Earth evolution of a habitable world 2nd Edition by Jonathan Irving Lunine 0521850010 9780521850018

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ISBN 10: 0521850010

ISBN 13: 9780521850018

Author: Jonathan Irving Lunine

Fully updated throughout, including revised illustrations and new images from NASA missions, this new edition provides an overview of Earth’s history from a planetary science perspective for Earth science undergraduates. Earth’s evolution is described in the context of what we know about other planets and the cosmos at large, from the origin of the cosmos to the processes that shape planetary environments and from the origins of life to the inner workings of cells. Astronomy, Earth science, planetary science and astrobiology are integrated to give students the whole picture of how the Earth has come to its present state and an understanding of the relationship between key ideas in different fields. The book presents concepts in nontechnical language and mathematical treatments are avoided where possible. New end-of-chapter summaries and questions allow students to check their understanding and critical thinking is emphasized to encourage students to explore ideas scientifically for themselves.

Earth evolution of a habitable world 2nd Table of contents:

PART I The astronomical planet: Earth’s place in the cosmos
1 An introductory tour of Earth’s cosmic neighborhood
1.1 Ancient attempts to determine the scale of the cosmos
1.2 Brief introduction to the solar system
Summary
Questions
General reading
Reference

2 Largest and smallest scales
Introduction
2.1 Scientific notation
2.2 Motions of Earth in the cosmos
2.3 Cosmic distances
2.3.1 The planets
2.3.2 Nearby stars and planets redux
2.3.3 Nearby galaxies
2.3.4 Beyond the galactic neighborhood
2.3.5 To the farthest edge of the universe
2.4 Microscopic constitution of matter
Summary
Questions
General reading
References

3 Forces and energy
Introduction
3.1 Forces of nature
3.2 Radioactivity
3.3 Conservation of energy, and thermodynamics
3.4 Electromagnetic spectrum
3.5 Abundances in the Sun
Summary
Questions
References

4 Fusion, fission, sunlight, and element formation
Introduction
4.1 Stars and nuclear fusion
4.2 Element production in the Big Bang
4.3 Element production during nuclear fusion in stars
4.4 Production of other elements in stars: s, r, and p processes
4.5 Nonstellar element production
4.6 Element production and life
Summary
Questions
References

PART II The measurable planet: tools to discern the history of Earth and the planets
5 Determination of cosmic and terrestrial ages
Introduction
5.1 Overview of age dating
5.2 The concept of half-life
5.3 Carbon-14 dating
5.4 Measurement of Parents and Daughters: Rubidium-Strontium
5.5 Fission track dating
5.6 Caveat emptor
Summary
Questions
General reading
References

6 Other uses of isotopes for Earth history
Introduction
6.1 Stable isotopes, seafloor sediments, and climate
6.1.1 Carbon
6.1.2 Oxygen
6.1.3 Hydrogen
6.1.4 Other systems
6.2 A possible temperature history of Earth from cherts
Summary
Questions
General reading
References

7 Relative age dating of cosmic and terrestrial events
Introduction
7.1 Process of impact cratering
7.2 Using craters to date planetary surfaces
7.2.1 Relative ages of events on a planetary surface
7.2.2 Absolute chronology of solar system events
7.3 Cratering on planetary bodies with atmospheres
7.4 Impactors through time
Summary
Question
References

8 Relative age dating of terrestrial events: geologic layering and geologic time
Introduction
8.1 Catastrophism versus uniformitarianism
8.2 Estimating the age of Earth, without radioisotopes
8.3 Geologic processes and their cyclical nature
8.4 Principles of geologic succession
8.5 Fossils
8.6 Radioisotopic dating of Earth rocks
8.7 Geologic timescale
8.8 A grand sequence
8.9 The geologic timescale as a map
Summary
Question
General reading
References

9 Plate tectonics: an introduction to the process
Introduction
9.1 Early evidence for and historical development of plate tectonics
9.2 Genesis of plate tectonics after World War II
9.2.1 Seafloor topography
9.2.2 Magnetic imprints on rocks
9.2.3 Geologic record on land
9.2.4 Earthquakes and subduction
9.3 The basic model of plate tectonics
9.4 Past motions of the plates and supercontinents
9.5 Driving forces of plate motions
9.6 An end to techniques and the start of history
Summary
Questions
General reading
References

PART III The historical planet: Earth and solar system through time
10 Formation of the solar system
Introduction
10.1 Timescale of cosmological events leading up to solar system formation
10.2 Formation of stars and planets
10.2.1 Molecular clouds and star formation
10.2.2 The start of star formation
10.2.3 A star is born
10.2.4 Figure skaters and astrophysicists: the formation of planets
10.2.5 Disks around protostars: the source of planets?
10.2.6 The end of planet formation
10.3 Primitive material present in the solar system today
10.3.1 Remnants of the beginning: meteorites
10.3.2 Comets and Kuiper Belt objects
10.3.3 Interplanetary dust particles
10.4 The search for other planetary systems
10.4.1 Indirect techniques
10.4.2 Direct techniques
10.5 Planets everywhere
Summary
Questions
General reading
References

… (các mục tiếp theo giữ nguyên định dạng tương tự)

PART IV The once and future planet
21 Climate change over the past few hundred thousand years
Introduction
21.1 The record in ice cores
21.2 Climate from plant pollen and packrat midden studies
21.3 Tree rings
21.4 Climate variability in the late Holocene
21.5 The Younger Dryas: a signpost for the oceanic role in climate
21.6 Into the present
Summary
Questions
General reading
References

22 Human-induced global warming
Introduction
22.1 The records of CO₂ abundance and global temperatures in modern times
22.2 Modeling the response of Earth to increasing amounts of greenhouse gases
22.2.1 Review of basic greenhouse physics
22.2.2 Some complications
22.2.3 General circulation models
22.3 Predicted effects of global warming
22.3.1 Large stratospheric cooling
22.3.2 Global mean increase in precipitation
22.3.3 Northern polar winter surface warming
22.3.4 Rise in global mean sea level
22.3.5 Summer continental warming and increased dryness
22.3.6 Regional vegetation changes
22.3.7 More severe precipitation events
22.3.8 Changes in climate variability
22.3.9 Regional-scale changes will look very different from the global average, but their nature is uncertain
22.3.10 Biosphere–climate feedbacks
22.3.11 Details of life in the next quarter century
22.4 The difficulty of proof: weather versus climate
22.5 Role of the oceans in Earth’s climate
22.5.1 Basics of ocean circulation
22.5.2 El Niño phenomenon
22.5.3 Prolonged global warming and ocean circulation shutdown
22.6 Global warming: a long-term view
22.7 Postscript: human effects on the upper atmosphere – ozone depletion
Summary
Questions
General reading
References

23 Limited resources: the human dilemma
Introduction
23.1 The expanding human population
23.2 Prospects for agriculture
23.3 Energy resources
23.3.1 Fossil fuels
23.3.2 The challenges of fossil fuels
23.3.3 Alternative energy sources
23.3.4 Energy use in the future
23.4 Economically important minerals
23.5 Pollution
23.6 Can we go back?
Summary
Questions
General reading
References

24 Coda: the once and future Earth

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