Jobs for development challenges and solutions in different country settings 1st Edition by Gordon Betcherman, ‎Martin Rama 0198754841 9780198754848

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ISBN 10: 0198754841

ISBN 13: 9780198754848

Author: Gordon Betcherman; ‎Martin Rama

This book is a sequel to the World Bank’s World Development Report 2013: Jobs. The central message of that report was that job creation is at the heart of development. Jobs raise living standards and lift people out of poverty, they contribute to gains in aggregate productivity, and they may even foster social cohesion. In doing so, jobs may have spillovers beyond the private returns they offer to those who hold them. Poverty reduction is arguably a public good, making everybody better off; higher productivity spreads across co-workers, clusters, and cities; and social cohesion improves the outcomes of collective decision-making. But which jobs make the greatest contribution to development and what policies can facilitate the creation of more of these jobs? There is no universal answer – it depends on the country’s level of development, demography, natural endowments, and institutions. This volume explores the diversity of jobs challenges and solutions through case studies of seven developing countries. These countries, drawn from four continents, represent seven different contexts – a small island nation (St. Lucia), a resource-rich country (Papua New Guinea), agrarian (Mozambique), urbanizing (Bangladesh), and formalizing (Mexico) economies, as well as young (Tunisia) and aging (Ukraine) populations. Using methods drawn from several branches of economics and the social sciences more broadly and analyzing a wide range of data, the authors show the different ways in which jobs have contributed to social and economic development in the countries they have studied and how they can contribute in the future. The policy priorities vary accordingly. They often extend well beyond traditional labor market instruments to include policy areas not typically considered in national growth strategies.

Jobs for development challenges and solutions in different country settings 1st Table of contents:

1. The Job Creation Challenge: Across Developing Country Settings

1.1 The Development Payoffs to Jobs

1.2 Priorities for Job Creation

1.3 Good Jobs for Development

1.4 Addressing the Jobs Challenge

2. Mozambique: Jobs and Welfare in an Agrarian Economy

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Data and Methods

2.3 Mozambique in Context

2.4 Connecting Jobs and Development

2.5 Determinants of Jobs Choices

2.6 Policy Implications

2.7 Conclusions

3. Bangladesh: Jobs and Growth in an Urbanizing Economy

3.1 The Ascent of the Poorest

3.2 The Country Context: Initial Pessimism and Subsequent Surprises

3.3 Jobs and Development: Outlining the Analytical Approach

3.4 Jobs and Agricultural Modernization

3.5 Jobs and Non-agricultural Growth

3.6 Urban Growth and Rural Wellbeing

3.7 Jobs and Social Policy for Improved Social Cohesion

3.8 Conclusions

4. Papua New Guinea: Jobs, Poverty, and Resources

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Plenty in the Midst of Poverty

4.3 Understanding the Jobs Challenge

4.4 The Quality of Jobs in the Resource Sector

4.5 Jobs in the Resource Project Cycle

4.6 Conclusion: The Possibilities of Policy

5. St Lucia: Jobs and Integration of a Small-Island Nation

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Job Challenges in a Small-Island Nation

5.3 An Overview of the St Lucian Economy since 1995

5.4 Labor Market Effects of Economic Change

5.5 Constraints to Transformation

5.6 Policies to Address St Lucia’s Jobs Challenges

6. Mexico: Formalizing the Labor Market

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Framework for Social Protection

6.3 The Labor Market

6.4 Why Has Social Security Coverage Remained So Low?

6.5 Summary and Conclusions

7. Tunisia: Jobs to Combat High Youth Unemployment

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Labor Market Characteristics

7.3 Jobs and Living Standards

7.4 Productivity and Jobs

7.5 Summary and Policy Diagnosis

8. Jobs for an Aging Society

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Demographic Change and its Implications for the Ukrainian Labor Market

8.3 Jobs Through the Lens of Living Standards, Productivity, and Social Cohesion

8.4 Examples of Good Jobs for Development in Ukraine

8.5 Obstacles to Doing Business and Creating Jobs in Ukraine

8.6 Policy Implications

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