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Introducing Physical Geography 6th Edition by Alan Strahler 9781118396209 1118396200

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Author(s): Alan H. Strahler
ISBN(s): 9781118396209, 1118396200
Edition: 6th
File Details: PDF, 253.29 MB
Year: 2013
Language: english
SKU: EB-5441292 Category: Tag:

Introducing Physical Geography 6th Edition by Alan Strahler – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9781118396209, 1118396200

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ISBN 10: 1118396200

ISBN 13: 9781118396209

Author: Alan H. Strahler

The 6th edition of Introducing Physical Geography is known for its clear writing, distinctive photos and illustrations and a strong supplements program. The text continues its tradition as a great book to help non-science readers visualize and understand earth processes and learn the basic language of physical geography. The new edition features a strengthened “Eye on Global Change” coverage and coverage of the geographer’s tool box.

Table of contents:

  1. Introduction: Physical Geography and the Tools Geographers Use
  2. Introducing Geography
  3. Human and Physical Geography
  4. Spheres, Systems, and Cycles
  5. The Spheres—Four Great Earth Realms
  6. Scale, Pattern, and Process
  7. Systems in Physical Geography
  8. Time Cycles
  9. Physical Geography, Environment, and Global Change
  10. Global Climate Change
  11. The Carbon Cycle
  12. Biodiversity
  13. Pollution
  14. Extreme Events
  15. Tools in Physical Geography
  16. Maps and Cartography
  17. Map Projections
  18. Scales of Globes and Maps
  19. Small-Scale and Large-Scale Maps
  20. Conformal and Equal-Area Maps
  21. Information Content of Maps
  22. Map Symbols
  23. Presenting Numerical Data on Thematic Maps
  24. The Global Positioning System
  25. Geographic Information Systems
  26. Spatial Objects in Geographic Information Systems
  27. Key Elements of a GIS
  28. Remote Sensing for Physical Geography
  29. Colors and Spectral Signatures
  30. Thermal Infrared Sensing
  31. Active Sensing—Radar and Lidar
  32. Digital Imaging
  33. Satellite Orbits
  34. Landsat, Modis, and the Earth Observing System
  35. Earth Visualization Tools
  36. Google Earth
  37. Other Earth Visualization Tools
  38. A Look Ahead
  39. Chapter 1: The Earth as a Rotating Planet
  40. The Shape of the Earth
  41. The Earth’s Rotation
  42. Environmental Effects of the Earth’s Rotation
  43. The Geographic Grid
  44. Parallels and Meridians
  45. Latitude and Longitude
  46. Map Projections
  47. Polar Projection
  48. Mercator Projection
  49. Conformal and Equal-Area Maps
  50. Winkel Tripel Projection
  51. Global Time
  52. Standard Time
  53. World Time Zones
  54. International Date Line
  55. Daylight Saving Time
  56. Precise Timekeeping
  57. The Earth’s Revolution Around the Sun
  58. Motions of the Moon
  59. Tilt of the Earth’s Axis
  60. The Four Seasons
  61. Equinox Conditions
  62. Solstice Conditions
  63. A Look Ahead
  64. Chapter 2: The Earth’s Global Energy Balance
  65. Eye on Global Change: The Ozone Layer—Shield to Life
  66. Electromagnetic Radiation
  67. Radiation and Temperature
  68. Solar Radiation
  69. Characteristics of Solar Energy
  70. Longwave Radiation from the Earth
  71. The Global Radiation Balance
  72. Insolation over the Globe
  73. Daily Insolation through the Year
  74. Annual Insolation by Latitude
  75. World Latitude Zones
  76. Composition of the Atmosphere
  77. Energy Transfer
  78. Sensible and Latent Heat
  79. The Global Energy System
  80. Solar Energy Losses in the Atmosphere
  81. Albedo
  82. Counterradiation and the Greenhouse Effect
  83. Global Energy Budgets of the Atmosphere and Surface
  84. Climate and Global Change
  85. Net Radiation, Latitude, and the Energy Balance
  86. Focus on Remote Sensing: CERES—Clouds and The Earth’s Radiant Energy System
  87. A Look Ahead
  88. Chapter 3: Air Temperature
  89. Eye on Global Change: Carbon Dioxide—On the Increase
  90. Surface and Air Temperature
  91. Surface Temperature
  92. Air Temperature
  93. Temperatures Close to the Ground
  94. Environmental Contrasts: Urban and Rural Temperatures
  95. The Urban Heat Island
  96. High-Mountain Environments
  97. Temperature Inversion
  98. Temperature Indexes
  99. Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere
  100. Troposphere
  101. Stratosphere and Upper Layers
  102. Daily and Annual Cycles of Air Temperature
  103. Land and Water Contrasts
  104. Annual Net Radiation and Temperature Cycles
  105. World Patterns of Air Temperature
  106. Factors Controlling Air Temperature Patterns
  107. World Air Temperature Patterns for January and July
  108. The Temperature Record and Global Warming
  109. The Temperature Record
  110. Global Warming
  111. Consequences of Global Warming
  112. A Look Ahead
  113. Chapter 4: Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
  114. Eye on Global Change: Acid Deposition
  115. Water in the Environment
  116. Properties of Water
  117. Three States of Water
  118. The Hydrosphere
  119. The Hydrologic Cycle
  120. Humidity
  121. Specific Humidity
  122. Dew-Point Temperature
  123. Relative Humidity
  124. Adiabatic Processes
  125. Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate
  126. Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate
  127. Clouds and Fog
  128. Cloud Formation
  129. Cloud Forms
  130. Fog
  131. Focus on Remote Sensing: Observing Clouds from GOES
  132. Precipitation
  133. Formation of Precipitation
  134. Precipitation Processes
  135. Orographic Precipitation
  136. Convective Precipitation
  137. Unstable Air
  138. Types of Precipitation
  139. Rain
  140. Snow
  141. Sleet and Freezing Rain
  142. Hail
  143. Measuring Precipitation
  144. Thunderstorms
  145. Air-Mass Thunderstorms
  146. Lightning
  147. Severe Thunderstorms
  148. Microbursts
  149. Mesoscale Convective Systems
  150. Tornadoes
  151. Tornado Characteristics
  152. Tornado Development
  153. Tornado Destruction
  154. Air Quality
  155. Air Pollutants
  156. Fallout and Washout
  157. Smog and Haze
  158. Inversion and Smog
  159. A Look Ahead
  160. Chapter 5: Winds and Global Circulation
  161. Eye on Global Change: El Niño
  162. Atmospheric Pressure
  163. Measuring Air Pressure
  164. Air Pressure and Altitude
  165. Wind
  166. Pressure Gradients
  167. Local Winds
  168. Wind Power
  169. Cyclones and Anticyclones
  170. The Coriolis Effect
  171. The Frictional Force
  172. Cyclones and Anticyclones
  173. Global Wind and Pressure Patterns
  174. Subtropical High-Pressure Belts
  175. ITCZ and the Monsoon Circulation
  176. Wind and Pressure Features of Higher Latitudes
  177. Winds Aloft
  178. The Geostrophic Wind
  179. Global Circulation at Upper Levels
  180. Jet Streams and the Polar Front
  181. Disturbances in the Jet Stream
  182. Ocean Circulation
  183. Temperature Layers of the Ocean
  184. Surface Currents
  185. EL Niño and ENSO
  186. Pacific Decadal Oscillation
  187. North Atlantic Oscillation
  188. Deep Currents and Thermohaline Circulation
  189. A Look Ahead
  190. Chapter 6: Weather Systems
  191. Eye on Global Change: Cloud Cover, Precipitation, and Global Warming
  192. Air Masses and Fronts
  193. Types of Fronts
  194. Midlatitude Anticyclones and Cyclones
  195. Anticyclones
  196. Cyclones
  197. Midlatitude Cyclones
  198. Midlatitude Cyclones and Upper-Air Disturbances
  199. Cyclone Tracks and Cyclone Families
  200. Cold-Air Outbreaks
  201. Tropical and Equatorial Weather Systems
  202. Tropical Cyclones
  203. Tropical Cyclone Development
  204. Tropical Cyclone Tracks
  205. Impacts of Tropical Cyclones
  206. Focus on Remote Sensing: The Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission
  207. Impacts on Coastal Communities
  208. Poleward Transport of Energy and Moisture
  209. A Look Ahead
  210. Chapter 7: Global Climates and Climate Change
  211. Eye on Global Change: Drought in the African Sahel
  212. Keys to Climate
  213. Global Monthly Temperature Patterns
  214. Global Precipitation Patterns
  215. Global Monthly Precipitation Patterns
  216. Climate Classification
  217. Climate Classification Systems
  218. Climate Groups
  219. Dry, Moist, and Wet-Dry Climates
  220. Highland Climates
  221. Low-Latitude Climates (Group I)
  222. Wet Equatorial Climate 1
  223. Monsoon and Trade-Wind Coastal Climate 2
  224. Wet-Dry Tropical Climate 3
  225. Dry Tropical Climate 4
  226. Midlatitude Climates (Group II)
  227. Dry Subtropical Climate 5
  228. Moist Subtropical Climate 6
  229. The Mediterranean Climate 7
  230. The Marine West-Coast Climate 8
  231. The Dry Midlatitude Climate 9
  232. Moist Continental Climate 10
  233. High-Latitude Climates (Group III)
  234. Boreal Forest Climate 11
  235. The Tundra Climate 12
  236. The Ice Sheet Climate 13
  237. Climate Change
  238. Shifting Climate Characteristics
  239. Weather Variability
  240. Future Challenges and Adaptations
  241. A Look Ahead
  242. Special Supplement: The Köppen Climate System
  243. Chapter 8: Biogeographic Processes
  244. Eye on Global Change: Human Impact on the Carbon Cycle
  245. Energy and Matter Flow in Ecosystems
  246. The Food Web
  247. Photosynthesis and Respiration
  248. Net Primary Production
  249. Biogeochemical Cycles
  250. Ecological Biogeography
  251. Water Need
  252. Temperature
  253. Other Climatic Factors
  254. Geomorphic Factors
  255. Edaphic Factors
  256. Disturbance
  257. Interactions Among Species
  258. Ecological Succession
  259. Succession, Change, and Equilibrium
  260. Focus on Remote Sensing: Remote Sensing of Fires
  261. Historical Biogeography
  262. Evolution
  263. Speciation
  264. Extinction
  265. Dispersal
  266. Distribution Patterns
  267. Biogeographic Regions
  268. Biodiversity
  269. A Look Ahead
  270. Chapter 9: Global Biogeography
  271. Eye on Global Change: Exploitation of the Low-Latitude Rainforest Ecosystem
  272. Natural Vegetation
  273. Structure and Life-Form of Plants
  274. Terrestrial Ecosystems—The Biomes
  275. Biomes, Formation Classes, and Climate
  276. Forest Biome
  277. Low-Latitude Rainforest
  278. Monsoon Forest
  279. Subtropical Evergreen Forest
  280. Midlatitude Deciduous Forest
  281. Needleleaf Forest
  282. Sclerophyll Forest
  283. Deforestation
  284. Savanna and Grassland Biomes
  285. Savanna Biome
  286. Grassland Biome
  287. Desert and Tundra Biomes
  288. Desert Biome
  289. Tundra Biome
  290. Focus on Remote Sensing: Mapping Global Land Cover by Satellite
  291. Climate and Altitude Gradients
  292. Climate Gradients and Biome Types
  293. Altitude Gradients
  294. A Look Ahead
  295. Chapter 10: Global Soils
  296. Eye on Global Change: Global Change and Agriculture
  297. The Nature of the Soil
  298. Introducing the Soil
  299. Soil Color and Texture
  300. Soil Structure
  301. Soil Chemistry
  302. Acidity and Alkalinity
  303. Soil Colloids
  304. Mineral Alteration
  305. Soil Moisture
  306. Soil-Water Storage
  307. Soil-Water Balance
  308. Soil Development
  309. Soil Horizons
  310. Soil-Forming Processes
  311. Factors of Soil Formation
  312. The Global Scope of Soils
  313. Soils Characterized by Maturity
  314. Soils Characterized by Climate
  315. Soils Characterized by Parent Materials
  316. Soils High in Organic Matter
  317. A Look Ahead
  318. Chapter 11: Earth Materials and Plate Tectonics
  319. The Changing Earth
  320. The Timescale for Geologic Change
  321. Forces of Geologic Change
  322. The Structure of the Earth
  323. The Core
  324. The Mantle
  325. The Crust and Lithosphere
  326. Earth Materials and the Cycle of Rock Change
  327. Igneous Rocks
  328. Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
  329. Metamorphic Rocks
  330. The Cycle of Rock Change
  331. Global Topography
  332. Relief Features of the Continents
  333. Focus on Remote Sensing: Mapping the Earth’s Topography from Space
  334. Relief Features of the Ocean Basins
  335. Configuration of the Continents
  336. Plate Tectonics
  337. Extension and Compression
  338. Plates and Boundaries
  339. Continental Rupture and New Ocean Basins
  340. Island Arcs and Collision of Oceanic Lithospheric Plates
  341. Arc-Continent Collision
  342. Continent-Continent Collision
  343. The Wilson Cycle and Supercontinents
  344. The Power Source for Plate Movements
  345. A Look Ahead
  346. Chapter 12: Tectonic and Volcanic Landforms
  347. Eye on Global Change: The Great Tohoku Earthquake of 2011
  348. Tectonic Landforms
  349. Rock Structures of Converging Boundaries
  350. Plate Interiors
  351. Coastal Plains
  352. Faults and Fault Landforms
  353. Earthquakes
  354. Epicenter and Focus
  355. Magnitude
  356. Tectonic Environments of Earthquakes
  357. Subduction-Zone Earthquakes
  358. Transform Boundaries
  359. Volcanic Activity and Landforms
  360. Tectonic Environments of Volcanoes
  361. Volcanic Eruptions
  362. Types of Volcanoes
  363. Focus on Remote Sensing: Remote Sensing of Volcanoes
  364. Hot Springs, Geysers, and Geothermal Power
  365. A Look Ahead
  366. Chapter 13: Weathering and Mass Wasting
  367. Eye on Global Change: The Madison Slide
  368. Weathering
  369. Physical Weathering
  370. Chemical Weathering
  371. Slopes and Slope Processes
  372. Slopes
  373. Slope Stability
  374. Mass Wasting
  375. Creep
  376. Rockfalls and Talus
  377. Slides
  378. Flows
  379. Induced Mass Wasting
  380. A Look Ahead
  381. Chapter 14: Freshwater of the Continents
  382. Eye on Global Change: The Aral Sea
  383. Freshwater and the Hydrologic Cycle
  384. Paths of Precipitation
  385. Groundwater
  386. The Water Table
  387. Aquifers
  388. Limestone Solution by Groundwater
  389. Groundwater Use and Management
  390. Groundwater Withdrawal
  391. Subsidence
  392. Pollution of Groundwater
  393. Surface Water and Streamflow
  394. Overland Flow
  395. Drainage Systems
  396. Stream Channels and Discharge
  397. Flooding
  398. Floodplains
  399. Flood Profiles
  400. Urbanization and Streamflow
  401. Lakes
  402. The Great Lakes
  403. Saline Lakes and Salt Flats
  404. Desert Irrigation
  405. Freshwater as a Natural Resource
  406. Water Access and Supply
  407. Pollution of Surface Water
  408. A Look Ahead
  409. Chapter 15: Landforms Made by Running Water
  410. Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition
  411. Slope Erosion
  412. Sediment Yield
  413. Stream Erosion
  414. Stream Transportation
  415. Deposition
  416. Stream Gradation and Evolution
  417. Stream Gradation
  418. Evolution of Stream Valleys
  419. Focus on Remote Sensing: Canyons from Space
  420. Stream Rejuvenation
  421. Theories of Landscape Evolution
  422. Fluvial Landforms
  423. Meandering Streams and Floodplains
  424. Braided Streams
  425. Deltas
  426. Fluvial Processes in an Arid Climate
  427. Alluvial Fans
  428. Mountainous Deserts
  429. A Look Ahead
  430. Chapter 16: Landforms Made by Waves and Wind
  431. Eye on Global Change: Global Change and Coastal Environments
  432. The Work of Waves and Tides
  433. Waves
  434. Littoral Drift
  435. Wave Refraction
  436. Tides
  437. Tsunamis
  438. Coastal Landforms
  439. Erosional Coastal Landforms
  440. Depositional Coastal Landforms
  441. Coastlines of Submergence
  442. Coral Reefs
  443. Coastal Engineering
  444. Wind Action
  445. Erosion by Wind
  446. Transportation by Wind
  447. Eolian Landforms
  448. Sand Dunes
  449. Types of Dunes
  450. Loess
  451. A Look Ahead
  452. Chapter 17: Glacial and Periglacial Landforms
  453. Eye on Global Change: Ice Sheets, Sea Ice, and Global Warming
  454. Types of Glaciers
  455. Alpine Glaciers
  456. Ice Sheets
  457. Ice Shelves, Sea Ice, and Icebergs
  458. Glacial Processes
  459. Formation of Glaciers
  460. Movement of Glaciers
  461. Glacial Erosion and Deposition
  462. Glacial Landforms
  463. Landforms Made by Alpine Glaciers
  464. Focus on Remote Sensing: Remote Sensing of Glaciers
  465. Landforms Made by Ice Sheets
  466. Human Use of Glacial Landforms
  467. Periglacial Processes and Landforms
  468. Permafrost
  469. Ground Ice and Periglacial Landforms
  470. Human Interactions with Periglacial Environments
  471. Global Climate and Glaciation
  472. History of Glaciation
  473. The Holocene Epoch
  474. Triggering the Ice Age
  475. Cycles of Glaciation
  476. Glaciation and Global Warming
  477. A Look Ahead
  478. Appendix 1: Climate Definitions and Boundaries
  479. Appendix 2: Conversion Factors
  480. Appendix 3: Topographic Map Symbols

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