From Local Patriotism to a Planetary Perspective Impact Crater Research in Germany 1930s to 1970s 1st Edition by Martina Kölbl Ebert 1472438868 9781472438867

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ISBN 10: 1472438868 

ISBN 13: 9781472438867

Author: Martina Kölbl Ebert

The Nördlinger Ries and Steinheim Basin, two conspicuous geological structures in southern Germany, were traditionally viewed as somewhat enigmatic but nevertheless definitely volcanic edifices until they were finally recognized as impact craters in the 1960s. The changing views about the origin of the craters mark an important paradigm shift in the Earth sciences, from an Earth-centric approach to a planetary perspective that acknowledged Earth’s place in the wider cosmos. Drawing on a range of printed sources, detailed archival material, letters, personal notes, and interviews with veterans of Ries research, Martina Kölbl-Ebert provides a detailed reconstruction, not only of the historical sequence of events throughout the twentieth century, but also of the personal thoughts, emotions and motives of the scientists involved and the social context of their research. She shows that there was a sudden reconnection of German researchers with the international scientific community, particularly with more progressive American researchers, after some twenty-five years of scientific isolation during the build-up to WWII and its aftermath. This reconnection brought about not only a new view of geoscience, but also saved German geology from self-sufficiency and patriotic arrogance by integrating it in an interdisciplinary and international framework. In so doing this book sheds much valuable light on an under-explored but crucial development in the way we understand Earth’s history, as well as the way that science functioned during times of conflict.

Table of contents:

1 Introducing the Smoking Gun
Geological Context
Early Research on the Ries Basin
Elevation and Subsidence
Central Explosion
Rocks and Minerals
Early Ideas on the Genesis of the Steinheim Basin
Outside the Mainstream

2 Early Impactists and their Sources
Julius Osvald Kaljuvee
Excursion to Arizona
Importing the Impact Scenario to Germany
Herbert P.T. Rohleder
Otto Stutzer

3 Dismissing Impact I
Why?
Isolation: Politically, Linguistically and Scientifically
Artificial Boundaries and their Influence on Geological Research
Actualism – Method Confused as Fact
Mineralogy and Volcanology

4 A Letter from Berlin
The Quiring–Kranz Correspondence

5 Kaalijärv Crater and Köfels Landslide
Walter Kranz as Impactist
Franz Eduard Sueß and the Köfels Landslide

6 Impact Physics – Beyond Human Imagination
Ernst Julius Öpik
Fritz Heide
It Cannot Be

7 ‘German Geology’
German Geology in the Romantic Period
Geology in Nazi Germany
Defining ‘German Geology’
German Geology ‘Down the Drain’

8 Setting the Stage
Visit by a ‘Crazy’ American
Coesite
Meanwhile in Germany

9 The Tide is Turning
Impact in Tübingen

10 Dismissing Impact II
Walter H. Bucher and the Sceptics of Tübingen
Scepticism and Apologetics in Munich
From Scepticism to Chauvinism
Rivalry Between Geology and Mineralogy

11 Testing an Old Theory
No Volcanic Vent at Altenbürg Quarry
Gerold Wagner’s Tragic Death at Rochechouart
The Problem of Visualisation
The Ries Working Group
Drilling the Ries Crater
Research Drilling at Nördlingen
The Steinheim Basin

12 Ries Crater – A Terrestrial Proxy for the Moon
Shock Metamorphism
Suevite Samples From the Moon
Astronauts at the Ries Crater
Georg Wagner Finally Convinced
A New Routine
Little Green Prussians

13 From Local Patriotism to a Planetary Perspective
Glossary
References
Interviews
Archive Sources
Printed Sources

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Tags: Martina Kölbl Ebert, Patriotism, Planetary, Perspective