Compulsory Voting For and Against 1st Edition by Jason Brennan, Lisa Hill 1107613922 9781107613928

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ISBN 10: 1107613922 

ISBN 13: 9781107613928

Author: Jason Brennan, Lisa Hill

In many democracies, voter turnout is low and getting lower. If the people choose not to govern themselves, should they be forced to do so? For Jason Brennan, compulsory voting is unjust and a petty violation of citizens’ liberty. The median non-voter is less informed and rational, as well as more biased, than the median voter. According to Lisa Hill, compulsory voting is a reasonable imposition on personal liberty. Hill points to the discernible benefits of compulsory voting and argues that high turnout elections are more democratically legitimate. The authors – both well-known for their work on voting and civic engagement – debate questions such as: • Do citizens have a duty to vote, and is it an enforceable duty? • Does compulsory voting violate citizens’ liberty? If so, is this sufficient grounds to oppose it? Or is it a justifiable violation? Might it instead promote liberty on the whole? • Is low turnout a problem or a blessing?

Table of contents:

Part I Medicine Worse Than the Disease?

1 The Heavy Burden of Proof

1.1 Where Are We the People?

1.2 Against Compulsory Voting

1.3 Compulsory Voting “Works,” but So What?

1.4 Who Holds the Burden of Proof?

1.5 The Burden of Proof: The Logic of Argumentation

1.6 The Burden of Proof: The Morality of Compulsion

1.7 Strong Doubt Kills Compulsory Voting

1.8 The “Right Not to Vote” as a Red Herring

1.9 Good Consequences Are Not Enough

1.10 How Compulsory is Compulsory Voting?

1.11 Noncoercive Alternatives Kill the Case for Compulsory Voting

1.12 Summary So Far

2 Democratic Legitimacy and the Consequences of Compulsion

2.1 Compulsory Voting and Government by Consent

2.2 Compulsory Voting and Democratic Legitimacy

2.3 Making Government “More Democratic”

2.4 Compulsory Voting and Representativeness

2.4.1 The Argument

2.4.2 Representativeness without Compulsion: Voter Lotteries

2.4.3 Must We Protect Nonvoters from Voters?

2.4.4 Do the Disadvantaged Know How to Help Themselves?

2.4.5 If They Vote, Will Anyone Listen?

2.4.6 Summary

2.5 Compulsory Voting, Trust, and Social Solidarity

2.6 Other Purported Consequences of Compulsion

2.7 Conclusion

3 Do Your Share or Else

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Not All Moral Duties Are Enforceable

3.3 Does Compulsory Voting Enhance Liberty?

3.4 Fixing an Assurance Problem

3.5 Fixing Free Riding

3.5.1 Incompatibility with Other Arguments

3.5.2 Is the Duty to Vote Enforceable?

5.5.3 The Jury-Duty Analogy

5.5.4 Are Nonvoters Free Riders?

3.6 Conclusion

4 Should We Force the Drunk to Drive?

4.1 The State of the Debate

4.2 The Magic Wand

4.3 Imposing Less Competent and Lower-Quality Government Is Unjust

4.4 Political Ignorance

4.5 Differential Ignorance and Misinformation

4.6 Ignorance Matters

4.7 The Ideological Elephant in the Room

4.8 Mitigating Factors

4.9 The Burden of Proof Revisited

Part II Compulsory Voting Defended

5 Compulsory Voting: Background, Effects, Feasibility, and Basic Premises

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Basic Premises

5.3 Approach and Plan

5.4 An Important Qualification

5.5 Background and Practical Matters

5.6 Compulsory Voting and Voter Turnout: Are There Other, Less Coercive Ways of Raising Turnout?

5.7 A Real-World Example

6 Turnout, Abstention, and Democratic Legitimacy

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Turnout Problem

6.2.1 Legitimacy in a Procedural Democracy

6.3 Does Higher Turnout Confer Greater Democratic Legitimacy on Election Outcomes?

6.4 Opportunity to Vote Not Actual Voting Is What Counts

6.5 Is Failure to Vote Neutral?

6.6 Is It True That It Would Make No Difference to Government Policy (Outputs) if Everyone Voted?

6.6.1 Voting Does Affect Outputs

6.7 Just Turning Up?

6.8 Apathy Is a Virtue: Low Turnout Is a Function of Democratic Choice and an Expression of Self-Gov

6.9 Is Abstention Necessarily a Positive Choice? Abstention as a Norm

6.10 Concluding Remarks

7 Is Compulsory Voting an Unjustified Burden on Personal Autonomy?

7.1 Introduction

7.2 A Right Not to Vote?

7.3 Legal Tests So Far of the “Right Not to Vote”

7.4 Can the Right to Vote Be Inverted or Waived? Perpetuating Democracy

7.5 Does the Harm of Failure to Vote Justify Compelling People to Vote?

7.6 Voting Rights and Voting Classes

7.7 Liberty versus Democracy?

7.8 “Right” versus “Duty” to Vote

7.9 Concluding Remarks

8 Is Requiring People to Vote Contrary to Democratic Values?

8.1 Overinclusiveness, Nonaffected Interests, and “Bad” Voting

8.1.1 Overinclusiveness: The “Nonaffected”

8.1.2 Overinclusiveness: The “Indifferent”

8.1.3 Overinclusiveness: “Bad” Voting and Bad Government

8.1.4 Overinclusiveness, “Bad” Voting, and Electoral Distortions

8.2 Competence, Exclusion, and the Democratic Ideal

8.3 Must All Self-Governing Activities Be Voluntary? Honoring or Promoting Democratic Freedom

8.4 Voting as a Problem of Collective Action: Individual “Rationality” versus System Rationality

8.5 Compulsory-Voting Laws as Self-Paternalism

8.6 Doing One’s Fair Share of the Democratic Work: Is Abstaining Free Riding?

8.7 Compulsory Voting as Substantive Equality of Political Opportunity

8.8 Concluding Remarks

9 Conclusion

9.1 Summary of Argument

9.2 Concluding Remarks

9.2.1 The End of Voting?

9.2.2 Compulsory Voting as the Solution

9.2.3 Illiberal and Undemocratic?

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Tags: Jason Brennan, Lisa Hill, Compulsory, Voting