Breaking the Political Glass Ceiling Women and Congressional Elections 2nd Edition by Barbara Palmer, Dennis Simon 0415964733 9780415964739

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ISBN 10: 0415964733

ISBN 13: 9780415964739

Author: Barbara Palmer; Dennis Simon

Why has the integration of women into Congress been so slow? Is there a “political glass ceiling” for women? Although women use the same strategic calculations as men to decide when to run, the decision regarding where to run is something else. While redistricting has increasingly protected incumbents, it also has the unintended consequence of shaping the opportunities for female candidates. The political geography and socio-economic profile of districts that elect women differ substantially from districts that elect men. With data on over 10,000 elections and 30,000 candidates from 1916 to the present, Palmer and Simon explore how strategy and the power of incumbency affect women’s decisions to run for office. Breaking the Political Glass Ceiling is the most comprehensive analysis of women in congressional elections available. The Second Edition is fully updated to reflect the pivotal 2006 mid-term elections, including Nancy Pelosi’s rise to Speaker of the House, Hillary Clinton’s bid for the presidency, and a record number of women serving as committee chairs. Additionally, the authors have created a website, found at politicsandwomen.com, to highlight key features of the book and provide updates throughout the election cycle.

Breaking the Political Glass Ceiling Women and Congressional Elections 2nd Table of contents:

1 Where We Were Women of the 1950s

A Snapshot: The Women of 1956

The Rules of the Game

Cultural Norms: A “Man’s Game”

Entry Professions and the Pipeline

The Politics of Redistricting

The Plan of the Book and Our Data

2 The Rise and Persistence of the Political Glass Ceiling

The Integration of Women into the House

Women and Elections to the House

The Integration of Women into the Senate

Women and Elections to the Senate

The Power of Incumbency

Open Seats in Elections to the House and Senate

The Rise of Careerism

Careerism in the House

Conclusion

3 Political Ambition and Running for the U.S. House

Deciding to Run for Office

Political Ambition Theory

Ambition Theory and Congressional Widows

Understanding Discrete and Static Ambition

Explaining Discrete and Static Ambition

Conclusion

4 Political Ambition and Running for the U.S. Senate and Beyond

The Decision to Seek Reelection

The Decision to Run for Higher Office: The Lure of the Senate

Understanding Progressive Ambition

The Opportunity to Run

Costs of Running

Probability of Winning

Value of the Member’s Current Office

Risk Takers

Explaining Progressive Ambition

Looking to the Future: Running for the Senate

The Ultimate in Progressive Ambition: Running for President

Conclusion

5 Understanding the Glass Ceiling Women and the Competitive Environment

When Women Run against Women

“Equality” in the Electoral Arena

Understanding the Competitive Environment

Media Coverage

Voter Perceptions

Campaign Strategy

Implications for the Competitive Environment

Explaining the Competitive Environment

Conclusion

6 Understanding the Glass Ceiling The “Party Gap”

The Growth of the “Party Gap” in Congress

Explaining the Party Gap

The Success of the Parties

The Pipeline

The Perceptions of Voters and Party Leaders

Conclusion

7 Understanding the Glass Ceiling Women-friendly Districts

Demographic Characteristics and Women Candidates

Understanding the Political Geography of Women’s Success

Partisanship and Ideology

Geographic Factors

Race and Ethnicity

Socioeconomic Factors

Explaining the Political Geography of Women’s Success

Gender, Party, and Race

White Women in Core Democratic and Republican Districts

White Women in Swing Districts

African American Women and Core Democratic Districts

The Index of Women-Friendliness

Looking to the Future: Women-Friendly Districts and Their Implications

The Growth in Women-friendly Districts

The Paradox for Republican Women

The Paradox for Democratic Women

Conclusion

8 Where We Are Women of the Twenty-first Century

The Picture Now: The Campaign of 2006 and the Women of the 110th Congress

The Rules: No Longer a Man’s Game

Cultural Norms

Entry Professions and the Pipeline

The Politics of Redistricting

Another Option: Women-friendly Districts

The Political Glass Ceiling

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