Latin America Transformed Globalization and Modernity 2nd Edition by Robert Gwynne, Kay Cristobal 0340809302 9780340809303

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 0340809302 

ISBN 13: 9780340809303

Author: Robert N Gwynne; Kay Cristobal

Praise for the first edition: ‘Accomplishes its task to provide readers with a broad multi-disciplinary view on globalization’s many impacts on Latin America … the organization of the collection is logical and thoughtful, and the structural perspectives offered are convincing and powerful. I recommend it to other Latin American social scientists.’ Growth and Change ‘An impressive, timely and lively volume, which is especially valuable for teaching purposes.’ Journal of Latin American Studies ‘Authoritatively written by leading scholars in their respective fields.’ Area Latin America Transformed, 2nd Edition explains the region’s economic, political, social and cultural transformations, its association with globalization and the search for modernity, and contributes to a greater understanding of how these transformations are affecting the people of Latin America. Using a political economy approach to unravel the concepts of globalization and modernity within Latin America, emphasis is placed on interpreting the macro-level structures that frame the transformations taking place. The book also investigates the dynamics of people’s livelihoods as they make sense of, rework and live out these structural transformations. The international team of authors involved with the successful first edition have updated their focus and substantially rewritten their material to examine the challenges facing Latin America in the twenty-first century. Three completely new chapters have also been added. Latin America Transformed, 2nd Edition is now even more useful for undergraduate and postgraduate courses that examine economic, political, social and cultural change in Latin America.

Table of contents:

Part 1 Globalization and Modernity
1 Latin America transformed: globalization and neoliberalism
Unravelling the Concept of Globalization in Latin America
Theses of globalization
Globalization and differentiation within Latin America
Latin America in its global context
Globalization and the Contemporary Relevance of Structuralism and Dependency Theories
Increasing asymmetry and the role of the state
Financial vulnerability and dependence
Unequal exchange
Technological dependence
Globalization: constraints and opportunities
Globalization in the Neoliberal Era
Definitions, economic characteristics and variations
Global factors
Continental factors
Social Bases of Neoliberalism
The technocratic and economic base
The social and political base
Conclusion: A Paradigm Shift in Theory and Policy
Further Reading
Websites

2 Modernity and identity: cultural change in Latin America
Introduction
The Latin American Trajectory to Modernity
From independence to 1900: oligarchic modernization
From 1900 to 1945: the crisis of oligarchic modernity
From 1945 to the 1970s: industrial expansion
From 1970 to 1990: dictatorships and the ‘lost decade’
From 1990 onwards: the neoliberal stage
Some Specific Elements of Latin American Modernity and Culture
Clientelism, traditionalism and weak civil society
Authoritarianism, legalism and masked racism
Exclusion and solidarity
Politics
The religious factor
Conclusion
Further Reading
Website

3 Structural reform in South America and Mexico: economic and regional perspectives
Historical Context
Economic Policy Change
The power of the multilateral institutions
Theoretical and ideological elements of the new consensus
The opening up of Latin America
Impacts and Problems of Neoliberal Reform
Investment and growth
Trade liberalization
Reforms and employment
Income distribution and poverty
Neoliberalism and Economic Spaces
Firm responses to neoliberalism
Changes to economic spaces
Conclusion
Further Reading
Websites

4 Globalization, neoliberalism and economic change in Central America and the Caribbean
A Region of Small and Dependent States
Development Policies Prior to Neoliberalism
The Caribbean Basin Initiative
Operation Bootstrap
Europe’s Banana Protocols
The Debt Crisis and the Neoliberal Remedy
The Meaning and Impacts of Globalization
The Neoliberal Development Model
Cuba: Island Socialism Amid Global Capitalism
Migration and Transnationalism
Regional Trading Blocs
The Growing Drug Economy
Conclusion
Further Reading
Websites

5 The urban revolution
Urban Growth During The Twentieth Century
Explanations for Urban Growth
Rural–Urban Migration
The Geography of Urban Growth Under the New Economic Model
The Urbanization of Poverty
Differential Patterns of Urban Change
The urban consequences
An Unpredictable Future
Further Reading
Websites

6 The political economy of sustainable development
Natural Resource Use – Economy or Environment?
Latin America’s resource export dependency – a paradox of plenty?
Political-Economic Issues and Implications
The ‘terms of trade’ constraint
Price volatility
Dutch disease
Protectionism and regionalism in the global core
‘Enclave’ economies
Foreign ownership and control
Food security
Inequality and social conflict
Whose Sustainability? The Chilean Fruit Export Boom
Transnational investment in the Chilean fruit sector
The costs of macro-economic success
The sustainability of Chilean fruit exports
Environmental Issues and Implications
Large-scale sustainable development
The grassroots development approach
The Politics of Natural Resource Extraction
Reforming natural resources policy
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Further Reading
Websites

Part 2 Political Transformations
7 Authoritarianism, democracy and development
Political Economy and the State
Democracy, Authoritarianism and Development
Modernization theory
Under-development, dependency theory, and state form
Bureaucratic-authoritarianism
Modernization theory revisited
Recent political economy theorizing
Conclusion
Further Reading
Websites

8 The new political order: towards technocratic democracies?
Neoliberalism, Modernization and Democracy
The Depoliticization of Society
Political Legitimation and Consumerism
The Technocratization of Policy-Making
Disenchantment
The Future of Democracy in Latin America
Further Reading
Websites

Part 3 Space, Society and Livelihoods
9 Livelihood transitions, place transformations: grounding globalization and modernity
Conceptualizing Livelihoods in Latin America
Dependent development, dependent livelihoods
Development openings, livelihood strategies
Grounding globalization: livelihoods and place formation
Livelihoods, culture and politics
Livelihoods Since Neoliberalism
Livelihood Politics
Livelihoods, NGOs and Development
Globalization and Livelihoods in Latin America
Historical continuities
Transnational linkages
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Further Reading
Websites

10 Civil society, grassroots politics and livelihoods
Civil Society in Latin America: Social Difference, Rights and the State
Civil Society Mobilization in the 1970s and 1980s
Understanding the paradox: theoretical perspectives
Grassroots experiences and viewpoints: livelihood, opportunity and culture
Civil Society and the Transition to Democracy
Civil Society and Social Difference
New constitutions: rights
New civil actors: institutionalisation of social movements and the ‘third sector’
Civil action in the context of neoliberal livelihood options
Globalization: new geographies of civil action?
Conclusion
Further Reading
Websites

11 Urban livelihoods, employment and gender
Household Livelihoods
Household livelihood strategies and neoliberal economic restructuring
Gender-differentiated impacts of structural adjustment
Urban Employment
Unemployment and underemployment
Wages and working conditions in the formal sector
The urban informal sector
Growth and dynamics of the informal sector
Activities and working conditions in the informal sector
Gender and the Urban Labour Market
Women’s employment and economic restructuring
Women’s work, gender relations and urban households
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Further Reading
Websites

12 Rural livelihoods and peasant futures
The Lost Promise of Agrarian Reform
The neoliberal unravelling of the agrarian reform
The continuing search for agrarian reform
Globalization, Neoliberalism and Agriculture
Agriculture’s loss of competitiveness, non-traditional exports and heterogeneity
Changes in rural labour and livelihoods
Peasant Futures: A Permanent Semi-Proletariat?
Challenges facing the peasantry: diversification of rural livelihoods
Persistence of rural poverty
State, market and civil organizations: what future for the peasantry?
The key agrarian question: assets and power
The New Peasant Movement: Indigenous and Environmental Dimensions
Conclusion
Further Reading
Websites

Part 4 Latin American Futures
13 The alternatives to neoliberalism
The Neoliberal Model Evaluated
Macro-economic reform
Labour markets transformed
Social impacts of reform
Poverty and the changing social provision of the state
Are there contradictions to the neoliberal model?
Alternatives to Neoliberalism
Democratization and neoliberalism
The need for Latin American theories
Neostructuralism and Cardoso
Neostructuralism as an alternative
Chile: from neoliberalism to neostructuralism?
Outstanding problems to be addressed
Bibliography

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Tags: Robert Gwynne, Kay Cristobal, Transformed, Globalization