development

V. Fibrillins and Growth Factors

VI. Mouse Models

VII. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5: Proteasomes from Structure to Function: Perspectives from Archaea

I. Introduction

II. 20S Proteasomes

A. 20S Proteasomes Are Chambered Proteases

B. 20S Proteasome Subunit and Isoform Complexity

III. Proteasome-Associated Regulatory Particles and Other Associated Proteins

A. 19S Regulatory Particle and Related COP9 Signalsome

B. Archaeal Proteasome-Activating Nucleotidases

C. Cdc48 (VCP, VAT, p97) Homologs

D. Other Proteasome-Associated Proteins

IV. Proteasome Assembly

V. Proteasome-Mediated Peptide and Protein Hydrolysis

A. 20S Proteasome-Mediated Peptide Bond Hydrolysis

B. 20S Proteasome-Mediated Polypeptide Degradation

C. Protein Substrate Recognition and Binding

D. Protein Substrate Unfolding

E. 20S Proteasome Channel Gating

F. Protein Substrate Translocation

VI. Regulation of Proteasomal Protein Levels

VII. Posttranscriptional Modification of Proteasomes

VIII. Proteasome Function in Archaeal Cells

IX. Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 6: The Cytomatrix as a Cooperative System of Macromolecular and Water Networks

I. Introduction

A. Is Life Inseparable from Water?

II. The Organized Cytoplasmic Protein Network

A. Historical Development

B. Spatial Organization of the Cytoplasmic Network

C. Origin of the Cytoplasmic Network

D. Fractal Nature of the Cytoplasmic Network

E. Organized Metabolism and the Cytoplasmic Network

F. Organized Metabolism in Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, and Procaryotes

G. Organized Metabolism as a Small-World Network

III. The Cytoplasmic Water Network

A. Liquid Water as an Interconnected H-Bonded Network

B. Structurally Conserved Water

C. Theories of Cooperative Water-Ion-Protein Systems

IV. Conclusions

References

Chapter 7: Intracellular Targeting of Phosphodiesterase-4 Underpins Compartmentalized cAMP Signaling

I. Introduction

A. Compartmentalization of cAMP Signaling

II. PDE Families

A. PDE1 Enzymes

B. PDE2-PDE5 Enzymes

C. PDE6-PDE10 Enzymes

III. Therapeutic Use of PDE4 Inhibitors

IV. The Cellular Roles of PDE4D Implicated from Transgenic Mice

V. Domain Structure of PDE4

VI. PKA Phosphorylation of PDE4

VII. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Phosphorylation of PDE4

VIII. Targeting of PDE4 in Different Cellular Compartments

IX. Conclusions

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