International Migration in the Age of Crisis and Globalization Historical and Recent Experiences 1st Edition by Andres Solimano 0521194253 9780521194259

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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 0521194253 

ISBN 13: 9780521194259

Author: Andres Solimano 

Table of contents: 

1. Introduction: Understanding the Trends, Themes, and Strata of International Migration
1.1 International Migration: Incentives and Drive Face Barriers
a. People Are Now Migrating Internationally in Patterns that Differ from Historical Patterns
b. Free Immigration Has Evolved into Visas, Walls, Deportation
1.2 Eight Critical Themes Underscore the International Migration Process
a. Critical Theme I: Why Is International Migration Such a Contentious Issue and Internal Consensus So Difficult to Reach?
b. Critical Theme II: Migration Flows Have Flourished in Periods of Capital Mobility and Globalization, and Have Declined in Periods of Crisis and Economic and Political Nationalism
c. Critical Theme III: Migration as a Consequence and Mitigation of Income Disparities in Our Global Society
d. Critical Theme IV: Are Goods and Capital More Important in Globalization than People?
e. Critical Theme V: Why Are Talented Elites More Internationally Mobile than Workers?
f. Critical Theme VI: Don’t Always “Blame” the North: International Migration Is also a Response to Economic and Political Failures in the South
g. Critical Theme VII: The Rise of Irregular Migration and the Fragmentation of Global Labor Markets
h. Critical Theme VIII: A Multilateral Framework for Regulating International Migration?
1.3 Setting the Stage: A Brief Tour of the Book
2. Why People Move or Stay Put: International Migration Is the Result of Compelling and Conflicting Factors
2.1 Cross-Country Income Differentials throughout the World Are Wider than Ever
2.2 People Need to Make More Money for Their Families: Remittances That Are Sent Back Home
2.3 Immigrants Want a Better Standard of Living: Social Services, Safe Communities, Healthy Environment, and Overall Security
2.4 Communal “Ties” May Precede Economics in the Decision to Migrate
2.5 Beyond National Comparisons: Buoyant Cities and Mega-Regions Attract Migrants
2.6 Economic and Financial Crises in Developing and Wealthy Nations Are a Macroeconomic Catalyst for Migration Flows
2.7 Political Instability, Civil War, and the Dissolution of Empires Force or Compel People to Migrate
a. Recent History Provides Compelling Examples of Political Migration
2.8 Why People Might Not Migrate: Migration Entails Financial, Family, and Social Costs
2.9 Concluding Remarks about Why People Migrate
3. What Happens When International Migration Happens? The Dilemmas Posed by Migration
3.1 Dilemma I: Illegal Migration – A Conflict between Economic Logic and the Law? Does Economic Logic also Conflict with Immigrants’ Rights?
a. How Effective Are Immigration Restrictions?
b. All Immigrants Face a Marginalizing Set of Rights
3.2 Dilemma II: Does a Country Export People or Import Capital? Or Do People and Capital Move in Tandem?
a. Instability
b. Economic Opportunity
c. Natural Resources
3.3 Dilemma III: Are Income Convergence and Restricted Migration Compatible?
a. The Magnitude and Speed of Wage Convergence across Countries Will Depend on the Size of Migration
3.4 Dilemma IV: Does Immigration Boost Economic Growth in Destination Countries?
3.5 Dilemma V: Does Emigration Retard Growth in Origin Countries? Brain-Drain Effects
3.6 Dilemma VI: Are Remittances the Only Benefit of “Exported” People for the Origin Country? Or Can a Brain Drain Ultimately Have Positive Effects?
a. At a Macroeconomic Level, Remittances from Migrants Are Currently a Growing and Relatively Stable, Market-Based “External” Source of Developmental Financing
3.7 The New Developmental Effects of Migratory Talent Can Supersede the “Brain Drain” If Return Migration and Diaspora Contacts Are Present
a. Return Migration Is Not Yet a Guarantee
b. Depredatory Migration: The Medical Brain Drain
c. Brain Circulation: The Case of International Students
3.8 Concluding Remarks about What Happens When People Migrate
4. How Empires, Policy Regimes, and Economic Imperatives Influenced the Mobility of Capital and People in the 20th Century
4.1 The Patterns of Capital and Labor Mobility Confirm Their Parallel Movement
4.2 1870–1914: Economic Liberalism in the Era of Empires Propelled the First Wave of Globalization for Labor and Capital Markets
4.3 Global Capital Markets Moved Freely, Expanding Global Commerce and Transactions
a. London Was the World’s Financial Center
4.4 Capital Flows Drove Labor Flows
4.5 Migration Patterns to Resource-Rich, Higher-Wage Countries: Who They Were and Why They Migrated
a. Liberal Immigration Policies and Politics Gradually Became More Restrictive toward the End of the Period, Affecting Migration Patterns
4.6 1913–1945: Deglobalization: Economic Instability and Political Turbulence Disrupted Global Markets and Restricted Immigration Flows
a. Global Capital Markets Were Disrupted
b. A Backlash against Globalization Restricted Immigration Flows but Did Drive Political Migration
4.7 Rising Nationalism Was an Important Determinant of Migration Flows during the Period
4.8 1945–1971/73: Reconstruction and the Bretton Woods Era Brought Stability to Incipient Capital Mobility and Provided a Basis for Accelerating Immigration in Today’s World
4.9 1971/73–Today: The Second Wave of Globalization – Floating, Freer Capital Mobility Has Been Accompanied by Rising Migration
4.10 Capital Flows in the Second Wave of Globalization Have a Different Direction, Composition, and Origin than in the First Wave
a. Managed Migration Has Yielded to Growing Pressures for People’s Mobility
4.11 Concluding Remarks about the Historical Analysis of Capital and Labor Mobility
5. Latin America: Where Volatile Economic Development, Political Crises, Poverty, and Remittance Income Is a Laboratory for Studying the Determinants of International Migration
5.1 The Developmental Gaps between Latin America and Europe and the New World Have Reversed since the 19th Century
a. Argentina in Focus: The Country Has Reversed Its Course from Massive European Immigration to Emigration to Europe
b. Emigration from Latin America Is Outpacing Immigration in the Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries
c. Emigration from Latin America and the Caribbean Is Primarily to One Destination County – the United States
5.2 The Socio-demographic Characteristics of Latin American Migration: Women and Educated Persons Are Two Prominent Groups
5.3 The Emigration of Elites: The Disproportionate Numbers Beg for Action from the Global Community
5.4 The Determinants of Migration to, from, and within Latin America Mirror Those throughout the Developing World
a. Developmental Gaps Are Persistent in Latin America
b. Growth Crises and Financial Crises Are Endemic in Latin America
c. Political Crises and Internal Violence Are also Serious in Latin America
5.5 Remittances in Latin America: The Money Emigrants Send Back Home Is a Prominent Source of Financing for the Domestic Economies of Origin Countries
a. Remittances Affect Economic Development in Latin America in Diverse Ways
b. Remittances Are Used for Current Spending, Durable Goods Purchases, and Education
c. Remittances Seem to Reduce Poverty, but Evidence Is Mixed on the Extent to which They Do So
5.6 Concluding Remarks about the Latin American Experience
6. Who Migrates and What They Offer: A Focus on People and Elites with Talent, Knowledge, and Entrepreneurial Skills
6.1 The Concept of Elites
6.2 The Value of Talent and the Value of Political Connections – Each Has Economic Rewards to Elites
6.3 Inside the Talented Elite: A Variety of International Market Destinations Exist for Different Types of Talent
a. Where Productive Talent Moves
b. Scientific Talent: Where Academics, Scientists, and International Students Move
c. Where Health and Cultural Talent Moves
d. Mobility in International Public Organizations
e. Mobility in Multinational Corporations and International Banks
6.4 The International Market for Talent Is Characterized by a Concentration of Rewards among a Few
a. Winners-Take-All Market Theory in Talent Markets
6.5 Talent Concentrates in the North because the Costs Are as Attractive as Its Rewards
a. Earnings Differences and Developmental Gaps in the South Are Large
b. The Concentration of Talent, Capital, and Technology Can Reach a Critical Mass
c. Driving Away Talented Elites Are the Costs of Doing Business, Distorted Rewards, and Rent-Seeking in Origin Countries
d. Special Immigration Policies Can Attract Foreign Talent
6.6 The Return Flow: Concentration in the North, Talent Circulation and Outsourcing
6.7 Empirical Evidence Shows that Talented Elites Will Be Going to Economies that Are at the Top of the Developmental Ladder
6.8 The Use of Talent Is Another Way to Look at Its Distribution in the Global Economy
a. The Number of Nobel Prizes in the Sciences Is Another Measure
6.9 A Much More Even Distribution of International Talent Is Devoted to Culture and the Arts
6.10 Concluding Remarks about the Mobility of Talented Elites
7. A Fair and Orderly International Migration Process Requires a Global Social Contract
7.1 Recap of Some of the Main Themes
7.2 Where Do We Go from Here?
7.3 The Institutional Vacuum Should Be Filled – What an International Organization Can (and Can’t) Do

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