Drug Metabolism Chemical and Enzymatic Aspects 1st Edition by Jack Uetrecht, William Trager 1420061038 9781420061031

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 1420061038 

ISBN 13: 9781420061031

Author: Jack P. Uetrecht, William Trager

In order to understand drug metabolism at its most fundamental level, pharmaceutical scientists must be able to analyze drug compound structures and predict possible metabolic pathways in order to avoid the risk of adverse reactions that lead to the withdrawal of a drug from the market. This comprehensive textbook will aid in guiding students through the recognition of the chemical underpinnings of drug metabolism. While there are numerous resources available for understanding drug structure, and other texts relating to drug metabolism from a biological standpoint, there is no other resource currently available that links both the chemical and biological terminology together in a clear and concise language, written, to be accessible for use in the classroom, as an education tool for teaching drug development. Drug Metabolism: Chemical and Enzymatic Aspects explains, to teachers and students alike, how a drug is metabolized, the potential effects of the metabolites, extensive material to help understand drug metabolism within a biological context, and practical problems and answers.

Table of contents:

1 Introduction
References

2 Background for Nonchemists
Using The Structure Of A Drug To Predict Properties Such As Water Solubility
Prediction Of Charge From Pka
Factors Such As Charge That Affect Drug Absorption, Distribution, And Excretion
Hints For Understanding Chemical Mechanisms
References

3 Background for Chemists
Basic Aspects Of Pharmacokinetics
Drug Transporters
Enzyme Kinetics
In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation Of Drug Behavior
Deuterium Isotope Effects
References

4 Oxidation Pathways and the Enzymes That Mediate Them
Oxidative Enzymes
Cytochrome P450s
Cytochrome P450: General Properties and Mechanism of Oxygen Action
Cytochrome P450 Nomenclature
Peroxidases
Horseradish Peroxidase
Prostaglandin H Synthase
Myeloperoxidase
Miscellaneous Peroxidases
Flavin Monooxygenase
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases
Monoamine Oxidase
Xanthine Oxidase
Aldehyde Oxidase
Oxidative Pathways
Oxidation of sp3 Carbon–Hydrogen Bonds of Simple Alkanes
Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic sp3 Carbon–Hydrogen Bonds
Oxidation α to a Heteroatom (N, O, S, Halogen)
N-Dealkylation/Deamination
O-Dealkylation
S-Dealkylation
Halogen Dealkylation
Oxidative Cleavage of Esters and Amides
Oxidative Cleavage of Nitriles
Oxidative Dehydrogenation
Oxidative Addition to Unsaturated Carbon
Alkenes
Alkynes
Aromatic Rings
Ipso Substitution
FeO2+—An Active P450 Oxidant
Oxidation of Alcohols
Oxidation of Aldehydes
Oxidative Decarboxylation
Oxidation of Heteroatoms
Oxidation of Nitrogen
Oxidation of Sulfur
References

5 Reductive Pathways
Major Reducing Enzymes
Aldo/Keto Reductases
Carbonyl Reductases
Cytochrome P450
Xanthine Oxidase and Aldehyde Oxidase
NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase
Reductive Metabolic Pathways
Reduction of Nitro, Nitroso, and Hydroxylamine Groups
Reduction of Amine Oxides
Reduction of Azo Compounds
Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
Reduction of Quinones
Reduction of Sulfoxides
Reduction of Disulfides and Other Oxidation States of Sulfur
Reduction of Peroxides
Reductive Dehalogenation
References

6 Hydrolytic Pathways
Hydrolysis Of Esters, Amides, And Thioesters
Esterases
Acetylcholinesterase
Pseudocholinesterase
Carboxylesterases
Paraoxonase
Amidases
Hydrolysis Of Epoxides
Hydrolysis Of Sulfates And Glucuronides
References

7 Conjugation Pathways
Glucuronidation
Glucuronosyl Transferases
Glucuronidation Characteristics
Sulfation
Acetylation
Methylation
Amino Acid Conjugation
Chiral Inversion Of 2-Arylpropionic Acids
Glutathione Conjugation
Conversion Of Glutathione Conjugates To Mercapturic Acids
Cysteine Conjugate β-Lyase
References

8 Reactive Metabolites
Good Leaving Groups
Ring Strain
Michael Acceptors
Isocyanates And Isothiocyanates
Carbenes
Free Radicals
Prediction Of Reactive Metabolite Formation
References

Practice Problems
Answers to Practice Problems

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Tags: Jack Uetrecht, William Trager, Metabolism, Drug