Group Problem Solving 1st edition by Patrick Laughlin 9781400836673 1400836670

Chapter One: Basic Concepts in Group Problem Solving

• Group Task, Structure, Process, and Product

• Interpersonal Influence Processes

• Group Tasks

  • Additive, Compensatory, Conjunctive, Disjunctive, and Complementary

  • Divisible and Unitary

  • Maximizing and Optimizing

  • Intellective and Judgmental

• Summary

• Laboratory Experimental Research on Group Problem Solving

• Overview of Chapters

Chapter Two: Social Combination Models

• Marjorie Shaw’s Classic Study

• Experimental Designs

• The Lorge and Solomon Model A

• The Lorge and Solomon Model A as an Application of the Binomial Theorem

• Smoke and Zajonc: Group Decision Schemes

• Thomas and Fink: Extension to More Than Two Response Alternatives

• Davis: Social Decision Scheme Theory

• Model Testing and Model Fitting

• Summary

Chapter Three: Memory and Group Problem Solving

• Recognition Memory

• Transactive Memory

  • No Communication During Learning or Retrieval

  • Communication During Retrieval

  • Communication During Learning and Retrieval

• Nine Propositions

• Cognitive Interdependence and Convergent Expectations

• Shared and Unshared Information

  • Optimal Assignment of Items to Members

  • Shared and Unshared Knowledge

• Information Sampling Model

• Solving a Problem Versus Making a Judgment

• Social Validation of Information

• Common Knowledge Effect

• Group Judgment

• Group Choice

• Jury Memory

• Summary

Chapter Four: Group Ability Composition on World Knowledge Problems

• English Vocabulary

• General Achievement

• Remote Verbal Associations

• Homogeneity and Heterogeneity of Group Member Ability

• Conclusions on Group Ability Composition

Chapter Five: Collective Induction

• An Inductive Rule-Learning Task

• Collective Versus Individual Induction: Effects of Increasing Evidence

• Collective Versus Individual Induction: Effects of Increasing Hypotheses

• Collective Induction with Increasing Hypotheses and Increasing Evidence

• Positive Hypothesis Tests and Negative Hypothesis Tests

• Simultaneous Collective and Individual Induction

• Social Combination Processes

• A Theory of Collective Induction

• Collective Induction in Competitive Auctions

Chapter Six: Letters-to-Numbers Problems

• Letters-to-Numbers Problems

• Letters-to-Numbers Strategies

  • Two-Letter Substitution Strategy

  • Multiletter Substitution Strategy

  • Known Answer Strategy

  • Combined Known Answer and Multiletter Substitution Strategy

• Groups Perform Better than the Best Individuals

  • Trials to Solution

  • Letters Per Equation

  • Letters Identified Per Equation

  • Two-Letter Substitution Strategy

  • Known Answer Strategy

• Summary of Results

• Discussion

  • Groups Perform Better than the Best Individuals: Informative Equations and Effective Strategies

  • Five Instruction Conditions

  • Trials to Solution

  • Equations with Minimal Letters

  • Groups Perform Better than the Best Individuals: Effects of Group Size

  • Previous Research on Group Size on Intellective Tasks

  • Experimental Design

  • Trials to Solution

• Why Do Groups Perform Better than the Best Individuals on Letters-to-Numbers Problems?

Chapter Seven: Group-to-Individual Problem-Solving Transfer

• Specific Transfer

  • Analogies

  • Mathematical Problems

• General Transfer

  • Mathematical Problems

  • Brainteasers

  • Logical Implication

• Four Issues in Group-to-Individual Transfer

• Design

• Summary

Chapter Eight: Social Choice Theory

• Basic Concepts of Social Choice Theory

  • Motions (Alternatives) and Preference Orders

  • For-Against Matrices

• Sequential Pairwise Voting and the Paradox of Voting

• Runoff Elections

• Rank Order Voting

• Approval Voting

• The Median Voter Theorem

• Condorcet Jury Theorem

• Experimental Evidence for Social Choice Theory

  • The Median Voter Theorem

  • Agenda Influence

  • Condorcet Jury Theorem

  • Successive Majorities in a Hierarchical System

  • A Remarkable Concurrence

• Social Choice Theory and Group Problem Solving: The Constitutional Convention of 1787

Chapter Nine: Conclusions

• Generalizations

• Retrospective and Prospective