Heresy in Late Medieval Germany The Inquisitor Petrus Zwicker and the Waldensians 1st Edition by Reima Välimäki 1903153867 9781903153864

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ISBN 10: 1903153867

ISBN 13: 9781903153864

Author: Reima Välimäki

In the final years of the fourteenth century, waves of persecution shattered German-speaking Waldensian communities, with the scale of inquisitions matching or even greater than the better-known trials in southern France. In the middle of the persecution was the influential and enigmatic figure of the Celestine provincial and inquisitor of heresy, Petrus Zwicker (d.after 1404).
His surviving texts and inquisition protocols offer a fresh, intriguing picture of the medieval repression of heresy. Zwicker was an accurate and intelligent interrogator with direct access to the Waldensians’ sources and knowledge. But although he is one of the most effective inquisitors of the MiddleAges, he was even more important as the author of anti-heretical texts. His Cum dormirent homines became a standard work on Waldensianism in the fifteenth century (and this study attributes another anti-heretical treatise,the Refutatio errorum, to him). With his unique biblicist and pastoral style, Zwicker struck the right note at a moment when the Church was in crisis. His texts spread rapidly, they were preached to the people and translated into German, and helped to build the fear of heresy, anti-clericalism and disobedience in the years of the Great Western Schism.
This book is the first full-length study on Zwicker and his significance to the history of heresy and its repression. It offers a meticulous analysis of the sources left by him and teases out new, ground-breaking discoveries from careful examination of previously poorly known manuscripts.

Dr REIMA VALIMAKI isa postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Cultural History, University of Turku

Heresy in Late Medieval Germany The Inquisitor Petrus Zwicker and the Waldensians 1st Table of contents:

1 Petrus Zwicker and the Career of an Inquisitor at the Turn of the Fifteenth Century

2 The Inquisitor Writes

The Refutatio errorum: a draft-like treatise on Waldensians

Different redactions of the Refutatio errorum

Structure of the Refutatio errorum

On purgatory

Boethius and Pseudo-Ezekiel

The Cum dormirent homines: polemical biblicism

Auctoritas and authorities in late medieval culture

New institutions

Sicut verba sonant: monastic and scholastic versus literal dissident reading

Polemics for the Church in crisis

3 The Inquisitor’s Practice and his Legacy

The texts in the enigmatic collection Processus Petri

Waldensians and how to interrogate them

De vita et conversacione

Articuli Waldensium

The remains of Zwicker’s manual in Austria

The transformation of the inquisitor’s manual

The last revisions and a priest sentenced after a copying mistake

4 Communicating Faith

Inquisitor as preacher and performer

Citations and public penance

From polemics to pastoral theology: Ulrich von Pottenstein

Johlín of Vodňany: preaching and propaganda against Waldensians in Bohemia

5 The Dissidents, the Clergy and the Church

Virgin Mary venerated and denigrated

The clergy devalued, the clergy elevated

The worst priest and the holiest layman

The absence of the Schism

Epilogue: The Consolation of Inquisition

Appendix 1: Manuscript Descriptions

Appendix 2: Chapters and Titles of the Cum dormirent homines according to Jacob Gretser (1613/77)

Appendix 3: The Circulation of the Processus Petri together with the Cum dormirent homines

Appendix 4: Inquisitors’ Manuals of St Florian and Linz

Appendix 5: Collation of Formularies in St Florian, MS XI 234 and Würzburg, UB MS M. ch. f. 51

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