100 Medical Emergencies for Finals 1st Edition by Prasanna Sooriakumaran, Channa Jayasena, Anjla Sharman 1857757475 9781857757477

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ISBN 10: 1857757475

ISBN 13: 9781857757477

Author: Prasanna Sooriakumaran; Channa Jayasena; Anjla Sharman

This volume gives clinical medical students the basics of the major emergency conditions they may come across both in finals and on the wards.

100 Medical Emergencies for Finals 1st Table of contents:

1 Cardiac conditions
Basic life support
The SAFE approach
Check consciousness
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Special circumstances
Further reading

Cardiac arrest: ventricular fibrillation
Praecordial thump
Defibrillation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Further defibrillation
Potentially reversible causes
Drug treatment for refractory VF
Further reading

Cardiac arrest: pulseless electrical activity
Management
Potentially reversible causes
Further reading

Cardiac arrest: asystole
Diagnosis
Management
Prognosis
Further reading

Acute coronary syndrome
Clinical features
Initial assessment of the patient with ‘cardiac’ chest pain
Management of unstable angina/non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI)
Management of full-thickness (Q-wave) MI
Thrombolysis
Choice of thrombolytic agent
Other treatments for MI
Further reading

Narrow complex tachycardia
Clinical features of SVT
Management of SVT
Management of atrial fibrillation
Further reading

Broad complex tachycardia
Clinical features
Management of ventricular tachycardia
Further reading

Bradycardia
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Acute pulmonary oedema
Causes of acute pulmonary oedema
Clinical features
Features of left-sided failure
Features of right-sided failure
Management

Malignant hypertension
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Cardiac tamponade
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Further reading

2 Respiratory conditions
Acute asthma
Clinical features
Management
Moderate exacerbation in adults
Severe exacerbation in adults
Life-threatening exacerbation in adults
Hospital care
Children
Further reading

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Causes of exacerbation of COPD
Clinical features
Management
Management of CO2 retention
Further reading

Pneumothorax
Aetiology of pneumothorax
Clinical features
Management
Management of suspected tension pneumothorax
Technique for aspiration of a pneumothorax
Further reading

3 Neurology
Coma/reduced consciousness
Glasgow Coma Scale
Aetiology of coma/reduced consciousness
Management

Raised intracranial pressure
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management

Meningitis
Causes of meningitis
Bacterial meningitis
Other causes of meningitis
Clinical features
Management of bacterial meningitis
Further reading

Stroke
Aetiology
Clinical features
Acute management of stroke
Further reading

Cerebral haemorrhage
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Intracerebral haemorrhage
Subdural haemorrhage
Acute management of cerebral haemorrhage
Further reading

Status epilepticus
Clinical features
Causes of seizures
Initial management of any seizure
Further management of a seizure
Further reading

4 Renal conditions
Acute renal failure
Causes of ARF
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Pre-renal failure
Pulmonary oedema
Hyperkalaemia
Indications for acute haemodialysis
Further reading

Hyperkalaemia
Causes of hyperkalaemia
Management
Further reading

Rhabdomyolysis
Causes of rhabdomyolysis
Diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis
Management

5 Endocrine conditions
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Precipitating factors
Clinical features
Evidence of dehydration
Evidence of acidosis
Evidence of precipitants of DKA
Management
Further reading

Hyper-osmolar non-ketotic acidosis
Diagnostic features
Precipitating factors
Clinical features
Management
Further management
Further reading

Hypoglycaemia
Causes of hypoglycaemia
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Phaeochromocytoma
Clinical features
Precipitants of phaeochromocytoma crisis
Principles of management
Management pathway

Addisonian crisis
Aetiology of Addison’s disease
Precipitants of Addisonian crisis
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

6 Haematology/oncology
Deep vein thrombosis
Predisposing factors
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Pulmonary embolism
Clinical features
Management
Establishing the diagnosis of PE
Massive PE
Recurrent PE
Further reading

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
Aetiology
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Management
Further reading

Neutropenic sepsis
Aetiology of neutropenia
Aetiology of neutropenic sepsis
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Sickle-cell crisis
Trigger factors
Vaso-occlusive crisis
Sickle chest crisis
Sequestration crisis
Aplastic crisis
Management
Further reading

Acute transfusion reaction
Classification of acute transfusion reactions
Clinical features
Management
Severe allergic reaction
ABO incompatibility
Infusion of a bacterially contaminated unit
Transfusion-associated lung injury (TRALI)
Further reading

Superior vena caval obstruction
Causes
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

7 Abdominal conditions
Appendicitis
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Further reading

Acute pancreatitis
Aetiology
Clinical features
Assessment
Investigations
Management
Further reading

Ascending cholangitis
Further reading

Acute peritonitis
Causes
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Further reading

Liver failure
Aetiology
Acute liver failure
Liver failure associated with chronic liver disease
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Large bowel obstruction
Further reading

Small bowel obstruction
Further reading

Mesenteric ischaemia and infarction
Further reading

Strangulated hernia
Further reading

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Management of oesophageal varices
Further reading

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Management
Investigation
Angiodysplasia
Diverticular disease
Haemorrhoids
Further reading

8 Urology
Testicular torsion
Further reading

Ureteric colic
Further reading

Acute retention of urine
Aetiology
Local causes
General causes
Further reading

Acute pyelonephritis
Further reading

Priapism
Further reading

9 Vascular conditions
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Further reading

Aortic dissection
Predisposing factors
Clinical features
Management

Acute limb ischaemia
Clinical features
Further reading

10 Orthopaedics
Fractures
Further reading

Spinal injuries
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Cauda equina syndrome
Further reading

Compartment syndrome
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Acutely inflamed joint
Further reading

11 Trauma
Trauma: general principles
Primary survey
Secondary survey
Medical history
Further reading

Trauma: airway
Further reading

Trauma: breathing
Thoracic injuries
Further reading

Trauma: circulation
Management
Further reading

Head injury
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
Pathophysiology
Management
Indications for a CT scan
Indications for hospital admission
Further reading

Drowning and hypothermia
Drowning
Aetiology
Management
Prognosis

Hypothermia
Risk factors
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Rewarming
Cardiac arrest
Further reading

12 Plastic surgery/dermatology
Burns
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Wounds
Further reading

Erythroderma
Clinical features
Aetiology
Complications
Management
Prognosis
Further reading

Stevens–Johnson’s syndrome
Classification
Aetiology
Clinical features
Complications
Management
Prognosis
Further reading

13 Ophthalmology/otorhinolaryngology
Red eye
Differential diagnosis
Practical approach
Haemorrhage
Conjunctivitis
Corneal disease
Iridocyclitis
Acute glaucoma
Optic neuritis
Further reading

Sudden loss of vision
Aetiology
Central retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal vein occlusion
Retinal detachment
Vitreous haemorrhage
Ischaemic optic neuropathy
Age-related macular degeneration
Further reading

Maxillofacial trauma
Examination
Radiology
Management of the airway
Management of facial injuries
Further reading

Epistaxis
Anatomy
Aetiology
Management
Further reading

14 Paediatrics
Stridor
Differential diagnosis
History
Examination
Investigations
Management
Croup
Epiglottitis
Further reading

Febrile convulsions
Aetiology
History
Examination
Investigations
Management
Prognosis
Further reading

Pyloric stenosis
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Further reading

Non-accidental injury
History
Examination
Patterns of injury
Bruises
Burns
Scars
Fractures
Shaking
Other patterns of injury
Diagnostic indicators
Management
Further reading

Paediatric trauma and resuscitation
Causes of cardiorespiratory arrest
Differences between children and adults
Basic life support
Advanced life support
Paediatric trauma
Further reading

15 Obstetrics/gynaecology
Ectopic pregnancy
Predisposing factors
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Further reading

Placenta praevia
Risk factors
Clinical features
Assessment
Management of minor haemorrhage
Management of an active, significant bleed
Complications
Further reading

Placental abruption
Associated factors
Clinical features
Assessment
Management
Complications
Further reading

Pre-eclampsia
Definitions
Aetiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Eclampsia
Further reading

Cord prolapse
Risk factors
Diagnosis
Management
Prognosis
Further reading

Shoulder dystocia
Management
Complications
Further reading

Postpartum haemorrhage
Definitions
Causes
Prevention
Management
Primary postpartum haemorrhage (in shocked patient)
Secondary postpartum haemorrhage
Further reading

16 Psychiatry
Delirium
Causes
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Acute psychosis
Causes
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Deliberate self-harm and suicide
Risk factors
Assessment
Management
Further reading

17 Poisoning
General principles
Toxidromes
Investigations
Management
Further reading

Specific poisonings
Paracetamol
Salicylates
Opioids
Tricyclic antidepressants
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Benzodiazepines
Cocaine
Amphetamines and ecstasy
Organophosphates
Carbon monoxide
Cyanide
Iron
Lithium
Methanol and ethylene glycol
Further reading

18 Environmental injuries
Heatstroke
Risk factors
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Lightning injury
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

High-altitude illness
Acute mountain sickness
High-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE)
High-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE)
Further reading

19 Infectious diseases
Sepsis and septic shock
Aetiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Meningitis
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Encephalitis
Aetiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Further reading

Endocarditis
Risk factors
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Pneumonia
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
Aspiration pneumonia
Management
Further reading

Tuberculosis
Aetiology
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Management
Further reading

Gastroenteritis
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

HIV/AIDS
Clinical features
Management
Opportunistic infections
Further reading

20 Neurology
Status epilepticus
Aetiology
Management
Further reading

Acute stroke
Types of stroke
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Aetiology
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Management
Further reading

Guillain-Barré syndrome
Aetiology
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Management
Further reading

Myasthenia gravis
Aetiology
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Management
Further reading

Tetanus
Clinical features
Management
Prevention
Further reading

Botulism
Aetiology
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Management
Further reading

21 Metabolic and electrolyte disorders
Hyponatraemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Hypernatraemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Hypokalaemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Hyperkalaemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Hypocalcaemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Hypercalcaemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Hypophosphataemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Hyperphosphataemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Hypomagnesaemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Hypermagnesaemia
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

22 Rheumatology
Acute monoarthritis
Aetiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Management
Further reading

Gout
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Pseudogout
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

23 Critical care
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Septic shock
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Cardiogenic shock
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Neurogenic shock
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

Anaphylactic shock
Aetiology
Clinical features
Management
Further reading

24 Procedures and practical skills
Airway management
Endotracheal intubation
Cricothyroidotomy
Further reading

Central venous catheterisation
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Further reading

Arterial line insertion
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Further reading

Lumbar puncture
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Further reading

Thoracocentesis
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Further reading

Pericardiocentesis
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Further reading

Paracentesis
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Further reading

Chest drain insertion
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Further reading

Joint aspiration
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Further reading

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Tags: Prasanna Sooriakumaran, Channa Jayasena, Anjla Sharman, Medical