The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex Anatomy Evolution and the Origin of Insight 1st Edition by Richard Passingham, Steven Wise – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0199552916, 9780199552917
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Product details:
ISBN 10: 0199552916
ISBN 13: 9780199552917
Author: Richard E. Passingham, Steven P. Wise
The prefrontal cortex makes up almost a quarter of the human brain, and it expanded dramatically during primate evolution. The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex presents a new theory about its fundamental function. In this important new book, the authors argue that primate-specific parts of the prefrontal cortex evolved to reduce errors in foraging choices, so that particular ancestors of modern humans could overcome periodic food shortages. These developments laid the foundation for working out problems in our imagination, which resulted in the insights that allow humans to avoid errors entirely, at least at times. In the book, the authors detail which parts of the prefrontal cortex evolved exclusively in primates, how its connections explain why the prefrontal cortex alone can perform its function, and why other parts of the brain cannot do what the prefrontal cortex does. Based on an analysis of its evolutionary history, the book uses evidence from lesion, imaging, and cell-recording experiments to argue that the primate prefrontal cortex generates goals from a current behavioural context and that it can do so on the basis of single events. As a result, the prefrontal cortex uses the attentive control of behaviour to augment an older general-purpose learning system, one that evolved very early in the history of animals. This older system learns slowly and cumulatively over many experiences based on reinforcement. The authors argue that a new learning system evolved in primates at a particular time and place in their history, that it did so to decrease the errors inherent in the older learning system, and that severe volatility of food resources provided the driving force for these developments. Written by two leading brain scientists, The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex is an important contribution to our understanding of the evolution and functioning of the human brain.
The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex Anatomy Evolution and the Origin of Insight 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1 Introduction
Introduction
Aims
Definitions and Terminology
Fingerprints
Lesions and Activation
Lesions and Activity
Activity and Activation
Conclusions
Chapter 2 Evolution of the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
Introduction
Strepsirrhine PF Cortex
Ventral Premotor Cortex
Early Primates
Anthropoid PF Cortex
Ancestral and Advanced Anthropoids
Conclusions
Chapter 3 Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Choosing Actions Based on Outcomes
Introduction
Areas
Connections
Decisions, Choices, and Goals
Accumulator Networks
Agranular Cortex in Rodents
Agranular Cortex in Primates
Granular Cortex
Conclusions
Chapter 4 Orbital Prefrontal Cortex: Choosing Objects Based on Outcomes
Introduction
Areas
Connections
Agranular Cortex in Rodents
Agranular Areas in Primates
Granular Cortex
Conclusions
Chapter 5 Caudal Prefrontal Cortex: Searching for Goals
Introduction
Areas
Connections
The FEF as a Prefrontal Area
Oculomotor Delayed Response Task
Attention Based on Learning
Conclusions
Chapter 6 Dorsal Prefrontal Cortex: Generating Goals Based on Recent Events
Introduction
Areas
Connections
Delayed Response Task
The Role of Interference
Temporal Order
Rules
Prospective Coding
Generation of Goals
Planning a Sequence
Conjunctions and the Current Context
Conclusions
Chapter 7 Ventral Prefrontal Cortex: Generating Goals Based on Visual and Auditory Contexts
Introduction
Areas
Connections
Visual and Auditory Conditional Tasks
Visuospatial and Visuomotor Associations
Matching-to-sample Tasks
Categorization
Abstract Rules
Changing Rules
Abstract Strategies
Chapter 8 Prefrontal Cortex as a Whole: Generating Goals from Current Contexts and Events
Introduction
Connections
Hierarchies
Generating Goals Based on Contexts
Generating GOals based on Events
Generating Goals Based on Attentive Control
Fundamental Function of the PF Cortex
Conclusions
Chapter 9 Human Prefrontal Cortex: Generating Goals from Instructions and Imagination
Introduction
The Frontal Lobes in Hominid Evolution
Microstructure and Internal Connections
External Connections
Broca’s area
Polar PF Cortex
Dorsal Paracingulate Cortex
Activations in the Human Brain
Sensory Processing
Generation of Goals
Task Instructions
Monitoring Intentions
Monitoring Outcomes
Associative Learning
Episodic Memory
Reasoning
Moral and Social Rules
Conclusions
Chapter 10 Conclusions
Introduction
Theories Based on Evidence from Monkeys
Theories Based on Evidence from Human Subjects
Our Proposal Assessed Against the Same Criteria
Falsifiability of our Proposal
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Richard Passingham,Steven Wise,Neurobiology,Prefrontal