Biotechnological Applications of Microalgae Biodiesel and Value Added Products 1st Edition by Faizal Bux ISBN 1466515309 9781466515307

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ISBN 10: 1466515309 
ISBN 13: 9781466515307
Author: Faizal Bux

Microalgae are an invaluable biomass source with potential uses that could lead to environmental and economic benefits for society. Biotechnological Applications of Microalgae: Biodiesel and Value Added Products presents the latest developments and recent research trends with a focus on potential biotechnologically related uses of microalgae. It gi

Biotechnological Applications of Microalgae Biodiesel and Value Added Products 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction
1.1 General Overview
Acknowledgments
Reference
2 The Biology of Microalgae
2.1 Taxonomy
2.1.1 General Characteristics
2.2 Morphological Identification
2.3 Molecular Identification
2.4 Habitats
2.4.1 Freshwater
2.4.2 Marine
Reference
3 Strain Selection for Biodiesel Production
3.1 Bioprospecting
3.2 Isolation and Characterization of Naturally Occurring Algae
3.3 Isolation Techniques
3.3.1 Media Configuration
3.3.2 Traditional Methods
3.3.3 Advanced Methods
3.4 Screening Criteria and Methods
3.5 Screening and Selection for Lipid Production
3.6 Preservation
3.6.1 Transfer Techniques
3.6.2 Maintenance Conditions
3.6.3 Cryopreservation
3.7 Role of Repositories
3.8 Concluding Remarks
Reference
4 Enumeration of Microalgal Cells
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sampling and Culturing Microalgae
4.3 Microalgal Preservation
4.4 Enumeration Methods
4.4.1 Spectrophotometric Analysis
4.4.2 Gravimetric Analysis
4.4.3 Counting Chambers
4.4.4 Flow Cytometry
4.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Reference
5 Microalgal Cultivation Reactor Systems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Growth Requirements and Design Parameters
5.2.1 Light
5.2.2 Temperature
5.2.3 Nutrient Provision
5.2.4 Mixing
5.3 Cultivation Systems
5.3.1 Open Systems
5.3.1.1 Natural Waters
5.3.1.2 Circular Ponds
5.3.1.3 Raceway Ponds
5.3.2 Closed Systems
5.3.2.1 Tubular Reactors
5.3.2.2 Flat-Plate Reactors
5.3.3 Alternative Designs
5.3.3.1 Stirred Tank Fermenter
5.3.3.2 Wave/Oscillatory Flow Reactors
5.3.3.3 Hybrid Production Systems
5.4 Comparison of Reactor Types
5.4.1 The Open versus Closed System Debate
5.5 Conclusion
Reference
6 Harvesting of Microalgal Biomass
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Harvesting Processes
6.3 Gravity Sedimentation
6.4 Centrifugation
6.5 Filtration
6.6 Flotation
6.7 Flocculation
6.8 Electrolytic Coagulation
6.9 Energy Efficiencies of Harvesting Processes
6.10 Conclusion
Reference
7 Lipid Identification and Extraction Techniques
7.1 Lipid Quantification
7.2 Lipid Profiles
7.2.1 Identification of Algae Lipid Profiles
7.2.2 Suitability of Algae Lipid for Biodiesel Production
7.3 Oil Extraction
7.3.1 Mechanical Extraction
7.3.1.1 Oil Expeller
7.3.2 Chemical Extraction
7.3.2.1 Solvent Extraction
7.3.2.2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
7.4 Conclusion
Reference
8 Synthesis of Biodiesel/ Bio-Oil from Microalgae
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Esterification/Transesterification
8.3 Thermochemical
8.4 World Scenario on Production and Application of Biodiesel
8.5 Biofuel/Biodiesel from Microalgal Oil as a Potential Alternative to Other Fuels
8.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Reference
9 Analysis of Microalgal Biorefineries for Bioenergy from an Environmental and Economic Perspective Focus on Algal Biodiesel
9.1 Microalgae for Bioenergy
9.2 Analytical Tools for Assessing Environmental Sustainability
9.3 Environmental Sustainability of Microalgal Processes
9.3.1 Overview of Environmental Assessment of Algal Biodiesel
9.3.2 Algal Bioreactors
9.3.3 Nutrient Provision for Microalgal Culture
9.3.4 Biomass Recovery
9.3.5 Biomass Drying and Conversion
9.3.6 Impact of Species Selection
9.3.7 The Biorefinery
9.4 Economic Considerations of Microalgal Production
9.4.1 Cost of Algal Biomass and Algal Oil
9.4.2 Key Process Components Contributing to Cost
9.4.3 Potential Earnings from By-Products
9.5 Key Focal Areas for Improving Environmental and Economic Sustainability
Reference
10 Value-Added Products from Microalgae
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Commercially Exploited Microalgae, Products, and Applications
10.2.1 Carotenoids
10.2.1.1 Commercial Applications
10.2.1.2 Production Processes
10.2.1.3 Foresight
10.2.2 Phycobiliproteins
10.2.2.1 Commercial Applications of Phycobiliproteins
10.2.2.2 Production Process
10.2.2.3 Future Potential
10.2.3 Lipids
10.2.3.1 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
10.2.3.2 DHA Production Process
10.2.3.3 EPA Production Process
10.2.4 Other Potential Applications of Algal Biomass
10.2.4.1 Cosmetic Extracts
10.2.4.2 Stable Isotope Biochemicals
10.2.4.3 Human Nutrition
10.2.4.4 Biofertilizers
10.2.4.5 Bioremediation/Phycoremediation
10.3 Conclusion
Reference
11 Algae-Mediated Carbon Dioxide Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation and Conversion to Value-Added Products
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Microalgae for CO2 Sequestration: Concept and Recent Developments
11.3 Microalgae: Value-Added Products (VAPs)—Fuel-Based
11.4 Microalgae as a Source of Value-Added Food Supplements
11.4.1 β-Carotene
11.4.2 Astaxanthin
11.4.3 Other Value-Added Products (VAPs)
11.5 Future Needs
Reference
12 Phycoremediation by High-Rate Algal Ponds (HRAPs)
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Wastewater Characteristics
12.2.1 Physical Characteristics
12.2.2 Chemical Characteristics
12.2.3 Biological Characteristics
12.3 Phycoremediation
12.4 Algae Species Used for Phycoremediation
12.5 High-Rate Algal Ponds (HRAPs)
12.5.1 Nutrient Removal
12.5.2 Factors Affecting High-Rate Algae Ponds
12.5.3 Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment and Algal Growth
12.6 Wastewater as Feedstock for Biomass Production
12.7 Economics and Energy Balance of Phycoremediation Using HRAPs
12.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Reference
13 Microalgal Biotechnology: Today’s (Green) Gold Rush
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Cultivation
13.3 Native Strains, Consortia of Species, and Extremophiles
13.4 Variations in Algal Production: Crucial but Ignored
13.5 Lipid Variations: Physiological State
13.6 Biochemical Manipulation: Higher Yields
13.7 Harvesting
13.8 Genetic Modification of Algae
13.9 Summary

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Tags: Faizal Bux, Biotechnological, Microalgae