Glycosylphosphatidylinositol GPI Anchoring of Proteins 1st Edition by Anant Menon, Peter Orlean, Taroh Kinoshita, Fuyuhiko Tamanoi 0123749638 9780123749635

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ISBN 10: 0123749638 

ISBN 13: 9780123749635

Author: Anant K. Menon, Peter Orlean, Taroh Kinoshita and Fuyuhiko Tamanoi

This volume of The Enzymes features high-caliber thematic articles on the topic of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins.

* Contributions from leading authorities
* Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Overview of GPI Biosynthesis
I. Abstract
II. Introduction of GPI-Anchored Proteins
III. Structure of GPI-APs
IV. Biosynthesis of GPI and Attachment to Proteins
V. Lipid Remodeling of GPI and GPI-APs
VI. Enzymes Involved in Modification of GPI Glycan in GPI-APs
References

Chapter 2: The N-Acetylglucosamine-PI Transfer Reaction, the GlcNAc-PI Transferase Complex, and Its
I. Abstract
II. The N-Acetylglucosamine-PI Transfer Reaction
III. Biological Importance of the GPI-GlcNAc Transferase
IV. The GPI-GlcNAc Transferase Complex
V. Regulation of GPI-GlcNAc Transferase Activity
VI. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgment
References

Chapter 3: The GlcNAc-PI de-N-acetylase: Structure, Function, and Activity
I. Abstract
II. Introduction
III. Protein Structure and Function
IV. Recombinant Protein Expression
V. Activity Assays
VI. Enzyme Substrate Specificity
References

Chapter 4: Inositol Acylation/Deacylation
I. Abstract
II. Introduction: PI-PLC-Resistant GPI Molecules
III. Variations in Inositol Acylation/Deacylation Among Organisms
IV. Enzymes Involved in Inositol Acylation/Deacylation and Their Functions
V. Perspective and Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 5: Mannosylation
I. Abstract
II. Overview of Biosynthetic Pathway for GPI Mannosylation
III. Dol-P-Man as a Substrate for GPI-Man-Ts
IV. GPI-Mannosyltransferases (GPI-MAN-Ts)
V. Structural Consideration of Glycosyltransferases that use Dol-P-monosaccharides as Donor Substrat
VI. Substrate Specificities and Inhibitors for Mannosylations
VII. GPI Mannosylation-Related Diseases
VIII. Polyprenol-Phosphate-Mannose (PPM)-Dependent Mannosyltransferases in Mycobacteria
IX. Mycobacteria Genes Homologous to Mammalian PIG-M
References

Chapter 6: Phosphoethanolamine Addition to Glycosylphosphatidylinositols
I. Abstract
II. Sites of Etn-P Modification on Protein-Bound and Free GPIs
III. Phosphoethanolamine Donor
IV. Proteins Involved in Etn-P Addition
V. Concluding Remarks
References

Chapter 7: Attachment of a GPI Anchor to Protein
I. Abstract
II. The GPI Signal Sequence
III. The Transamidation Reaction
IV. GPI Transamidase (GPIT)
V. GPI8/Gpi8p
VI. GAA1/Gaa1p
VII. PIG-T/Gpi16p
VIII. PIG-U/Gab1p
IX. PIG-S/Gpi17
X. TTA1 and TTA2
XI. Final Remarks
XII. Future Work
Acknowledgements
References

Chapter 8: Split Topology of GPI Biosynthesis
I. Abstract
II. Synthesis and De-N-Acetylation of GlcNAc-PI Occur on the Cytoplasmic Face of the ER
III. Inositol Acylation Probably Occurs in the ER Lumen
IV. Beyond Inositol Acylation: Later Reactions of GPI Assembly (Mannosylation, Phosphoethanolamine A
V. GlcN-PI Flips Across the ER Membrane During GPI Biosynthesis
VI. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 9: GPIs of Apicomplexan Protozoa
I. Abstract
II. Introduction: Apicomplexan Parasites
III. GPI Structures of Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii
IV. Immunological Functions of Protozoan GPIs
References

Chapter 10: Chemical Synthesis of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchors
I. Abstract
II. Introduction
III. Synthesis of GPI Anchor of VSG of T. brucei
IV. Synthesis of GPI Anchor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast)
V. Synthesis of GPI Anchor of Rat Brain Thy-1
VI. Synthesis of GPI Anchor of P. falciparum
VII. Synthesis of GPI Anchors of Trypanosoma cruzi
VIII. Synthesis of GPI Anchor of CD52
IX. Synthesis of GPI Anchor of Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) of Leishmania parasite
X. Synthesis of GPI Anchor of GIPL of T. cruzi
XI. Other Notable Contributions
XII. Conclusion
References

Chapter 11: GPI-Based Malarial Vaccine: Past, Present, and Future
I. Abstract
II. Introduction to GPI in Malarial Pathogenesis
III. Synthetic GPI as Antitoxic Malarial Vaccine Candidate in a Rodent Model
IV. Synthetic GPI Microarray to Define Antimalarial Antibody Response
V. Synthetic GPI as Tools to Study Malaria Associated Anemia
VI. Conclusion and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 12: Inhibitors of GPI Biosynthesis
I. Abstract
II. Introduction
III. GPI Biosynthesis
IV. GlcNAc Transferase
V. GlcNAc-PI De-N-Acetylase
VI. Inositol Acyltransferase
VII. Mannosylation of GPI Anchor Intermediates
VIII. Mannose Analogs
IX. α1-4-Mannosyltransferase (MT-I)
X. α1-6-Mannosyltransferase (MT-II)
XI. α1-2-Mannosyltransferase (MT-III)
XII. Ethanolamine Phosphate Transferases
XIII. Inositol Deacylation
XIV. GPI Lipid Remodelling
XV. GPI Transamidase
XVI. Species-Specific Modifications to the Core GPI Structure
XVII. Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 13: Transport of GPI-Anchored Proteins: Connections to Sphingolipid and Sterol Transport
I. Abstract
II. ER Exit of GPI-Anchored Proteins
III. Sorting of GPI-Anchored Proteins upon ER Exit
IV. Defects in GPI-Anchored Protein Trafficking and Folding
V. GPI-Anchored Protein and Lipid Traffic
VI. Parallels and Differences between Yeast and Mammalian Cells
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 14: Mechanisms of Polarized Sorting of GPI-anchored Proteins in Epithelial Cells
I. Abstract
II. Introduction
III. Secretory Pathway and Polarized Sorting
IV. Site of Sorting and Routes to the Surface
V. Regulation of Membrane Traffic
VI. Conclusion/Perspectives
References

Chapter 15: GPI Proteins in Biogenesis and Structure of Yeast Cell Walls
I. Abstract
II. Fungal GPI-Anchored Proteins and the Cell Wall: General Introduction
III. A Brief History of the Discovery of Fungal GPI Proteins in Yeast Cell Walls
IV. Structure of Yeast Cell Walls
V. Ordered Cell Wall Assembly and Addition of GPI Proteins
VI. Phylogenetics of GPI-Cell Wall Transglycosylation
VII. Roles of GPIs in Biogenesis of GPI-Cell Wall Cross-Links
VIII. Surface Display in Yeast
IX. Summary
References

Chapter 16: Inherited GPI Deficiency
I. Abstract
II. Introduction
III. Disorders of GPI Deficiency
IV. A Tentative Model of Transcriptional Control of PIG-M by Sp1 and its Dysregulation in IGD
V. IGD: Questions and Perspectives
Acknowledgment
References

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Tags: Anant Menon, Peter Orlean, Taroh Kinoshita, Fuyuhiko Tamanoi, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol