Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations 1st Edition by Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina 0429319460 9781000072679

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ISBN 10: 0429319460 

ISBN 13: 9781000072679

Author: Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina

Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations reveals how valuable medicinal compounds can be identified through the application of vital fluorescence in plant cells. The book explains the roles that fluorescent compounds play in plant physiology and promotes our knowledge of plant secretory cells and phytopreparations. Supported by vivid illustrations, the book reveals how actinic light – light that induces fluorescence in leaves and flowers – can be used in the identification of secretory cells within plant tissue that may be the repository of valuable medicinal compounds. The book demonstrates the potential of fluorescence in pharmacological analysis with detailed methods for applying fluorescence to identify these deposits of natural drugs. As such, this groundbreaking book contains methods of express-pharmaceutical analysis that could open new horizons in pharmacy and the cultivation of medicinal plants. Features Describes various fluorescence microscopy techniques for the localization of compounds contained in plants with pharmaceutical interest Provides an analysis of pharmaceutical material based on autofluorescence and histochemical reactions for numerous medicinal plant species Demonstrates practices for providing optimal growing conditions and improving the quality of the compounds Showing the readiness of plant raw material for pharmaceutical industry, this book will appeal to professionals in the pharmaceutical industry and students and researchers in the fields of phytochemistry, botany and pharmaceutical sciences.

Table of contents:

Chapter 1 Fluorescent Analysis Technique

1.1 Fluorescent Analysis Tools

1.1.1 Apparatuses

1.1.2 Luminescence Microscopy

1.1.3 Microspectrofluorimetry

1.1.4 Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy

1.1.5 Spectrofluorimeters and Fluorimeters

1.1.6 Flow Cytometry

1.1.7 Multiphoton Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (MP-FLIM)

1.1.8 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy

1.1.9 Laser Ablation Tomography

1.1.10 Potential of Smartphone Use in the Study of Fluorescence

1.1.11 Materials

1.2 Methodical Approaches

1.3 Conclusion

Chapter 2 Autofluorescence as a Parameter to Study Pharmaceutical Materials

2.1 Identification of Secretory Cells with Drugs among Nonsecretory Ones

2.2 Composition of Fluorescing Molecules in the Sample and Prevailing Components

2.3 Interference of Maxima in Secretory Cells and Masking of the Weak Fluorescence of Components

2.4 Difficulties in Comparison of the Emissions of Intact Secretory Cells, Secretions, and Individual Components: Modeling with Mixtures

2.5 Accumulation and Drying Secretions in Secretory Cells

2.6 Medium and Fluorescence

2.7 Factors that Act on Autofluorescence of Native Cells

2.7.1 Internal Factors

2.7.2 External Factors

2.7.2.1 Ozone and Ageing

2.7.2.2 Parasitic Invasion

2.7.2.3 Water and Salt Stresses

2.7.2.4 Metal-Enriched Soil as Stress Factor

2.7.2.5 Fluorescence in Monitoring of Bioparticles and Agrosystems

2.7.2.6 Xenobiotics

2.8 Natural Stress Compounds Formed in Plants

2.9 Fluorescing Products of Damage

2.10 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Atlas of Autofluorescence in Plant Pharmaceutical Materials

3.1 Achillea millefolium, Common Yarrow

3.2 Artemisia absinthium, Common Wormwood

3.3 Artemisia vulgaris, Common Mugwort

3.4 Berberis vulgaris L., Barberry

3.5 Calendula officinalis, Pot Marigold

3.6 Chelidonium majus, Greater Celandine

3.7 Cichorium intybus, Chicory

3.8 Equisetum arvense, Horsetail

3.9 Frangula alnus, Buckthorn

3.10 Humulus lupulus L., Common Hop

3.11 Hypericum perforatum, Common St. John’s Wort

3.12 Ledum palustre, Labrador Tea, Crystal Tea Ledum, Marsh Tea

3.13 Leonurus cardiaca L, common motherwort

3.14 Matricaria chamomilla, Wild Chamomile, German Chamomile

3.15 Mentha piperita, Peppermint

3.16 Origanum vulgare L., common origanum, wild marjoram

3.17 Salvia officinalis, Sage, Garden Sage, Common Sage, or Culinary Sage

3.18 Tanacetum vulgare, Common Tansy

3.19 Summary of Fluorescent Spectral Characteristics of Known Medicinal Species

Conclusion

Chapter 4 Fluorescence in Histochemical Reactions

4.1 Neurotransmitters

4.1.1 Acetylcholine and Cholinesterase

4.1.2 Biogenic Amines

4.1.2.1 Fluorescence in Histochemical Analysis of Biogenic Amines

4.1.2.2 Visualization of Biogenic Amines

4.1.2.3 Concentration of Biogenic Amines

4.1.2.4 Staining of Cells with Fluorescent Analogs of Biogenic Amines and Their Antagonists

4.1.2.5 Biogenic Amines as Stress Compounds in Plant Material

4.2 Phenol Occurrence in Plant Secretory Cells

4.3 Terpenoid Occurrence in Plant Secretory Cells

4.4 Nucleic acids as an Indicator of the Viability of Fresh Raw Material

4.4.1 Artificial Dyes

4.4.2 Natural Dyes

4.5 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Plant Tissues in vivo

Conclusion

Chapter 5 Fluorescence in Phytopreparations

5.1 Preparations from Individual Plant Compounds and Mixtures

5.1.1 Water Extracts and Tinctures

5.1.2 Juices

5.1.3 Preparations by Extraction with Organic Solvents

5.1.4 Medicinal Oils

5.2 Model of Possible Interactions of Metabolites in Secretory Cells and Phytopreparations

5.2.1 Water Solutions

5.2.2 Ethanolic and Oil Solutions

5.2.3 Correlation in Fluorescence between Cells and Extracts

5.3 Single Cells as Drug Transporters

5.3.1 Pollen as Container That Transports Drugs Located in Single Cell

5.3.2 Fluorescence of Intact Pollen and Pollen Products

5.3.3 Pollen in Atmosphere as Ecological and Allergic Factor

5.3.4 Fluorescent Diagnostics of Honey and Bee Products—Pollen Loads and Perga

5.4 Sanitary Treatment of Dried Pharmaceutical Preparations before Marketing

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