Laparoscopic Surgery Principles and Procedures Second Edition by Daniel B Jones ISBN 0824746228 9780824746223

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ISBN 10: 0824746228 

ISBN 13: 9780824746223

Author: Daniel B. Jones

Table of contents: 

Part I General Principles
1 The Laparoscopic Revolution
I. Historical Perspective
II. Diagnostic Laparoscopy And Thoracoscopy
III. Therapeutic Laparoscopy And Thoracoscopy
IV. Laparoscopy In General Surgery
Selected Readings
2 Patient Selection and Preparation
I. Introduction
II. Preoperative Evaluation
III. Contraindications To Laparoscopic Surgery
A. Absolute Contraindications
B. Relative Contraindications
IV. Considerations In Specific Patient Populations
A. The Pediatric Population
B. The Geriatric Population
C. The Obese Patient
V. Patient Preparation
VI. Conclusion
References
3 Basic Equipment, Room Setup, and Patient Positioning
I. Basic Laparoscopic Equipment
A. Insufflation System
B. Imaging System
C. Irrigation/Aspiration System
D. Electrocautery
II. Room Setup
III. Patient Positioning
4 Anesthetic Issues
I. General Considerations
II. Intraoperative Monitoring
III. Anesthetic Techniques
IV. Postoperative Pain And Nausea
V. Complications
VI. Thoracoscopy
VII. Conclusion
Selected Readings
5 Access and Port Placement
I. Trocars
II. Closed Technique Of Pneumoperitoneum Creation
III. Open Technique Of Pneumoperitoneum Creation
IV. Secondary Trocar Placement
V. Exiting The Abdomen
Selected Readings
6 Hand-Assisted Approach
I. Introduction
II. Devices
A. Ergonomics
B. Advantages
C. Disadvantages
III. Indications
IV. Reported Procedures
V. Summary
References
7 Suturing and Knot Tying
I. Port Placement
II. Materials
A. Suture
B. Needle Types
C. Needle Holders
III. Needle Loading
IV. Extracorporeal Knot Tying
A. Preformed Knots
B. The Roeder Knot
C. The Square Knot
V. Intracorporeal Knot Tying
A. The Square Knot
B. The Dundee Jamming Knot
C. The Aberdeen Knot
VI. Top Ten Surgical Tips
VII. Current Status And Future Investigation
Selected Readings
8 Instruments for Ligating, Tissue Approximation, Gluing, and Coagulation
I. Introduction
II. Ligatures
III. Clips
IV. Staples
V. Electrocautery
VI. Ultrasonic Shears
VII. Lasers
VIII. Argon Beam Coagulator
IX. Fibrin Glue
X. Conclusion
Selected Readings
9 Ultrasonography
I. Introduction
II. Ultrasound Technology
III. Applications
A. Evaluation of Choledocholithiasis
B. Staging of Intra-Abdominal Malignancy
References
10 Complications of Laparoscopic Surgery
I. Intraoperative Complications
A. Anesthesia
B. Pneumoperitoneum
1. Extraperitoneal Insufflation
2. Cardiovascular Effects
3. Pulmonary Effects
4. Gas Embolism
C. Instrumentation
1. Vascular Injuries
2. Bowel Injuries
3. Solid Organ Injury
4. Abdominal Wall Bleeding
5. Nerve Damage
6. Thermal Injuries
II. Postoperative Complications
A. Peritonitis/Wound Infection
B. Delayed Hemorrhage
C. Incisional Hernia
D. Tumor Metastases
E. Azotemia
III. Conclusion
Selected Readings
11 General Postoperative Care
I. Introduction
II. General Considerations
III. Medications
IV. Outpatient Laparoscopy
V. Special Postoperative Considerations
A. Incisional Pain
B. Shoulder Pain
C. Subcutaneous Emphysema
D. Postoperative Hydrocele
E. Lower Extremity Edema
12 Skills Training
I. Background And Premise
II. Basic Skills Training
A. Videotrainer
B. Virtual Reality Simulation
III. Advanced Skills Training
A. Suturing
B. Ultrasound
C. Specific Operations
D. Robotics
IV. Current Status And Future Investigation
V. Top Ten Training Tips
Selected Readings
13 Surgical Robots, Telesurgery, and Future Technologies
I. Introduction
II. Individual Robots
A. Laparoscope Holders
B. Telesurgical Systems
III. Telesurgery Applications
IV. Future Technologies
A. Haptic Feedback
B. Deployable Robots
C. Completely Robotic Surgery
D. Personal Status Monitors and Vehicle Status Monitors
E. Bandwidth Developments
V. Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Selected Readings
Part II Applications for General Surgery
14 Diagnostic Laparoscopy
I. Indications For Diagnostic Laparoscopy
II. Surgical Therapy
III. Tissue Sampling
IV. Surgical Technique
A. Pelvis
B. Midabdomen
C. Right Upper Quadrant
D. Left Upper Quadrant
V. Postoperative Care
VI. Diagnostic Laparoscopy In The Intensive Care Unit
VII. Complications
VIII. Outcomes And Costs
IX. Current Status And Future Investigation
X. Top Ten Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
15 Laparoscopy in the Evaluation of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies
I. Indications And Contraindications
II. Patient Preparation And Operating Room Setup
A. Technique
B. Equipment
III. Specific Approaches
A. Distal Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
B. Gastric Cancer
C. Pancreatic/Peripancreatic Malignancies
D. Hepatobiliary Malignancies
IV. Summary
Selected Readings
16 Liver Surgery
I. Brief History
II. Clinical Presentation
III. Diagnostic Tests
IV. Medical Therapy
V. Surgical Therapy
VI. Preoperative Preparation
VII. Operating Room And Patient Setup
VIII. Surgical Technique
A Liver Resection
1. Port Placement and Exposure
2. Dissection and Resection: General Overview
3. Wedge Resections and Nonanatomical Resections
4. Left Lateral Segmentectomy and Left Hepatic Lobectomy
5. Right Hepatic Lobectomy
B. Hepatic Cyst Fenestration
1. Port Placement and Exposure
2. Liver Cyst Unroofing
C. Hepatic Artery Catheter
1. Port Placement and Exposure
2. Localization of Gastroduodenal Artery
3. Catheter Placement
D. Radiofrequency Ablation
1. Port Placement and Exposure
2. Liver Tumor Ablation
IX. Postoperative Care
X. Outcomes
XI. Complications And Their Management
XII. Current Status And Future Investigation
Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
17 Ventral Hernia Repair
I. Background
II. Clinical Presentation
A. Symptoms
B. Physical Examination
C. Differential Diagnosis
III. Diagnostic Tests
IV. Nonoperative Treatment
V. Operative Treatment
A. Equipment
B. Preoperative Preparation
C. Operating Room and Patient Setup
D. Surgical Technique
1. Port Placement
2. Hernia Identification and Mesh Placement
VI. Postoperative Care
VII. Outcomes And Costs
VIII. Complications And Management
IX. Current Status And Future Investigation
Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
18 Triaging for Trauma
Selected Readings
19 Cholecystectomy
I. Introduction
II. Symptoms
III. Diagnosis
A. Laboratory
B. Radiology
IV. Medical Therapy
A. Oral Dissolution
B. Lithotripsy
V. Surgical Therapy
VI. Indications And Contraindications For Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
VII. Preoperative Preparation
VIII. Surgical Technique
A. Port Placement
B. Exposure
C. Dissection
D. Intraoperative Evaluation for Cbd Stones
E. Completion of the Cholecystectomy
IX. Postoperative Care
X. Management Of Complications
A. Bile Duct Injury
B. Hemorrhage
C. Gallstone Spillage
D. Conversion to an Open Operation
E. Gallbladder Cancer
XI. Surgical Tips
XII. Outcomes
XIII. Current Status And Future Investigation
Selected Readings
20 Common Bile Duct Stones
I. Symptoms
II. Diagnosis
III. Radiological Evaluation
IV. Operative Technique
V. Anticipated Results
VI. Troubleshooting
VII. Complications
VIII. Traditional Management
IX. Conclusion
Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
21 Biliary Bypass
I. Brief History
II. Clinical Presentation
III. Diagnostic Tests
IV. Nonoperative Therapy
V. Surgical Therapy
VI. Preoperative Preparation
VII. Operating Room And Patient Setup
VIII. Surgical Technique
A. Port Placement
B. Exposure and Dissection
C. Cholecystojejunostomy: Stapled and Sutured Anastomosis
D. Cholecystojejunostomy: Sutured Anastomosis
IX. Postoperative Care
X. Outcomes And Costs
XI. Complications And Management
XII. Current Status And Future Investigation
Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
22 Gastrostomy and Jejunostomy
I. Brief History
II. Clinical Presentation
III. Diagnostic Tests
IV. Nonoperative Therapy
V. Surgical Therapy
VI. Preoperative Preparation
VII. Operating Room And Patient Setup
VIII. Surgical Technique
A. Port Placement and Exposure
B. Laparoscopic Gastrostomy
1. Technique #1: Laparoscopic Gastrostomy Using T-Fasteners
2. Technique #2: Laparoscopic Janeway Gastrostomy
C. Laparoscopic Jejunostomy
1. Technique #1: Laparoscopic Jejunostomy Using T-Fasteners
2. Technique #2: Laparoscopic Jejunostomy Using Knot-Tying
IX. Postoperative Care
X. Outcomes And Costs
XI. Complications And Their Management
XII. Current Status And Future Investigation
Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
23 Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernias
I. Terminology
II. Presentation
III. Diagnosis
A. Endoscopy
B. Radiological Studies
C. Esophageal Motility and pH Studies
IV. Surgical Treatment
A. Role of Antireflux Procedures in Paraesophageal Hernia Repairs
B. Hernia Sac Removal
C. Options for Crura Closure
D. The Short Esophagus
V. Laparoscopic Repair
Selected Readings
24 Nissen Fundoplication
I. Clinical Presentation
II. Diagnostic Tests
III. Nonoperative Treatment
IV. Operative Treatment
A. Preoperative Preparation
B. Operation Room and Patient Setup
C. Surgical Technique
1. Port Placement
2. Exposure
3. Dissection
4. Fundoplication
V. Postoperative Care
VI. Complications
VII. Outcomes And Costs
VIII. Current Status
Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
25 Heller Myotomy
I. Clinical Presentation
II. Diagnostic Tests
III. Nonoperative Treatment
IV. Operative Treatment
V. Preoperative Preparations
VI. Operation Room And Patient Setup
VII. Surgical Technique
A. Port Placement
B. Exposure
C. Dissection
D. Myotomy
E. Fundoplication
VIII. Postoperative Care
IX. Management Of Complications
Surgical Tips
XI. Current Status And Future Investigations
Selected Readings
26 Peptic Ulcer Disease
I. Background
A. Duodenal Ulcer
B. Gastric Ulcer
II. Complications Of Pud
A. Bleeding
B. Perforation
C. Obstruction
III. The Role Of Surgery
IV. Surgical Options
A. Acid Reduction
B. Perforated Duodenal Ulcer
C. Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer
D. Obstruction
E. Gastric Ulcer
V. Techniques
A. Laparoscopic Parietal Cell Vagotomy
B. Postoperative Care
VI. Other Procedures
A. Laparoscopic Management of Duodenal Perforation
B. Laparoscopic Truncal Vagotomy and Pyloroplasty
C. Laparoscopic Posterior Truncal Vagotomy and Anterior Seromyotomy
VII. Conclusions
Selected Readings
27 Gastrectomy
I. Background
A. History
B. Anatomy
II. Operative Techniques
A. Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy and Billroth I Reconstruction
B. Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy and Billroth Ii Reconstruction
C. Laparoscopic Wedge Resection
D. Postoperative Management
E. Complications
F. Future Directions
Selected Readings
28 Inguinal Hernias
I. Anatomy
II. Clinical Presentation And Evaluation
A. Symptoms
B. Physical Examination
C. Diagnostic Tests
D. Preoperative Preparation
III. Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair
A. Tapp Operating Room and Setup
B. Tapp Surgical Technique
1. Port Placement
2. Exposure and Dissection
3. Repair of the Hernia
C. Management of Tapp Complications
IV. Totally Extraperitoneal Repair
A. Tep Operating Room and Patient Setup
B. Tep Surgical Technique
1. Port Placement
2. Exposure and Dissection
3. Repair of the Hernia
C. Management of Tep Complications
V. Postoperative Care
VI. Current Status And Future Investigation
VII. Top Ten Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
29 Appendectomy
I. Introduction
II. Clinical Presentation
III. Operative Treatment
A. Preoperative Preparation
B. Operating Room and Patient Setup
IV. Surgical Technique
A. Port Placement
B. Exposure and Dissection
V. Prospective Randomized Trials
VI. Current Status And Future Investigation
VII. Top Ten Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
30 Colorectal Surgery
I. Background
II. Patient Selection And Preparation
A. Indications
B. Contraindications
C. Diagnostic Tests and Preoperative Counseling
D. Operating Room Set-Up
III. Procedures
A. Right Hemicolectomy—Surgical Technique
1. Port Placement
2. Exposure
3. Dissection
4. Resection and Anastomosis
B. Sigmoid and Left Hemicolectomy—Surgical Technique
1. Port Placement/Placement of Hand-Assist Devices
2. Exposure
3. Dissection
4. Resection and Anastomosis
C. Low Anterior Resection–Surgical Technique
1. Port Placement/Placement of Hand-Assist Devices
2. Exposure and Dissection
3. Resection and Anastomosis
D. Abdominoperineal Resection—Surgical Technique
1. Exposure, Port Placement, and Positioning
2. Dissection and Resection
E. Total Abdominal Colectomy and Total Proctocolectomy—Technique
F. Other Procedures—Technique and Discussion
1. Diverting Colostomy
2. Colostomy Takedown
3. Rectopexy
IV. Postoperative Care And Management Of Complications
A. Postoperative Care
B. Management of Complications
V. Outcomes And Discussion
Selected Readings
31 Splenectomy
I. Splenic Function
II. Indications For Splenectomy
III. Contraindications To Laparoscopic Splenectomy
IV. Operative Preparation
A. Patient Preparation
B. Operating Room Setup
C. Anatomical Relationships
V. Surgical Technique
A. Port Placement
B. Inferolateral Dissection
C. Medial Dissection
D. Hilar Dissection
E. Specimen Retrieval
F. Closure
G. Hand-Assisted Technique
VI. Postoperative Care
VII. Outcomes
VIII. Current Status And Future Investigation
IX. Top Ten Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
32 Adrenalectomy
I. Introduction
II. Diagnosis And Preoperative Preparation
A. Pheochromocytoma
B. Aldosteronoma
C. Cushing’s Syndrome
D. Adrenocortical Carcinoma
E. Adrenal Incidentaloma
F. Adrenal Metastases
III. Operative Treatment
A. Operating Room and Patient Setup
B. Surgical Technique
1. Port Placement
2. Exposure of the Retroperitoneal Space and Adrenal Glands
3. Dissection of the Adrenal Gland
IV. Postoperative Care
V. Management Of Complications
VI. Outcomes And Costs
VII. Current Status And Future Investigation
VIII. Top Ten Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
33 Pancreatic Surgery
I. Introduction
II. Indications
A. Staging of Pancreatic Cancer
B. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
C. Cystic Pancreatic Lesions
D. Complications of Pancreatitis
III. Diagnostic Imaging
IV. Operative Treatment
A. Preoperative Preparation
B. Operating Room and Patient Setup
C. Port Placement
D. Pancreatic Exposure
V. Distal Pancreatectomy With Splenectomy
VI. Distal Pancreatectomy With Spleen Preservation
VII. Enucleation Of Pancreatic Tumors
VIII. Cystgastrostomy Or Cystjejnostomy
IX. Pancreatic Necrosectomy And Drainage
X. Postoperative Care
XI. Outcomes
XII. Current Status And Future Investigations
XIII. Top Ten Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
Part III Applications for Surgical Subspecialties
34 Gynecology
I. Brief History
II. Preoperative Preparation
III. Operating Room And Patient Set-Up
IV. Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
A. Port Placement
B. Dissection and Operation
C. Postoperative Care
D. Indications and Contraindications
V. Laparoscopic Salpingo-Oophorectomy
A. Dissection and Operation
B. Postoperative Care
C. Indications and Contraindications
VI. Myomectomy
A. Preoperative Preparation
B. Dissection and Operation
C. Postoperative Care
D. Indications/Contraindications
VII. Tubal Ligation
A. Preoperative Preparation
B. Dissection and Operation: Bipolar Electrocautery Technique
C. Silastic Band and Spring-Loaded Clip Techniques
D. Segmental Resection Technique (Pomeroy Method)
E. Postoperative Care
F. Indications and Contraindications
VIII. Complications And Their Management
IX. Operative Laparoscopy In Gynecological Oncology
A. Overview
B. Cervical Cancer
C. Endometrial Cancer
D. Ovarian Cancer
E. Future Directions for Laparoscopy in Gynecological Oncology
X. Equipment And Instrumentation (Specialized)
XI. Surgical Tips
XII. Complications
Selected Readings
35 Urological Procedures
I. Nephrectomy
A. Clinical Presentation and Indications
B. Diagnostic Tests
C. Operative Treatment
D. Preoperative Preparation
E. Equipment for Transperitoneal Nephrectomy: Standard*
F. Equipment for Transperitoneal Nephrectomy: Hand-Assist
G. Equipment for Retroperitoneal Nephrectomy
H. Surgical Technique
1. Transperitoneal Approach: Standard
2. Transperitoneal Approach: Hand-Assist
3. Retroperitoneal Approach
I. Postoperative Care
J. Management of Complications
K. Top Ten Surgical Tips
L. Outcomes and Costs
M. Current Status and Future Investigation
II. Pyeloplasty
A. Clinical Presentation and Indications
B. Diagnostic Tests
C. Operative Treatment
D. Preoperative Preparation
E. Operating Room and Patient Setup
F. Equipment for Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty*
G. Surgical Technique
H. Postoperative Care
I. Management of Complications
J. Top Ten Surgical Tips
K. Outcomes and Costs
L. Current Status and Future Investigation
Selected Readings
Nephrectomy
Pyeloplasty
36 Minimally Invasive Vascular Surgery
I. Endovascular Repair Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
II. Clinical Presentation And Risk Of Rupture
III. Diagnostic Tests And Preoperative Imaging
IV. Equipment
V. Stent Graft Devices
A. Medtronic Aneurx® Device
B. Guidant Ancuree Device
VI. Operative Technique
VII. Patient Follow-Up
VIII. Management Of Complications
37 Endoscopic Plastic Surgery
I. Introduction
II. Forehead Lift
A. Procedure Selection
B. Surgical Technique
C. Results
III. Midface Lift
A. Procedure Selection
B. Surgical Technique
C. Results
IV. Augmentation Mammaplasty
A. Procedure Selection
B. Transaxillary Technique
C. Results
V. Abdominoplasty
A. Surgical Technique
B. Results
VI. Latissimus Dorsi Flap Harvest
A. Traditional Surgical Technique
B. Balloon-Assisted Technique
C. Results
VII. Rectus Abdominus Flap Harvest
A. Surgical Technique
B. Results
VIII. Endoscopic Sural Nerve Harvest
A. Surgical Technique
B. Results
IX. Endoscopic Saphenous Vein Harvest
A. Surgical Technique
B. Results
X. Endoscopic Nasal Airway Surgery
A. Inferior Turbinate Surgery
B. Sinus Surgery
XI. Conclusions
References
38 Pediatric Surgery
I. Special Considerations
II. Operating Room And Patient Setup
A. Laparoscopy
1. Patient Preparation
2. Insufflation
B. Thoracoscopy
1. Patient Preparation
III. Techniques Common To Both Children And Adults
A. General Considerations
B. Diagnostic or Staging Procedures
C. Appendectomy
D. Cholecystectomy
E. Splenectomy
F. Fundoplication and Gastrostomy
G. Ovarian Pathology
H. Thoracoscopy
IV. Techniques Principally Performed In Children
A. Pectus Excavatum
B. Exploration for Contralateral Inguinal Hernia
C. Cryptorchidism
D. Meckel’s Diverticulectomy
E. Pyloromyotomy
F. Hirschsprung’s Disease
G. Malrotation
H. Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation
I. Other Procedures
V. Postoperative Care
VI. Current Status And Future Investigation
VII. Top Ten Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
39 Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
I. Special Considerations
II. Indications
A. Pleural Effusions
B. Pericardial Effusions
C. Pneumothoraces
D. Lung Nodules
E. Lung Biopsy
F. Sympathectomy
G. Esophageal Myotomy
H. Anterior Spinal Approach
I. Lung Resection
J. Esophageal Resection
III. Preoperative Considerations
IV. Operative Procedure
A. Instrumentation and Equipment
B. Operating Room Set-up and Patient Positioning
C. Operative Treatment
1. Surgical Technique—General Considerations
2. Specific Vats Procedures
V. Postoperative Care
VI. Management Of Complications
A. Complications Common to any Thoracic Procedure
B. Complications Specific to Vats
1. Tumor Seeding
2. Uncontrolled Bleeding
3. Intercostal Neuralgia
VII. Current Status And Future Investigation
Selected Readings
40 Esophagectomy
I. Clinical Presentation
II. Diagnostic Tests
III. Indications For Esophagectomy
IV. Nonoperative Treatment
V. Operative Treatment
A. Preoperative Preparation
B. Operating Room and Patient Setup
C. Equipment for Thoracoscopy
D. Equipment for Laparoscopy
E. Surgical Technique
1. Thoracoscopic Mobilization of the Esophagus
2. Laparoscopic Creation of the Gastric Conduit
3. Cervical Anastomosis
4. Closure
VI. Postoperative Care
VII. Management Of Complications
VIII. Outcomes
IX. Current Status And Future Investigation
X. Top Ten Surgical Tips
Selected Readings
41 Obesity Surgery: Roux-en-Y and Gastric Band Procedures
I. Introduction
II. Clinical Presentation
III. Operative Treatment
IV. Surgical Technique: Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass
A. Preoperative Preparation
B. Operating Room and Patient Setup
C. Surgical Technique
1. Port Placement
D. Dissection
E. Roux-en-Y
F. Gastric Pouch and Gastrojejunostomy
G. Postoperative Care
H. Management of Complications
I. Outcomes
V. Surgical Technique: Lap-Band
A. Preoperative Preparation
B. Operating Room and Patient Setup
C. Port Placement
D. Exposure
E. Dissection and Band Placement
F. Postoperative Care
G. Management of Complications
H. Outcomes
VI. Top Ten Tips
VII. Current Status And Future Investigation
Selected Readings
42 Minimally Invasive Orthopedic and Spinal Surgery: A Brief Overview
I. Introduction
II. Minimally Invasive Orthopedics: The Present
III. Minimally Invasive Orthopedics: The Futures
IV. Minimally Invasive Surgery For Lumbar Disk Degeneration

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