Livestock in a Changing Landscape Volume 1 Drivers Consequences and Responses 1st Edition by Henning Steinfeld, Harold Mooney, Fritz Schneider, Laurie Neville 159726671X 9781597266710

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ISBN 10: 159726671X 

ISBN 13: 9781597266710

Author: Henning Steinfeld, Harold A. Mooney, Fritz Schneider, Laurie E. Neville

The rapidly changing nature of animal production systems, especially increasing intensification and globalization, is playing out in complex ways around the world. Over the last century, livestock keeping evolved from a means of harnessing marginal resources to produce items for local consumption to a key component of global food chains. Livestock in a Changing Landscape offers a comprehensive examination of these important and far-reaching trends. The books are an outgrowth of a collaborative effort involving international nongovernmental organizations including the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN FAO), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), the Swiss College of Agriculture (SHL), the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), and the Scientific Committee for Problems of the Environment (SCOPE). Volume 1 examines the forces shaping change in livestock production and management; the resulting impacts on landscapes, land use, and social systems; and potential policy and management responses. Volume 2 explores needs and draws experience from region-specific contexts and detailed case studies. The case studies describe how drivers and consequences of change play out in specific geographical areas, and how public and private responses are shaped and implemented. Together, the volumes present new, sustainable approaches to the challenges created by fundamental shifts in livestock management and production, and represent an essential resource for policy makers, industry managers, and academics involved with this issue.

Table of contents:

Part I – Drivers of Change
1 – Drivers of Change in Global Agriculture and Livestock Systems
Introduction
Drivers of Change
Trends
Conclusions
References

2 – Trends in Consumption, Production, and Trade in Livestock and Livestock Products
Demand for Livestock Products
Production of Livestock Products and Feed
Trends in International Trade in Livestock and Livestock Products
Projections of Consumption, Production, and Trade
References

3 – Structural Change in the Livestock Sector
The Impact of Natural Endowments on Production
Climate Change: Likely Impacts and Livestock’s Contribution
Competition for Land and Feed Resources
Production Technology
Policies and Institutions
Resulting Structural Changes
Conclusions
References

4 – Livestock in Geographical Transition
Introduction
Livestock’s Geographical Transition
Determinants of the Geographical Transition
Regional Patterns
Conclusions
References

Part II – Consequences of Livestock Production
5 – Livestock and the Global Carbon Cycle
Introduction
Primary Production to Feed Livestock
Global Carbon Fluxes Associated with Livestock Production
Mitigation and Avoidance of Negative Impacts
References

6 – The Impact of Animal Production Systems on the Nitrogen Cycle
Introduction
Setting the Scene
Riverine Fluxes of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen
International Trade of N-Commodities (Fertilizer, Grain, and Meat)
Consequences of N from Meat Production
Integrated View of Animal Protein Production
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References

7 – Water-Mediated Ecological Consequences of Intensification and Expansion of Livestock Production
Water Use in Livestock Production: Problems and Estimation Methods
Water-Mediated Changes of Increased Livestock Production on Ecosystem Functioning
Conclusions: Future Choices and Trade-offs
Acknowledgments
References

8 – Global Livestock Impacts on Biodiversity
Introduction
Broad Trends in Livestock Related to Changes in Biodiversity
Effect of Livestock Production and Consumption on Genes, Populations, Species, and Ecosystems
Impact 1: Broad-Scale Habitat Loss and Fragmentation through Livestock Production
Impact 2: Livestock Grazing as “Biodiversity Protection”
Impact 3: Effects of Grazing and Trampling by Livestock on Species Diversity and the Balance of Trees and Grass
Impact 4: Livestock-Generated Pollution
Impact 5: Emerging Livestock Diseases
Impact 6: Invasive Alien Plant Species and Native Biodiversity
Impact 7: Feed Production and Trade
Impact 8: Livestock-Generated Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
Summary of the Relative Importance of Livestock’s Different Effects on Biodiversity
Conclusions
References

9 – Impacts of Intensive Livestock Production and Manure Management on the Environment
Introduction
Global Distribution of Cattle, Pigs, and Poultry
Nutrient Elements in Livestock Excreta
Characteristics of Intensive Pig, Poultry, and Dairy Cattle Production in Developing Countries
Farm Structure and Manure Management
Livestock Management
Housing Systems
Environmental Impacts of Nutrient Losses from Manure
Improving the Environmental Performance of Intensive Livestock Farms
Conclusions
References

10 – Impacts of Livestock Systems on Terrestrial Ecosystems
Introduction
Drivers of Change
Impacts on Terrestrial Ecosystems
Responses to Terrestrial Impacts
Conclusion: Some Lessons Learned
References

11 – Human Health Hazards Associated with Livestock Production
Introduction
Features of the Livestock Sector and Implications for Human Health Hazards
Emerging and Reemerging Zoonoses in Extensive Livestock Production Systems
Human Health Hazards Associated with Intensive Livestock Production
References

12 – The Livestock Revolution and Animal Source Food Consumption
Introduction
Benefits of ASF Consumption for Human Health and Nutrition
Experimental Evidence of Positive Impact of Meat on Child Growth and Function
Health Risks Associated with Overconsumption of ASFs
The Economic Implications of Overnutrition
Factors Contributing to Low ASF Consumption in Rural Areas
Other Livestock Sources in Rural Areas
The Contribution of Pastoralism to ASFs in the Diet
Interventions to Improve Nutritional Status
Linking Improved Diet Quality to Development
References

13 – Social Consequences for Mixed Crop–Livestock Production Systems in Developing Countries
Introduction
Mixed Crop–Livestock Production Systems
Stylized Livestock Sector Development Pathways
Case Studies: Dairy Sector Development in India, Zambia, and Brazil
Conclusions
References

14 – Socioeconomic Implications of the Livestock Industrialization Process
The Scaling Up of the Livestock Sector
Impact of Structural Changes in the Livestock Sector on Smallholder Profitability
Linking Livestock Production to the Supply Chain in an Era of Increased Food Safety and Quality Concerns
Smallholders’ Difficulties in Getting Market Access to Supply Chains
Conclusions
References

15 – Extensive Livestock Production in Transition
Pastoral Development: Modernization or Substitution?
What Is Pastoralism?
The Economic Values of Pastoralism
Modernization and the Transformation of Pastoralism
The Changing Face of Pastoralism
New Challenges and Opportunities for Extensive Livestock Systems
The Future of Sustainable Pastoralism
Conclusions
References

Part III – Responses
16 – Responses on Environmental Issues
Introduction
Land
Livestock and Climate Change
Biodiversity
Water
References

17 – Responses on Human Nutrition Issues
Introduction
Undernutrition and Food Insecurity
Overnutrition and Diet-Related Diseases
Food Safety
Addressing Nutrition Problems: What Needs to Be Done?
Conclusions
References

18 – Responses on Emerging Livestock Diseases
Introduction
Current Responses
Toward an Ideal Response
Conclusions
References

19 – Responses on Social Issues
Introduction
The Response Context
The Need for Policy and Institutional Change
Building Policy-Relevant Capacity
The Road Ahead
References

20 – Livestock in a Changing Landscape
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chemical Symbols, Compounds, and Units of Measurement
Glossary
List of Editors and Contributors
Index
Island Press | Board of Directors

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