Heart Disease and the Surgical Patient 1st Edition by Simon Howell, Chris Pepper, Donat R Spahn ISBN 0849340918 9780849340918

Heart Disease and the Surgical Patient 1st Edition by Simon Howell, Chris Pepper, Donat R Spahn – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0849340918, 9780849340918
Full download Heart Disease and the Surgical Patient 1st Edition after payment

Product details:

ISBN 10: 0849340918 
ISBN 13: 9780849340918
Author: Simon Howell, Chris Pepper, Donat R Spahn

Cardiac complications are a leading cause of death after surgery. This all-inclusive guide examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of perioperative myocardial injury and infarction, and provides an expert assessment of the latest methods and strategies for the optimal care of these patients.

Heart Disease and the Surgical Patient 1st Table of contents:

1. Epidemiology of Perioperative Cardiac Complications
Introduction
Individual Risk Vs. Population Burden of Disease
Predicting Perioperative Risk
Preoperative Guidelines
Diagnosing Perioperative Myocardial Infarction
What Constitutes A Significant Perioperative Cardiac Troponin Rise?
Outcome After Perioperative Myocardial Infarction
Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
Conclusion
References
2. Pathophysiology of Ischemic Heart Disease
Introduction
Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation—An Overview
Role of Lipoproteins
Initial Events in Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation—Fatty Streak Formation
Monocyte and Macrophage Recruitment
Plaque Composition and Lesion Progression
Nature of the Inflammatory Stimulus
Role of Platelets and Thrombosis
Plaque Instability
Pathological-Clinical Correlates
Conclusion
References
3. Management of Ischemic Heart Disease
Introduction
Presentation of Myocardial Ischemia
Chronic Stable Angina
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Diagnostic Considerations
Clinical Assessment
Exercise Electrocardiogram
Coronary Angiography
Functional Imaging Modalities
Indications
Therapeutic Considerations
Medical Treatment of Angina
β-Blockers
Calcium Antagonists
Nitrates
Nicorandil
Ivabradine
Combination Drug Therapy for Angina
Antithrombotic Therapy
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Heparin
Glycoprotein 2b3a Inhibitors
Revascularization
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Preventative Cardiology
Smoking
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome
References
4. Mechanisms of Perioperative Myocardial Injury
Introduction
Coronary Atherosclerosis
Coronary Plaque
Coronary Thrombosis
Inflammation
Triggers of Myocardial Injury
Diagnosis of Perioperative Myocardial Injury
Myocardial Ischemia
Myocardial Infarction
Characteristics of Perioperative Myocardial Injury
Electrocardiogram
Cardiac Troponin
Angiography
Pathology
Preventive Measures
Factors Associated with Postoperative Myocardial Ischemia
Interventions Associated with Improved Perioperative Cardiac Outcome
β-Adrenoceptor Antagonists
α2-Adrenoceptor Agonists
Aspirin
Statins
Mechanisms of Perioperative Myocardial Injury
Pathophysiology of the Postoperative Period
Stress-Induced Perioperative Myocardial Injury
Plaque Rupture-Induced Perioperative Myocardial Injury
Symbiosis of Mechanisms of Perioperative Myocardial Injury
Conclusions
References
5. Stunning, Hibernation, Preconditioning, Postconditioning, and the Effects of Anesthetic Drugs
Introduction
Stunning
Anesthetic Agents and Stunning
Hibernation
Myocardial Preconditioning
Ischemic Preconditioning
Mechanisms of Ischemic Preconditioning
Pharmacological Preconditioning
Mechanisms of Anesthetic Preconditioning
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevoflurane
Myocardial Preconditioning: Role of Opioids
Clinical Relevance of Preconditioning
Spontaneous Ischemic Preconditioning
Preconditioning in Interventional Cardiology
Preconditioning in Cardiac Surgery
Interactions Between Drugs and Preconditioning
Postconditioning
Conclusions
References
6. Preoperative Assessment
Introduction
Clinical Predictors
Risk Factors
Functional Capacity
Risk Factors Associated with Surgery
Previous Ischemia
Diabetes Mellitus
Vascular Surgery
Previous Coronary Revascularization
Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Previous Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Pharmacological Pretreatment
Antiplatelet Agents
Aspirin or Acetylsalicylic Acid
Clopidogrel
Antagonists Against Glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa
β-Blockers
Chronic β-Blockade
Alternative Perioperative Cardioprotection
Algorithm
Conclusions
References
7. Cardioprotection by Modulation of the Adrenergic System
Introduction
Adrenergic Activity in the Heart: A Double-Edged Sword
Implications for Perioperative Medicine
Principles of Adrenergic Signaling and Function in the Heart
Sympatho-Modulatory Therapeutic Strategies in Current Clinical Practice
Cardioprotection by Systemic Medication
β-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists
Basic Mechanisms and Cardiovascular Effects
Clinical Aspects and Considerations
Reluctant Use of Perioperative β-Blockers
Clinical and Economic Benefits from Perioperative β-Blockade
α2-Adrenoreceptor Agonists (α2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists)
Basic Mechanisms and Cardiovascular Effects
Clinical Aspects and Considerations
Cardioprotection by Regional Anesthesia
General Comments
Spinal Anesthesia
Basic Aspects
Clinical Aspects and Considerations
Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia
Basic Aspects
Clinical Aspects
Combining Sympatho-modulatory Cardioprotective Strategies
Genetic Modulation of Adrenergic Activity: the New Age of Human Genomics
Adrenergic Genetics and Genomics
Clinically Relevant Polymorphisms
What Can We Learn from Adrenergic Genomics?
Conclusions
Current Developments in Perioperative Beta-Blocker Research (Note Added in Proof)
References
8. Intraoperative Management of the Patient with Ischemic Heart Disease
The Problem
Influence of Anesthetic Technique
Regional Anesthesia
Glycemic Control
Temperature
Perioperative Optimization and Monitoring
Management of Intraoperative Ischemia
Immediate Hemodynamic Management
Early Antithrombotic Management
Late Definitive Management
Conclusions
References
9. Diagnosis of Perioperative Ischemia and Infarction
Introduction
Background
Myocardial Ischemia, Infarction, and Hibernation
Supply Ischemia
Demand Ischemia
Consequences of Ischemia
Stunning and Hibernation
Perioperative Ischemia
Laboratory Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
Creatine Kinase
Troponins
Myoglobin
B-Type (Brain) Natriuretic Peptide
Genetic Basis of Coronary Artery Disease
Preoperative Detection of Myocardial Ischemia/Infarction History and Physical Examination
Electrocardiography
Lead Placement
Repolarization (ST-T Wave) Abnormalities
Ambulatory Electrocardiography
Stress Testing
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Modalities
Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography
Echocardiography
Contrast Echocardiography
Radionuclide Ventriculography
Positron Emission Tomography
Coronary Angiography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Intraoperative Detection of Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction
Intraoperative Electrocardiographic Analysis
Pulmonary Artery Catheters
Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography
Comparison of Various Modalities
Postoperative Detection of Myocardial Ischemia/Infarction
Summary
References
10. Management of Perioperative Ischemia and Infarction
Introduction
Pathophysiology of Ischemia and Infarction
Definitions
Assessment of Risk
General Measures in the Management of Ischemia Or Infarction
Balancing Risks
Importance of the Ecg in Guiding Treatment
Management of Stemi
Pci for Stemi
Thrombolysis
Adjunctive Drug Treatment for STEMI
Aspirin in STEMI
Clopidogrel in STEMI
GP IIb/IIIa Antagonists in STEMI
Heparins in STEMI
Other Anti-thrombin Agents in STEMI
Beta-Blockers in STEMI
Calcium Antagonists in STEMI
Nitrates in STEMI
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in STEMI
Statins in STEMI
Management of Non-St-Segment Elevation Mi/Ua
Drug Treatment of NSTEMI /UA
Nitrates
Aspirin in UA and NSTEMI
Clopidogrel in UA and NSTEMI
Heparin in UA and NSTEMI
GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in UA and NSTEMI
Bivalirudin in UA and NSTEMI
Beta-Blockers in UA and NSTEMI
Calcium-Antagonists in UA and NSTEMI
Statins
Pci for Ua/Nstemi
Management of Heart Failure Associated with Acute Ischemia Or Infarction
Oxygenation
Optimization of Filling Pressures
Inotropes
Intra-aortic Balloon Pump
Summary
References
11. Arrhythmias and the Surgical Patient
Introduction
Epidemiology
Incidence
Risk Factors
Mechanisms
Substrate
Triggers
Diagnosis
Narrow Complex Tachycardia
Broad Complex Tachycardia
Specific Tachyarrhythmias
Atrial Fibrillation
Preoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Peri- and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Prophylaxis of Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter and Tachycardia
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Preexcitation and the Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome
Ventricular Arrhythmias
Ventricular Ectopy and Nonsustained VT
Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Torsades de Pointes
Perioperative Bradycardia
Conclusions
References
12. Heart Failure and the Surgical Patient
Introduction
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Considerations
Diagnosis
Functional Capacity
Arrhythmias and Left Atrial Function
Diastolic Dysfunction and Diastolic Heart Failure
Acute Heart Failure
Right Ventricular Failure
Preoperative Risk Assessment and Anesthesia Management
Therapy
Chronic Heart Failure
Acute Perioperative Heart Failure
Conclusion
References
13. Adult Congenital Heart Disease and the Surgical Patient
Introduction
Classification of Congenital Heart Disease
Pathophysiology of Congenital Heart Disease
Cyanosis and Hyperviscosity
Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Mixing Lesions and the Balanced Circulation
Ventricular Function
Arrythmias
Psychosocial Considerations
Specific Lesions
Tetralogy of Fallot
Atrial Septal Defect
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Atrial Repair
Rastelli Operation
Arterial Switch Operation
Noncardiac Surgery in Patients with Transposition of the Great Arteries
Palliative Surgery
Single Ventricle
Absent Atrioventricular Connection
Double Inlet Ventricle
Noncardiac Surgery in Patients with Single Ventricles and Mixing Lesions
Cavopulmonary Connections (e.g., Fontan and Glenn Circulations)
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Assessment of Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Who Require Noncardiac Surgery
Management
Monitoring
Ventilation
Endocarditis
Further Reading
References
14. Management of Concomitant Carotid and Coronary Disease
Introduction
Prevalence and Impact of Coronary Disease in Patients with Carotid Stenosis
Assessment of Coronary Risk in the Patient with Carotid Disease
The Impact of Carotid Disease on Stroke During and Following CABG
Screening for Carotid Disease Prior to CABG
Selection of Patients Requiring Carotid Endarterectomy
Management of the Patient Requiring Surgery for an Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Management of Patients Requiring Surgery for a Symptomatic Stenosis and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
The Role of Minimally Invasive Procedures
Conclusions
References
15. Urgent or Semiurgent Surgery in Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Disease
Introduction and Definitions
Stable Chronic Coronary Artery Disease
Acute Coronary Syndromes (Unstable Angina and Evolving Myocardial Infarction)
Risk Factors of the Operation
Perioperative Cardioprotection
Antithrombotic Drugs
Aspirin or Acetylsalicylic Acid
Tienopyridines (Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine)
GPIIb/IIIa Inhibitors (Abciximab,Tirofiban, Eptifibatide)
Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) and Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)
Use of Antithrombotic Drugs in Patients with CAD
Urgent Surgery and Antiplatelet Drugs
β-Adrenergic Antagonists
Coronary Revascularization
Algorithm
Strategies for Urgent Or Semiurgent Operations
Life-Saving Procedures
Emergencies Requiring Surgery within 48 Hours
Patients with Severe Chronic CAD
Patients Shortly After Revascularization
Patients with Untreated ACS
Operations within 48 Hours of A Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Or Thrombolysis
Operations with A Delay of Two Weeks Or Less
Operations with A Delay Between Two and Six Weeks
Anesthesia Care
Neuraxial Blockade
Volatile Agents
Postoperative Care
Conclusions
References
16. Anesthetic Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease in Noncardiac Surgery
Introduction
Aortic Stenosis
Pathophysiology
Perioperative Management
Preoperative Assessment and Medication
Anesthetic Management
Specific Monitoring
Aortic Regurgitation
Pathophysiology
Perioperative Management
Preoperative Assessment and Medication
Anesthetic Management
Specific Monitoring
Mitral Stenosis
Pathophysiology
Perioperative Management
Preoperative Assessment and Medication
Anesthetic Management
Specific Monitoring
Mitral Regurgitation
Pathophysiology
Perioperative Management
Preoperative Assessment and Medication
Anesthetic Management
Specific Monitoring
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Pathophysiology
Perioperative Management
Preoperative Assessment and Medication
Anesthetic Management
Tricuspid Stenosis
Pathophysiology and Perioperative Management
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Pathophysiology
Perioperative Management
Preoperative Assessment and Medication
Anesthetic Management
Management of Patients with Prosthetic Valves
References
17. Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Introduction
Cardiovascular Risk Estimation
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Lifestyle Modification
Smoking
Weight Reduction
Physical Activity
Diet
Hypertension
Blood Pressure Thresholds for Intervention with Drug Therapy
Selection of Drug Therapy
Hyperlipidemia
Lipid Assessment
Triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol, and Non-HDL-Cholesterol
Management of Blood Lipids
Hyperlipidemia Drug Therapy
Statins
Fibrates
Anion Exchange Resins
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Nicotinic Acid
ω-3 (n-3) Fatty Acids
Diabetes and Blood Glucose
Assessment of Plasma Glucose
Prevention of Diabetes
Blood Pressure, Lipids, and Glucose in Diabetes
Blood Pressure
Lipids
Glycemic Control in Diabetes
Aspirin Therapy
Primary Prevention of Chd Based on Family History
Anesthetists in Primary and Secondary Prevention
References
18. Conclusions and the Future

People also search for Heart Disease and the Surgical Patient 1st:

heart disease and the surgical patient
    
9 signs of heart disease
    
4th heart valve replacement
    
surgery with heart problems
    
1 heart valve

Tags: Simon Howell, Chris Pepper, Donat R Spahn, Heart Disease, Surgical Patient