Becoming a Critical Thinker A Master Student Text 6th Edition by Vincent Ryan Ruggiero 0618969608 9780618969609

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ISBN 10: 0618969608 

ISBN 13: 9780618969609

Author: Vincent Ryan Ruggiero

Success Depends On The Ability To Think Critically. Training And Practice Turn This Ability Into A Powerful Skill. Becoming A Critical Thinker Gives Students The Opportunity To Develop This Skill In A Classroom Environment While Stressing Its Application To Daily Life. Students Learn To Solve Everyday Problems, Maintain Successful Relationships, Make Career Choices, And Interpret The Messages Of Advertising In A Variety Of Media. Exercises Throughout The Text Encourage Them To Practice What They Read And To Apply It To Their Own Lives. Becoming A Critical Thinker Breaks Up Critical Thinking Into A Series Of Cumulative Activities, A Unique Approach That Has Made This Text A Staple Of Many Critical Thinking Courses.

Becoming a Critical Thinker A Master Student Text 6th Table of contents:

1 Strategies for Effective Learning
Planning your days
Dealing with frustration
good thinking! THE STORY OF FRANK AND LILLIAN GILBRETH
good thinking! THE STORY OF ART FRY
Handling unpleasant or complex tasks
Taking charge of your mind
Studying efficiently
Understanding what you read
Keeping a journal
Building good habits
QUIZ

2 Fundamentals of Thinking
What is intelligence?
What is thinking?
good thinking! THE STORY OF ALBERT EINSTEIN
Key principles of thinking
Truth is discovered, not created
A statement can’t be both true and false at the same time and in the same way
good thinking! THE STORY OF ELIZABETH LOFTUS
All people make mistakes, even experts
Ideas can be examined without being embraced
Feeling is no substitute for thinking
Identifying facts and opinions
Checking facts and testing opinions
Consult everyday experience
Consider the opinion’s likely consequences
Consider the implications
Think of exceptions
Think of counterexamples
Reverse the opinion
Look for relevant research
Evaluating evidence
good thinking! THE STORY OF FAYE ABDELLAH
Dare to change your mind
A comprehensive thinking strategy
Step 1: Identify facts and opinions
Step 2: Check the facts and test the opinion(s)
Step 3: Evaluate the evidence
Step 4: Make your judgment
QUIZ

3 Persuasive Communication
What is persuasion?
Opportunities in the classroom
Opportunities in the workplace
Opportunities in the community
Opportunities in relationships
How is persuasion achieved?
Respect your audience
Understand your audience’s viewpoint(s)
Begin on a point of agreement
Acknowledge unpleasant facts and make appropriate concessions
good thinking! THE STORY OF DALE CARNEGIE
Apply the Golden Rule
Keep your expectations modest
Strategy for persuasive writing
Step 1: State what you think about the issue and why you think it
Step 2: Consider how those who disagree might react to your view
Step 3: Arrange your ideas and write a draft of your presentation
Step 4: Check your draft for matters of style
Step 5: Check your draft for grammar, usage, punctuation, and spelling
good thinking! THE STORY OF GEORGE ORWELL
Overcoming errors in grammar
Make your subjects and predicates agree
Choose correct pronoun case
Avoid sentence fragments
Avoid mixed constructions
Make pronoun references clear and accurate
Distinguish adverbs from adjectives
Choose proper comparatives and superlatives
Overcoming errors in usage
Strategy for persuasive speaking
Step 4: Create note cards
Step 5: Rehearse using a tape recorder or a camcorder
Strategy for group discussion
QUIZ

4 Becoming an Individual
What is individuality?
Acknowledging influences
good thinking! THE STORY OF VIKTOR FRANKL
Understanding attitudes
Four empowering attitudes
Attitude 1: There’s always room for improvement
Attitude 2: Criticism, including self-criticism, has value
Attitude 3: Effort is the key to success
Attitude 4: Other people are as important as I am
Recognizing manipulation
Biased reporting
Dishonest appeals to emotion
Stacking the deck
Suppressing dissent
Repetition
Resisting manipulation
Step 1: Be prepared
Step 2: Ask questions
good thinking! THE STORY OF NELLIE BLY
Step 3: Be imaginative
Step 4: Check sources
Habits for individuality
Be wary of first impressions
good thinking! THE STORY OF STEPHANIE KWOLEK
Be honest with yourself
Fight confusion
Produce many ideas
Acknowledge complexity
Look for connections among subjects
Consider other viewpoints
Base your judgments on evidence
QUIZ

5 Evaluating Arguments
What is an argument?
good thinking! THE STORY OF MELVIL DEWEY
Conducting library research
good thinking! THE STORY OF LARRY PAGE AND SERGEY BRIN
Conducting Internet research
Use a search engine
Develop a resource list
Conducting an interview
Avoiding plagiarism
Three steps to avoid plagiarism
How to correctly quote and paraphrase
Revisiting evidence
Anecdotes and cases-in-point
Published reports
Eyewitness testimony
good thinking! THE STORY OF DOROTHEA DIX
Expert testimony
Experiments
Statistical studies
Surveys
Research reviews
Evaluating complex arguments
Step 1: Identify facts and opinions
Step 2: Check the facts and test the opinions
Step 3: Conduct research
Step 4: Evaluate the evidence
Step 5: Make your judgment
A caution about bias
QUIZ

6 Recognizing Errors in Thinking
Three kinds of errors
Errors of perception
“Mine is better” thinking
Selective perception
Gullibility and skepticism
good thinking! THE STORY OF PAUL VITZ
Preconceptions
Pretending to know
Either/or thinking
Errors of judgment
Double standard
Irrelevant criterion
Overgeneralizing or stereotyping
good thinking! THE STORY OF MARTIN SELIGMAN
Hasty conclusion
Unwarranted assumption
Failure to make a distinction
Oversimplification
Errors of reaction
Explaining away
Shifting the burden of proof
Attacking the person
Straw man
Errors can multiply
QUIZ

7 Applying Your Thinking Skills
Thinking critically about everyday problems
Step 1: Be alert for problems
Step 2: Express the problem
Step 3: List possible solutions
Step 4: Select and refine your best solution
Thinking critically about relationships
good thinking! THE STORY OF OPRAH WINFREY
Guidelines for successful relationships
Thinking critically about careers
A sensible approach
Thinking critically about ethical judgments
A better basis for judgment
good thinking! THE STORY OF CHIARA LUBICH
Applying the criteria
A sample case
Thinking critically about commercials
Bandwagon
Glittering generality
Empty comparison
Meaningless slogan
Testimonial
Transfer
Stacking the deck
Misleading statement
Thinking critically about print advertising
Thinking critically about the Internet
Whose site is this?
What function does the site serve?
Which statements are fact and which are opinion?
Where can statements of fact be confirmed?
How widely shared is this opinion? What do authorities on the subject think of it?
Is the reasoning behind the opinion logical?
Does the evidence support the opinion?
Thinking critically about television programming
Thinking critically about movies
Characters
Setting
Plot
Theme
Thinking critically about music
Thinking critically about magazines
Thinking critically about newspapers
QUIZ

Epilogue: Make the end a beginning

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Tags: Vincent Ryan Ruggiero, Becoming, Critical, Master