Community Ecology 2nd Edition by Peter Morin 1118299078 9781118299074

Part 1: Communities: Basic Patterns and Elementary Processes

1: Communities

1.1 Overview

1.2 Communities

1.3 Communities and their members

1.4 Community properties

1.5 Interspecific interactions

1.6 Community patterns as the inspiration for theory: alternate hypotheses and their critical evalua

1.7 Community patterns are a consequence of a hierarchy of interacting processes

1.8 Conclusions

2: Competition: Mechanisms, Models, and Niches

2.1 Overview

2.2 Interspecific competition

2.3 Mechanisms of interspecific competition

2.4 Descriptive models of competition

2.5 Mechanistic models of competition

2.6 Neighborhood models of competition among plants

2.7 Competition, niches, and resource partitioning

2.8 The many meanings of the niche

2.9 Other ways of thinking about the niche

2.10 Guild structure in niche space

2.11 Conclusions

3: Competition: Experiments, Observations, and Null Models

3.1 Overview

3.2 Experimental approaches to interspecific competition

3.3 Experimental studies of interspecific competition

3.4 Competition in marine communities

3.5 Competition in terrestrial communities

3.6 Competition in freshwater communities

3.7 An overview of patterns found in surveys of published experiments on interspecific competition

3.8 Null models and statistical/observational approaches to the study of interspecific competition

3.9 Conclusions

4: Predation and Communities: Empirical Patterns

4.1 Overview

4.2 Predation

4.3 Examples from biological control

4.4 Impacts of predators on different kinds of communities

4.5 Examples of predation in marine communities

4.6 Examples of predation in terrestrial communities

4.7 Examples of predation in freshwater communities

4.8 Inducible defenses

4.9 When is predation likely to regulate prey population size and community structure?

4.10 Overviews of general patterns based on reviews of experimental studies of predation

4.11 Trade-offs between competitive ability and resistance to predation

4.12 Conclusions

5: Models of Predation in Simple Communities

5.1 Overview

5.2 Simple predator–prey models

5.3 Models of predation on more than one prey

5.4 Models of intraguild predation

5.5 Models of infectious disease

5.6 Conclusions

6: Food Webs

6.1 Overview

6.2 Food-web attributes

6.3 Patterns in collections of food webs

6.4 Explanations for food-web patterns

6.5 Other approaches to modeling food-web patterns

6.6 Experimental tests of food-web theory

6.7 Omnivory, increasing trophic complexity, and stability

6.8 Interaction strength

6.9 Some final qualifications about empirical patterns

6.10 Conclusions

7: Mutualisms

7.1 Overview

7.2 Kinds of mutualisms

7.3 Direct and indirect mutualisms

7.4 Simple models of mutualistic interactions

7.5 Examples of obligate mutualisms

7.6 Energetic and nutritional mutualisms

7.7 Examples of facultative mutualisms and commensalisms

7.8 Theories about the conditions leading to positive interactions among species

7.9 Integrating positive interactions into ecological networks

7.10 Conclusions: Consequences of mutualism and commensalism for community development

8: Indirect Effects

8.1 Overview

8.2 Types of indirect effects

8.3 Apparent competition

8.4 Indirect mutualism and indirect commensalism

8.5 Trophic cascades, tri-trophic interactions, and bottom-up effects

8.6 Interaction modifications: Higher-order interactions, non-additive effects, and trait-mediated i

8.7 Indirect effects can complicate the interpretation of manipulative community studies

8.8 Conclusions: Factors contributing to the importance of indirect effects

Part 2: Factors Influencing Interactions Among Species

9: Temporal Patterns: Seasonal Dynamics, Priority Effects, and Assembly Rules

9.1 Overview

9.2 The importance of history

9.3 Interactions among temporally segregated species

9.4 Consequences of phenological variation: case studies of priority effects

9.5 Assembly rules

9.6 Examples of assembly rules derived from theory

9.7 Conclusions

10: Habitat Selection

10.1 Overview

10.2 Features of habitat selection

10.3 Correlations between organisms and habitat characteristics

10.4 Cues and consequences

10.5 A graphical theory of habitat selection

10.6 Conclusions

11: Spatial Dynamics

11.1 Overview

11.2 Spatial dynamics in open systems

11.3 Metapopulations and metacommunities

11.4 Interspecific interactions in patchy, subdivided habitats

11.5 Competition in spatially complex habitats

11.6 Predator–prey interactions in spatially complex habitats

11.7 Habitat fragmentation and dispersal corridors affect diversity and movement among patches

11.8 Recruitment-limited interactions – “supply-side ecology”

11.9 Large-scale spatial patterns: island biogeography and macroecology

11.10 Conclusions

Part 3: Large-Scale, Integrative Community Phenomena

12: Causes and Consequences of Diversity

12.1 Overview

12.2 Equilibrium and non-equilibrium communities

12.3 Experimental studies of community stability and alternate stable states

12.4 Examples of stable community patterns

12.5 Equilibrium explanations for diversity

12.6 Situations where diversity may result from non-equilibrium dynamics

12.7 Stability and complexity

12.8 Productivity–diversity curves

12.9 Effects of diversity on the variability of processes

12.10 Effects of diversity on invasibility

12.11 Conclusions

13: Succession

13.1 Overview

13.2 Succession

13.3 A brief history of succession

13.4 Quantitative models of ecological succession

13.5 Case studies of succession in different kinds of habitats

13.6 Effects of plant succession on animal assemblages

13.7 Succession in microbial assemblages

13.8 Conclusions

14: Applied Community Ecology

14.1 Overview

14.2 Anthropogenic changes and applied community ecology

14.3 Epidemiology of animal borne diseases

14.4 Restoration of community composition and function

14.5 Biological control of invasive species

14.6 Biomanipulation of water quality

14.7 Management of multispecies fisheries

14.8 Optimal design of nature preserves

14.9 Predicting and managing responses to global environmental change

14.10 Maximization of yield in mixed species agricultural and biofuel systems

14.11 Assembly of viable communities in novel environments

14.12 CONCLUSIONS

Appendix: Stability Analysis

References

Index