An Economic History of London 1800 1914 1st Edition by Michael Ball, David Sunderland 0415406404 9780415406406

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ISBN 10: 0415406404

ISBN 13: 9780415406406

Author: Michael Ball, David Sunderland

 
In 1800 London was already the largest city in the world, and over the course of the next century its population grew rapidly, reaching over seven million by 1914. Historians have often depicted London after the Industrial Revolution as an industrial backwater that declined into the mass exploitation of labour through ‘sweating’, dominated by City

An Economic History of London 1800 1914 1st Table of contents:

Part 1: Economics and urban history

1 This city

The economic dimension

The structure of the book

Defining London

2 Economics and London’s history

Introduction

Transport

Scale economies

Agglomeration economies and diseconomies

The costs of urban growth

The significance of path dependency and institutions

Urban infrastructure

London in the British economy

Conclusion

Part 2: London’s economy and people

3 Population and migration

Introduction

Size and growth

Explaining the growth of London’s population

Birth rates

Migration

Emigration

4 Work and industry

Introduction

Using the employment data from the census

Employment

Sexual divisions of labour

The concentration of industries in London

The size of firms

The changing structure of London’s industry

5 Wealth, living standards and poverty

Introduction

Wealth

Middle-class income

The distribution of income and wealth: the national context

Working-class living standards and the cost of living

Wages

Annual earnings

The regularity of pay and employment

Conclusions on the standard of living

London wages and regional convergence

Poverty

Conclusions about poverty

Part 3: The transformation of London

6 Retailing and the new mass market

Introduction

Costermongers and hawkers

Street markets

Milk

Shops

Bread-making

Branded goods

The rise of the multiple

Vertical integration

London’s retail co-operatives

Department stores

The impact of shops

7 Leisure and pleasure

Introduction

Drinking and brewing

Hotels

Eating out

Spectacles: hangings, fairs and pleasure gardens

Theatres, music halls and cinemas

Museum and church attendance

Piano and organ manufacture

Reading, printing and publishing

Conclusion

8 Suburbanisation and housing

Introduction

The spread of the suburbs

Housing development

Part 4: Infrastructure

9 To and from the capital

Introduction

Horse-drawn transport

Boats and ships

Railways

The Port of London

10 Moving around London

Introduction

The pedestrian city

Horses and carriages

The growth of public transport and congestion

Coaches and hackney cabs

Steamboats

Buses

Trains

Trams

The underground

11 Utilities, communications and markets

Introduction

Water

Gas

Electricity supply

Post and telecommunications

Wholesale markets

Part 5: Industrial and commercial change

12 Manufacturing

Introduction

A new sub-contracting system

Some economics of nineteenth-century consumer goods production

Wages

The clothing industries

Silk weaving

Footwear manufacture

Furniture manufacture

Engineering

Industrial and building materials

13 Domestic, clerical and professional services

Introduction

Domestic service

The growth of laundry services

Clerks

Professions

14 Financial services and the City

Introduction

Banking, discounting and the money market

The impact of distance on nineteenth-century financial markets

Stocks and shares

Insurance

Commercial trade

The redevelopment of the City

Part 6: Welfare and government

15 Welfare and social policy

Introduction

Health care

Income support

The causes and relief of poverty

Employment and wages policies

Housing the poor

16 The government of London

Introduction

Some economics of local government

Reform passed by: before 1855

The two-tier system from 1855 to 1889

The London County Council years, 1889–1914

Part 7: An assessment

17 Conclusions

Introduction

A centre of industry

London’s service economy

The standard of living and poverty

Public transport and the utilities

Local government and real estate

Was London too big?

Notes

1 This city

2 Economics and London’s history

3 Population and migration

4 Work and industry

5 Wealth, living standards and poverty

6 Retailing and the new mass market

7 Leisure and pleasure

8 Suburbanisation and housing

9 To and from the capital

10 Moving around London

11 Utilities, communications and markets

12 Manufacturing

13 Domestic, clerical and professional services

14 Financial services and the City

15 Welfare and social policy

16 The government of London

17 Conclusions

Bibliography

Parliamentary Papers

Books and articles

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