Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2nd Edition by Gilson Khang 1315364697 9781315364698

Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2nd Edition by Gilson Khang – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1315364697, 9781315364698

Full download Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2nd Edition after payment

Product details:

ISBN 10: 1315364697

ISBN 13: 9781315364698

Author: Gilson Khang

Millions of patients suffer from end-stage organ failure or tissue loss annually, and the only solution might be organ and/or tissue transplantation. To avoid poor biocompatibility–related problems and donor organ shortage, however, around 20 years ago a new, hybridized method combining cells and biomaterials was introduced as an alternative to whole-organ and tissue transplantation for diseased, failing, or malfunctioning organs—regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This handbook focuses on all aspects of intelligent scaffolds, from basic science to industry to clinical applications. Its 10 parts, illustrated throughout with excellent figures, cover stem cell engineering research, drug delivery systems, nanomaterials and nanodevices, and novel and natural biomaterials. The book can be used by advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students of stem cell and tissue engineering and researchers in macromolecular science, ceramics, metals for biomaterials, nanotechnology, chemistry, biology, and medicine, especially those interested in tissue engineering, stem cell engineering, and regenerative medicine.

Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2nd Table of contents:

PART I INTRODUCTION

1. Biomaterials and Manufacturing Methods for Scaffolds in regenerative Medicine: Update 2015

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

1.2.1 Importance of Scaffold Matrices in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

1.2.2 Bioceramic Scaffolds

1.2.2.1 Calcuim phosphate

1.2.2.2 Tricalcuim phosphate (TCP)

1.2.2.3 Hydroxyapatite

1.2.2.4 Bioglass

1.2.2.5 Demineralized bone particle

1.2.3 Synthetic Polymers

1.2.3.1 Poly(α-hydroxy ester)s

1.2.3.2 Polyanhydride

1.2.3.3 Poly(propylene fumarate)

1.2.3.4 PEO and its derivatives

1.2.3.5 Poly(vinyl alcohol)

1.2.3.6 Oxalate-based polyesters (polyoxalate)

1.2.3.7 Polyphosphazene

1.2.3.8 Biodegradable polyurethane

1.2.3.9 Other synthetic polymers

1.2.4 Natural Polymers

1.2.4.1 Fibrin

1.2.4.2 Collagen

1.2.4.3 Alginate

1.2.4.4 Small intestine submucosa

1.2.4.5 Silk

1.2.4.6 Hyaluronan

1.2.4.7 Chitosan

1.2.4.8 Agarose

1.2.4.9 Acellular dermis

1.2.4.10 Polyhydroxyalkanoates

1.2.4.11 Other natural polymers

1.2.5 Bioactive Molecules Release System for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

1.3 Scaffold Fabrication and Characterization

1.3.1 Fabrication Methods of Scaffolds

1.3.1.1 Electrospinning method

1.3.1.2 PGA nonwoven sheet

1.3.1.3 Porogen leaching methods

1.3.1.4 Gas foaming method

1.3.1.5 Phase separation method

1.3.1.6 Rapid prototyping

1.3.1.7 Injectable gel method

1.3.2 Physicochemical Characterization of Scaffolds

1.3.3 Sterilization Method for Scaffolds

1.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions

PART II CERAMIC AND METAL SCAFFOLDS

2. Biomineralized Matrices as Intelligent Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Bone Tissue: A Mineralized Hierarchical Living Structure

2.1.2 Mineralized Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Repair

2.2 CaP Biomaterials

2.3 CaP-Based Biomaterial-Assisted Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells

2.4 CaP Matrices for Bone Tissue Engineering and Repair

2.5 CaP Mineral-Based Matrices as a Delivery Vehicle for Growth Factors and Genes

2.6 CaP-Assisted Stem Cell Osteogenesis and Bone Tissue Regeneration: Mechanistic Insights

2.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives

3. Bioceramic and Composite Scaffolds in Drug Delivery and Bone Tissue Engineering

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Bioceramics

3.3 Nanotechnology in Bioceramics

3.4 Nanoceramics in Drug Delivery

3.5 Bone Tissue Engineering

3.6 Research Perspective

3.7 Basic Questions in Bone Tissue Engineering

3.8 Conclusions

4. Recent Developments in Materials Innovation in Bone tissue regeneration

4.1 Overview

4.2 Materials’ Innovation

4.2.1 Bioceramics

4.2.2 Glass and Glass Ceramics

4.2.3 Biopolymers and Hydrogels

4.3 Microstructure and Morphology Optimization of Bioceramic-Based Bone Substitutes

4.4 Current Challenges and Future Directions in Bone Substitute Research

4.5 Conclusions

5. Carbonate Apatite Scaffolds for regenerative Medicine

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Fabrication of Carbonate Apatite by Compositional Transformation Based on Dissolution-Precipitation Reaction Using a Precursor

5.3 Cell and Tissue Response to Carbonate Apatite

5.4 Porous Carbonate Apatite

5.5 Conclusions

6. Mg-Based Biodegradable Metals for Scaffolds

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 History of Mg-Based Metals for Scaffolds

6.1.2 Impact Factors on Scaffolds

6.1.2.1 Structure design

6.1.2.2 Surface design

6.2 Mg-Based Biodegradable Metals for Bone Scaffolds

6.2.1 Overview

6.2.2 Compact Mg-Based Biodegradable Metals as Bone Scaffolds

6.2.3 Porous Mg-Based Alloys as Bone Scaffolds

6.2.4 Mg-Based Composite as Bone Scaffolds

6.3 Mg-Based Biodegradable Metals for Blood Vessel Scaffolds/Stents

6.3.1 Overview

6.3.2 Bare Mg-Based Biodegradable Metal Stent

6.3.3 Drug-Eluting Mg-Based Biodegradable Metal Stent

6.4 Concluding Remarks

PART III INTELLIGENT HYDROGELS

7. Functional DNA Building Blocks and their Hydrogel Scaffolds for Biomedical applications

7.1 Overview

7.2 DNA Nanobuilding Blocks

7.3 DNA Hydrogels

7.3.1 Characteristics of DNA Hydrogels

7.4 Functionalized DNA Hydrogels

7.5 Protein-Producing DNA Hydrogels

7.5.1 Artificial Nucleus System Based on DNA Hydrogels

7.6 Conclusions

8. Recent Progress of Intelligent Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering

8.1 Introduction

8.2 History of Hydrogels

8.3 Properties of Hydrogel Scaffolds for Successful Tissue Engineering

8.4 Classification of Hydrogels

8.4.1 Innovative Smart Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering

8.4.1.1 Temperature-sensitive hydrogels in tissue engineering

8.4.1.2 pH-sensitive hydrogels in tissue engineering

8.4.1.3 pH-/temperature-sensitive hydrogels in tissue engineering

8.4.1.4 Biomolecule-sensitive hydrogels and photosensitive hydrogels in tissue engineering

8.4.1.5 Ion-sensitive hydrogels in tissue engineering

8.4.2 Three-Dimensional Bioprinting

8.4.2.1 Three-dimensional bioprinting modus operandi

8.4.2.2 Three-dimensional bioprinting in application

8.4.2.3 Skin cell gun

8.5 Conclusions

9. Polyanionic Hydrogels as Biomaterials for tissue Engineering

9.1 Overview

9.2 Properties of Polyanionic Hydrogels

9.2.1 Electrical Properties

9.2.2 Electromechanical and Mechanoelectrical Properties

9.2.3 Polyanionic Gel as a Matrix for Protein Diffusion

9.2.4 Friction Reduction Effect of Polyanionic Gel

9.2.5 Tough Polyanionic Gel with an Interpenetrating Structure

9.3 Polyanionic Hydrogels for Replacement of Biotissues

9.3.1 Artificial Muscle

9.3.2 Artificial Cartilage

9.4 Polyanionic Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration

9.4.1 Muscle Regeneration

9.4.2 Cartilage Regeneration

9.5 Conclusions

10. Hyaluronic Acid–Based Hydrogel as a Scaffold for Tissue Engineering

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Characteristics of Hyaluronic Acid in Tissue Engineering

10.3 HA Derivatives

10.3.1 Ester Derivatives

10.3.2 Carbodiimide (R1N=C=NR2)

10.3.3 Sulfydrylation (HA-SH)

10.3.4 Sulfation

10.3.5 Acryloyl Chloride

10.4 Fabrication of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels

10.4.1 Hydrogel Formation by Direct Crosslinking Methods

10.4.1.1 Diepoxy crosslinking method

10.4.1.2 Bifunctional amines as crosslinkers

10.4.1.3 Divinyl sulfone

10.4.1.4 In situ HA hydrogels

10.4.1.5 HA-aldehyde hydrogels

10.4.1.6 Michael-type addition reaction method

10.4.1.7 Azaide

10.5 Hyaluronic Acid–Based Hybrid Hydrogels

10.5.1 HA-Collagen/Peptide Hydrogels

10.5.2 HA–Natural Polymer Hydrogels

10.5.3 HA–Synthetic Polymer Hydrogels

10.6 Conclusions and Outlook

11. Biologically Triggered Injectable Hydrogels as Intelligent Scaffolds

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Injectable Hydrogels as a Regenerative Scaffold

11.3 Enzyme-Triggered Hydrogels

11.3.1 HRP-Catalyzed Systems

11.3.2 TGase-Catalyzed Systems

11.3.3 Other Enzyme-Catalyzed Systems

11.4 Conclusions and Outlook

12. Cytocompatible and Reverse-Transformable Polymeric Hydrogel Matrices

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Polymer Hydrogel as an Artificial ECM

12.3 Physically Forming Crosslinkable Hydrogels

12.4 Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels

12.5 Reversible and Spontaneously Forming Hydrogels

12.6 Rheological Properties of PMBV/PVA Hydrogels

12.7 Control of Cell Proliferation through PMBV/PVA Hydrogels

12.8 Differentiation Induction of Stem Cells Encapsulated in the PMBV/PVA Hydrogels

12.9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives

13. “Smart” Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels: Types, Properties, and Applications

13.2.1 Physical-Responsive Hydrogels

13.2.1.1 Temperature-responsive hydrogels

13.2.1.2 Photo-/light-responsive hydrogels

13.2.1.3 Electro- and magnetic-responsive hydrogels

13.2.2 Chemical-Responsive Hydrogels

13.2.2.1 pH-responsive hydrogels

13.2.2.2 Glucose-responsive hydrogels

13.2.3 Biological-/Biochemical-Responsive Hydrogels

13.3 Processing of Hydrogels

13.4 Final Remarks and Future Trends

14. Cell-Encapsulating Polymeric Microgels for Tissue Repair

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Cell-Encapsulating Microgels

14.3 Fabrication Methods of Microgels for Cell Encapsulation

14.3.1 Emulsification

14.3.2 Microfluidics

14.3.3 Lithography

14.3.4 Bioprinting

14.4 Design Considerations of Microgels for Cell Encapsulation

14.4.1 Crosslinking Type

14.4.1.1 Physical crosslinking

14.4.1.2 Chemical crosslinking

14.4.2 Engineering Biophysical Cues

14.4.2.1 Molecular weight and concentrations of polymers

14.4.2.2 Crosslinking degree

14.4.3 Incorporation of Biochemical Cues

14.4.3.1 Cell-binding motif

14.4.3.2 Incorporation of bioactive ligands

14.4.3.3 Cell density

14.4.4 Engineering Biodegradation

14.4.5 Engineering Structures of Microgels

14.5 The Application of Cell-Encapsulating Microgels for Tissue Repair

14.6 Challenges for Clinical Translation

14.7 Summary and Future Perspectives

15. Injection Materials for the Larynx

15.1 Overview

15.2 Anatomy of the Vocal Fold

15.2.1 Neuromuscular Anatomy of the Vocal Fold

15.2.2 Microanatomy of the Vocal Fold

15.3 Pathologic Changes of the Vocal Fold in Glottal Insufficiency

15.4 General Principles of Injection Laryngoplasty for Vocal Fold Paralysis

15.5 General Characteristics of the Materials Currently Available for Vocal Fold Augmentation

15.5.1 Temporary Injection Materials

15.5.1.1 Collagen-based products

15.5.1.2 HA gels

15.5.2 Permanent Injection Materials

15.5.2.1 Autologous fat

15.5.2.2 Calcium hydroxylapatite

15.6 Ideal Materials for Injection Laryngoplasty

15.6.1 Animal Model of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis for Evaluation of Newly Devised Injection Materials

15.6.2 Biosynthetic Degradable Polymers as Carriers for Injection Materials

15.6.3 Biosynthetic Scaffolds for Tissue Augmentation and Delivery of Bioactive Regenerative Agents

15.6.4 Injectable Forms of the ECM

15.7 Summary

16. Bionanocrystals in Tissue Engineering Strategies: Tools for Reinforcement, Nanopatterning, and/or Nanostructuring of Polymeric Scaffolds and Hydrogels

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Potential of PNCs in Tissue Engineering Strategies

16.3 Nanopatterned Surfaces

16.4 Nanostructured Films and Coatings

16.5 Porous Foam and Sponge Scaffolds

16.6 Fibrous Nanocomposities

16.7 Hydrogel Nanocomposites

16.8 Concluding Remarks

PART IV ELECTROSPINNING SCAFFOLDS

17. Porous Scaffolds Using Dual Electrospinning for in situ Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

17.1 Introduction: Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

17.2 Electrospinning

17.2.1 Single-Nozzle Electrospinning

17.2.2 Dual-Nozzle Electrospinning

17.2.3 Coaxial-Nozzle Electrospinning

17.3 Cell Infiltration into Electrospun Scaffolds

17.4 Scaffold (An)isotropy

17.5 Controlling Scaffold Porosity

17.5.1 Increasing Fiber Diameter

17.5.2 Tailoring Collectors

17.5.3 Low-Temperature or Cryogenic Electrospinning

17.5.4 Multimodal Fiber Electrospinning

17.5.5 Selective Removal of a Polymer

17.5.6 Comparison of Techniques to Control Pore Size

17.6 Mechanical Properties and Degradation Rate

17.7 Conclusions

18. Biofunctionalization of Electrospun Fibers for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Electrospinning Process

18.3 Functionalization of Electrospun Fibers

18.3.1 Co-electrospinning

18.3.1.1 Blending

18.3.1.2 Coaxial electrospinning

18.3.1.3 Emulsion-based fibers

18.3.2 Surface Modification

18.3.2.1 Adsorption

18.3.2.2 Covalent functionalization

18.4 Applications

18.4.1 Cell Adhesion

18.4.2 Growth Factors and Gene Delivery Systems

18.4.3 Drug Delivery Applications

18.4.3.1 Antibacterial strategies

18.4.3.2 Anticancer therapy

18.5 Conclusions

19. Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Electrospinning Process

19.2.1 Fundamentals of Electrospinning

19.2.2 General Materials

19.2.3 Functional Materials

19.2.4 Process Parameters

19.3 Advanced Fabrication Methods

19.3.1 Coaxial Electrospinning

19.3.2 Multiple Electrospinning

19.3.3 Control of Fiber Collection

19.3.4 Multiscale Assembly

19.4 Applications for Tissue Engineering

19.4.1 Skin

19.4.2 Blood Vessel

19.4.3 Bone and Cartilage

19.4.4 Muscle

19.4.5 Neural System

19.4.6 Stem Cell

PART V 3D PRINTING FOR SCAFFOLDS

20. 3D Printing of Tissue/Organ Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine

20.1 Overview

20.2 The Modeling of Tissue/Organ Scaffolds

20.3 Material Selection

20.4 Technique Limitations

20.5 Conclusions and Prospects

21. 3D Printing Technology Applied to Tissue Scaffolds

21.1 Introduction

21.2 3D Printing Methods Applied to Scaffolds

21.2.1 Stereolithography

21.2.1.1 Photopolymer scaffold

21.2.1.2 Biopolymer scaffold

21.2.2 Deposition Modeling

21.2.2.1 Fused deposition modeling

21.2.2.2 Organ printing system

21.2.3 Selective Laser Sintering

21.2.4 Inkjet-Based Printing

21.3 Summary

PART VI NANO-/BIOCONVERGENCE TECHNOLOGY FOR SCAFFOLDS

22. Nanomaterial-Assisted Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medical Therapy

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering

22.2.1 Regeneration of Protective Tissues

22.2.2 Regeneration of Mechanosensitive Tissues

22.2.2.1 Bone regeneration

22.2.2.2 Cartilage regeneration

22.2.2.3 Ligament/tendon regeneration

22.2.3 Regeneration of Electroactive Tissues

22.2.3.1 Neuron regeneration

22.2.3.2 Skeletal muscle regeneration

22.2.3.3 Heart regeneration

22.2.4 Regeneration of Shear Stress–Sensitive Tissues

22.3 Potential Risk of Nanomaterials

22.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives

23. Application of Nanodevices in Sensing and Regenerative Medicine

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Fabrication of Nanodevices

23.2.1 Bottom-Up Method

23.2.2 Top-Down Method

23.3 Applications of Nanodevices

23.3.1 Sensing Applications

23.3.2 Regenerative Medicine Applications

23.4 Conclusions

24. Micro-/Nanotech-Based Craniofacial Tissue Engineering

24.1 Overview

24.2 Micro-/Nanotech-Based Craniofacial Tissue Engineering

24.2.1 Selection of Materials

24.2.2 Micro-/Nanotech-Based Scaffolding

24.3 Conclusions

25. Carbon Nanotubes: A Kind of Novel Biomaterials for Scaffolds of Tissue Engineering

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Carbon Nanotubes in Bone Tissue Engineering

25.2.1 F-US-Tube Nanocomposite Scaffolds

25.2.2 Composite Scaffolds Composed of PLGA and MWNTs

25.2.3 Composite Scaffolds Composed of Hydroxyapatite and CNTs

25.2.4 Composite Scaffolds Composed of Chitosan and CNTs

25.2.5 3D Scaffold Surface Coated with CNTs

25.2.6 Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement Composites with MWCNTs

25.2.7 PCL-CNT Nanocomposites

25.2.8 Comparison to Other Nanomaterial in Bone Tissue Engineering

25.3 Nerve Tissue Engineering

25.3.1 PET-MWCNT Composites Scaffold

25.3.2 PLCL-MWCNT Composites Scaffold

25.3.3 SWNT-CS/PVA Scaffold

25.3.4 Silk-CNT Composite Scaffolds

25.3.5 PET-MWCNT Scaffold

25.4 The Others

PART VII ACELLULAR NATURAL MATRICES FOR SCAFFOLDS

26. Bacteriophage Scaffolds for Functional Assembly of Molecules and Nanomaterials

26.1 Overview

26.2 Phage Display

26.3 Phage Platform for Biological Applications

26.3.1 Discovery of Cancer Biomarkers

26.3.2 Molecular Imaging for Diagnostics

26.3.3 Applications to Drug and Gene Delivery

26.3.4 Applications to Tissue Engineering

26.4 Genetic Modification of Phages to Create Inorganic Structures

26.4.1 Synthesis of Functional Nanomaterials via Biomineralization

26.4.2 Self-Assembly of Nanomaterials

26.5 Phage Display with Extended Genetic Codes

26.6 Conclusions

27. Intelligent Scaffold–Mediated Enhancement of the Viability and Functionality of Transplanted Pancreatic Islets to Cure Diabetes Mellitus

27.1 Overview

27.2 Scaffolds Fabricated with ECM Molecules Decellularized from the Pancreas

27.2.1 Methods of Whole-Organ Decellularization

27.2.1.1 Perfusion of chemical agents

27.2.1.2 Perfusion of enzymatic agents

27.2.1.3 Physical methods

27.2.2 Islet Matrix Components and Islet–ECM Interactions

27.2.2.1 ECM composition of the pancreatic islets

27.2.2.2 Islet–ECM interactions

27.2.3 Application of ECM Molecules Decellularized from the Pancreas

27.3 Natural Polymer–Based Scaffolds

27.3.1 Alginate Hydrogel as a Cell-Laden Scaffold

27.3.2 Chitosan-Based Scaffold

27.3.3 Collagen-Based Scaffold

27.4 Synthetic Polymer–Based Scaffold

27.4.1 PEG Scaffold

27.4.2 PVA Scaffold

27.4.3 PLGA Scaffold

27.5 Natural and Synthetic Polymer Composite–Based Scaffold

27.6 Conclusions

28. Extracellular Matrix–Derived Biomaterials: Molecularly Defined Ingredients and Processing Techniques

28.1 Introduction

28.2 Extracellular Matrix

28.2.1 Role of the ECM

28.2.2 ECM Constituents

28.3 Molecularly Defined Biomaterials

28.3.1 Mammalian ECM-Based Materials

28.3.1.1 Collagen

28.3.1.2 Gelatin

28.3.1.3 Elastin

28.3.1.4 Adhesive glycoproteins

28.3.1.5 Keratin

28.3.1.6 Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans

28.3.2 Nonmammalian-Based ECM Materials

28.3.2.1 Silk fibroin

28.3.2.2 Alginate

28.3.2.3 Chitosan

28.3.2.4 Other polysaccharides

28.4 Techniques and Major Tools for Scaffolding

28.4.1 Porous Materials

28.4.2 Hydrogels

28.4.3 Films and Coatings

28.4.4 Meshes: Spinnings, Knittings, and Windings

28.4.5 Computer-Controlled Fabrication

28.4.6 Decellularization

28.4.7 Crosslinking

28.4.8 Sterilization of Biomaterials

28.4.8.1 Chemical-based sterilization

28.4.8.2 Radiation-based sterilization

28.4.8.3 Biomaterial-specific sterilization

28.4.9 Regulatory Affairs

28.5 Summary and Future Perspectives

29. Biological-Derived Biomaterials for Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation

29.1 Introduction

29.2 Stem Cell Engineering

29.3 Biological-Derived Materials

29.3.1 Collagen

29.3.1.1 Immunogenicity and biocompatibility

29.3.1.2 Biodegradability and collagenases

29.3.1.3 Cell interaction

29.3.2 Collagen-Based Biomaterials

29.3.2.1 Types of collagen biomaterials

29.3.2.2 Crosslinking methods and reinforcement with biopolymer combinations

29.3.2.3 Recent applications of collagen biomaterials

29.3.3 Chitosan

29.3.3.1 Structure–property relationship

29.3.3.2 Properties as biomaterials

29.3.3.3 Chitosan 3D scaffolds/sponges

29.3.3.4 Chitosan 2D films/nanofiber membranes

29.3.4 Decellularized Tissue Matrix

29.3.4.1 Whole-organ bioengineering

29.3.4.2 Heart

29.3.4.3 Lung

29.3.4.4 Liver

29.3.4.5 Kidney

29.4 Summary and Future Direction

30. Demineralized Dentin Matrix (DDM) Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Engineering

30.1 History of the Demineralized Dentin Matrix

30.2 Characteristics of Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Repair

30.3 Development of DDM Scaffolds

30.3.1 Demineralized Bone Matrix

30.3.2 Definition of DDM

30.3.3 Structure of Dentin and DDM

30.3.3.1 DDM powder and block

30.3.3.2 Macroporosity and microporosity of DDM

30.3.4 Components

30.3.4.1 Organics

30.3.4.2 Inorganics

30.3.5 Growth Factors in Dentin

30.3.6 Acid Treatments

30.3.7 Biocompatibility of DDM

30.3.8 Osteoinductivity of DDM

30.3.9 Osteoconductivity of DDM

30.3.10 Remodeling of DDM (Resorbability)

30.4 DDM Scaffolds with Recombinant Human BMP-2

30.4.1 Recombinant Human BMP Molecules

30.4.2 Bioassay at 3 Weeks after Implantation in Rats

30.4.3 Acceleration of Bone Induction by BMP-2/DDM Scaffolds

30.4.4 Comparison of AutoBT as an rhBMP-2 Carrier

30.5 Clinical Applications

30.5.1 AutoBT Powder on Upper-Right Second Molar

30.5.2 AutoBT Block on Upper-Right First Premolar

30.5.3 Clinical Studies

30.6 Tooth Banks: Present and Future

31. Biomimetic Scaffold Fabrication for Tissue Engineering

31.1 Introduction

31.2 Biomimetic 2D Substrate Fabrication

31.2.1 Photolithography

31.2.2 Unconventional (Soft) Lithography Photolithography

31.2.3 Replica Molding

31.2.4 Microcontact Printing

31.2.5 Nanoimprinting Lithography

31.2.6 Capillary Force Lithography

31.3 Biomimetic 2D Substrate Modification

31.3.1 Protein Immobilization on 2D Substrates

31.3.2 ECM-Mimicking Peptide Modification on 2D Substrates

31.3.3 Carbohydrate Modification on 2D Substrates

31.4 Biomimetic Surface Modification Methods

31.4.1 Physical 2D Absorption

31.4.2 Covalent 2D Modification

31.5 3D Scaffold Fabrication

31.5.1 3D Bioprinting Scaffolds

31.5.2 Inkjet Bioprinter

31.5.3 Microextrusion Bioprinter

31.5.4 Laser-Assisted Bioprinter

31.5.5 Decellularized Tissue Scaffolds

31.5.5.1 Physical methods for decellularization scaffold fabrication

31.5.5.2 Chemical methods for decellularized scaffold fabrication

31.5.5.3 Enzymatic methods for decellularized scaffold fabrication

31.5.6 Biomimetic Porous Scaffold Fabrication

31.5.7 Biomimetic Fibrous Scaffold Fabrication

31.5.8 Fabrication of Hydrogel Scaffolds

31.5.8.1 Chemical crosslinking of hydrogels

31.5.8.2 Photocrosslinking of hydrogels

31.5.8.3 Enzyme-catalyzed crosslinking of hydrogels

31.6 Biomimetic Modification of 3D Scaffolds

31.6.1 ECM-Based Hydrogels

31.7 Future Direction

31.8 Conclusions

PART VIII SCAFFOLDS FOR TARGET ORGANS

32. Scaffolds for Tracheal Regeneration

32.1 Structure and Function of the Trachea

32.1.1 Basic Anatomy of the Trachea

32.1.2 Mucosal Lining of the Trachea

32.1.3 Biomechanical Properties of the Trachea

32.2 Tissue Engineering for Tracheal Stenosis

32.2.1 Conditions for Tracheal Regeneration

32.2.2 Need for Tissue Engineering and Prerequisites for Tracheal Replacement

32.3 Scaffolds for Tracheal Regeneration

32.3.1 The Biologic Scaffold

32.3.2 The Artificial Scaffold

32.4 Cells

32.4.1 Stem Cells

32.4.2 Differentiated Cells

32.5 Bioreactors

32.6 Summary

33. Bladder Tissue Engineering

33.1 The Urinary Bladder: Function and Structure

33.2 Bladder Reconstruction and Augmentation

33.3 Materials for Bladder Tissue Engineering

33.4 Cell Seeding

33.5 Vascularization

33.6 Stem Cells in Bladder Tissue Engineering

33.7 Animal Studies and Clinical Trials

33.8 Future Perspectives: A Complete Bladder?

34. Scaffold Applications for Vascular Tissue Engineering

34.1 Introduction

34.2 Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds

34.3 Collagen and Other Biopolymer Scaffolds

34.4 Decellularized Tissue Scaffolds

34.5 Cell-Based Vascular Tissue Engineering

34.6 In situ “Cell Free” Vascular Tissue Engineering

34.7 Conclusions

35. Annulus Fibrosus Tissue Engineering: Achievements and Future Development

35.1 Introduction

35.2 Fundamentals of Annulus Fibrosus

35.3 Cells for Annulus Fibrosus Tissue Engineering

35.3.1 Annulus Fibrosus Cells

35.3.2 Chondrocytes

35.3.3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells

35.4 Scaffolds for Annulus Fibrosus Tissue Engineering

35.4.1 Microstructure of Scaffolds

35.4.2 Mechanical Characteristics of Scaffolds

35.5 Growth Stimuli for Annulus Fibrosus Tissue Engineering

35.6 Concluding Remarks

36. Corneal Endothelium Regeneration: Basic Concepts

36.1 Introduction

36.2 Corneal Endothelium

36.2.1 Corneal Endotheliopathies

36.2.2 Transplantation

36.3 Bioengineered Corneal Endothelium

36.3.1 Scaffolds

36.3.2 Cells

36.4 Conclusions

PART IX DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR SCAFFOLDS

37. High-Throughput Screening of Extracellular Matrix–Based Biomaterials

37.1 Basic Principles

37.1.1 The Extracellular Matrix

37.1.1.1 Diversity in ECM molecules

37.1.1.2 Collagen

37.1.2 ECM as a Biomaterial

37.1.2.1 Safety and biocompatibility of biomaterials

37.2 Relation to Materiomics

37.2.1 High-Throughput Analysis Using Arrays of Biomaterials and Arrays for Gene Expression

37.2.1.1 Arrays of biomaterials

37.2.1.2 Comprehensive analysis of in vivo response to biomaterials using high-density gene expression arrays and gene ontology

37.3 Future Perspectives

37.4 Classical Experiment 1: Biomaterial Array

37.5 Classical Experiment 2: Gene Expression Microarrays

38. Effect of Scaffolds with Bone Growth Factors on New Bone Formation

38.1 Introduction

38.2 Bone Lengthening in Preclinical Animal Studies

38.2.1 Calcium Sulfate in Tibial Lengthening

38.2.2 BMP-2-Coated Tricalcium Phosphate/Hydroxyapatite for Femoral Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model

38.2.3 Titanium with Heparin/BMP-2 Complex for Improving Osteoblast Activity

38.2.4 rhBMP2 for Distraction Osteogenesis of Rat Tibias

38.2.5 Cord Blood Stem Cells and rhBMP-2 in Tibial Lengthening

38.3 Growth Factor–/Stem Cell–Mediated Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

38.3.1 Use of Fibrin and Stem Cells for Bone Defect Healing in Rabbits

38.3.2 Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Lyophilized with Escherichia coli–Derived rhBMP-2 for Bone Formation of Middle Ear Cavity in an Animal Model

38.3.3 Discontinuous Release of BMP-2 from Honeycomb-Like Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Healing in Large Bone Defects of Rabbit Ulnas

38.3.4 Use of Bioreactors, Human Fetal Stem Cells, and 3D Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

38.3.5 Solid Freeform Fabrication-Based BMP-2-Releasing PCL/PLGA Scaffolds for in vitro and in vivo Bone Formation

38.3.6 BMP-2-Immobilizing Heparinized-Chitosan Scaffolds for Enhanced Osteoblast Activity

38.4 The Use of Scaffolds with or without Growth Factors and Cells for Clinical Trials

38.4.1 CMC/BioC/BMP-2 Hybrid Hydrogels for Bone Formation in a Rat Tibial Defect Model

39. Drugs as Novel Biomaterials for Scaffolds

39.1 Overview

39.2 Drug Repositioning

39.2.1 Background

39.2.2 Drugs as Biomaterials

39.3 Background and Structure of Fragmin and Protamine

39.3.1 Background of Fragmin and Protamine

39.3.2 F/P Micro-/Nanoparticles as Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

39.4 Implications of Drug Repositioning in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

39.4.1 Use of Nanoparticles for Microencapsulation of Isolated Islets

39.4.2 H/P as Cell Carriers: Cell Aggregation

39.5 Conclusions

PART X FUTURE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SCAFFOLDS

40. Biocompatible Surface Coatings for Silicone-Based Implants

40.1 Overview

40.2 Surface Oxidation of Silicone Implants

40.2.1 Plasma Treatment

40.2.2 UV/Ozone Treatment

40.2.3 Acid/Base Treatment

40.3 Surface Coating with Bio-originated Materials

40.3.1 Hyaluronic Acid

40.3.2 Elastin Peptides

40.3.3 Collagen

40.3.4 Spider Silk Protein

40.4 Surface Coating with Artificial Materials

40.4.1 Fluorine-Based Molecules

40.4.2 Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)

40.4.3 Polyacrylamide

40.4.4 Poly(Acrylic Acid)

40.4.5 Polyethylene Glycol)

40.4.6 Phospholipid-Mimicking Polymers

40.5 Conclusions

41. Synthetic/PLGA Hybrid Scaffold for Tissue Regeneration: Update 2015

41.1 Introduction

41.2 Biomaterials for TERM

41.2.1 Importance of Scaffold Matrices in TERM

41.2.2 Natural Polymers

41.2.3 Synthetic Polymers and Poly(α-Hydroxy Ester)s

41.2.4 Bioceramic Scaffolds

41.3 Hybrid and Composite Scaffold Biomaterials for TERM

41.3.1 Poly(α-Hydroxy Acid) Family Hybrid Scaffolds

41.3.2 Ceramic Hybrid Scaffolds

41.3.3 Natural Polymer Hybrid Scaffolds

41.3.4 Miscellaneous Scaffolds

41.4 PLGA/Natural Hybrid Scaffolds in Our Laboratory

41.5 Conclusions

42. Biomedical Applications of Silk Fibroin

42.1 Overview

42.2 Silk Fibroin Processing

42.2.1 Preparation of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Solution

42.2.2 Preparation of Silk Fibroin Membrane

42.2.3 Preparation of Silk Fibroin Hydrogel and Sponge

42.2.4 Preparation of Silk Fibroin Sponge

42.2.5 Preparation of Electrospun Silk Fibroin

42.3 Tissue Engineering Application of Silk Fibroin–Based Biomaterial

42.3.1 Bone and Cartilage

42.3.2 Skin

42.3.3 Vasculature

42.3.4 Ligament and Tendon

42.3.5 Cornea

42.3.6 Tympanic Membrane

42.3.7 Esophagus

42.4 Conclusions

43. Tissue Fabrication and Regeneration by Cell Sheet Technology

43.1 Overview

43.2 Temperature-Responsive Culture Surface and Cell Sheets

43.2.1 Temperature-Responsive Culture Surface for Detaching Cell Sheets

43.2.2 Further Improvement and Application of Temperature-Responsive Culture Surfaces

43.2.3 Functional Tissue Fabrication Using Cell Sheet Engineering

43.3 Fabrication and Regeneration of 3D Tissues Using Cell Sheet Technology

43.3.1 Myocardial Tissue

43.3.1.1 Autologous cell sheet therapy

43.3.1.2 Beating cardiac tissue fabrication using cardiac cells

43.3.1.3 Fabrication of vascularized thicker tissue using perfusable bioreactor systems

43.3.2 Clinical Studies Using Cell Sheet Technology

43.3.2.1 Cell sheet therapy for corneal limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency

43.3.2.2 Prevention of esophageal strictures after endoscopic submucosal dissection by cell sheets

43.3.2.3 Cell sheet therapy for periodontitis

43.3.2.4 Cell sheet therapy for cartilage regeneration

43.3.3 Other Tissue Regeneration Using Cell Sheet Technology

43.3.3.1 Cell sheet therapy for treating diabetes mellitus

43.3.3.2 Cell sheet therapy for treating hemophilia

43.3.3.3 Hepatocyte tissue engineering using cell sheet technology

43.3.3.4 Fabrication of hormone supplying renal cell sheet

43.3.3.5 Reconstruction of functional endometrium-like tissue using cell sheet technology

43.3.3.6 Thyroid cell sheet for rescuing hypothyroidism

43.3.3.7 Production of tumor-bearing animal models using cancerous cell sheets

43.4 Automation and Mechanization for Fabrication of 3D Tissues

43.4.1 Semiautomatic Living-Cell Isolation System

43.4.2 Automated Cell Culture System

43.4.3 Automated Cell Sheet–Layering System for Fabricating 3D Tissues

43.4.4 Cell Sheet Transportation Technology

43.4.5 3D Tissue Transplantation Device

43.5 Conclusions

44. Stem Cell Engineering Using Bioactive Molecules for Bone-Regenerative Medicine

44.1 Overview

44.2 First-Generation Bioactive Molecules: Proteins

44.2.1 Recombinant Human Growth Factors

44.2.2 ECM

44.3 Bioactive Molecules: Peptides

44.3.1 ECM-Derived Peptides

44.3.1.1 Collagen-derived peptides

44.3.1.2 Osteopontin-derived peptides

44.3.1.3 Bone sialoprotein–derived peptides

44.3.1.4 KRSR-containing peptides

44.3.1.5 RGD-containing peptides

44.3.2 Growth Factor–Derived Peptides

44.3.2.1 BMP-derived peptides

44.3.2.2 FGF-derived peptides

44.4 Bioactive Molecules: Small Molecules

44.4.1 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate

44.4.2 Lysophosphatidic Acid

44.4.3 Melatonin

44.4.4 Purmorphamine

44.4.5 Resveratrol

44.4.6 Prostagladins

44.4.7 Adenosine

44.4.8 Statins

44.5 Conclusions and Outlook

People also search for Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2nd: 

handbook of tissue engineering scaffolds

handbook of tissue engineering scaffolds volume one s

caffolds tissue engineering

 tissue engineering scaffold

Tags:

Gilson Khang,Intelligent,Scaffolds,Engineering