Making Sense of Japanese Grammar A Clear Guide through Common Problems 1st Edition by Zelijko Cipris, Shoko Hamano 0824824970 9780824824976

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ISBN 10: 0824824970

ISBN 13: 9780824824976

Author: Zelijko Cipris, Shoko Hamano

Making Sense of Japanese Grammar explains in a lively and highly informative manner basic principles that underlie a wide range of phenomena in Japanese. Students–irrespective of proficiency level and linguistic training–will find clarification on matters of grammar that often seem idiosyncratic and Japanese-specific, such as avoiding the use of certain pronouns, employing the same word order for questions, hidden subjects, polite and direct forms. Organized for easy access and readability, Making Sense of Japanese Grammar consists of short units, each focused on explaining a distinct problem and illustrated with a wealth of examples. To further enhance their usefulness, the units are cross-referenced and contain brief comprehension exercises to test and apply newly acquired knowledge. A glossary and keys to the exercises are at the back of the book. This volume may be used as a supplementary classroom reading or a helpful reference for students of all levels. Both students and instructors, even those trained in linguistics, will find its accessible explanations of grammatical concepts helpful. Grounded in sound scholarship and extensive teaching experience, Making Sense of Japanese Grammar brings a fresh and liberating perspective to the study of Japanese.

Making Sense of Japanese Grammar A Clear Guide through Common Problems 1st Table of contents:

Part 1. Grammatical Categories and the Basic Architecture of a Sentence

1. The subject corresponds to an item around which an event evolves

2. Use the verb at the end!

3. An explicit subject is optional

4. Pay attention to the last part of a sentence

5. There are three types of verb-like constituents

6. The noun in the sentence gakusei-desu is not the subject!

7. Japanese speakers avoid certain pronouns

8. You cannot always guess the grammatical category of a Japanese form from the grammatical category of its English counterpart

9. Dictionary forms of all Japanese adjectives end with -ii, -ai, -oi, or -ui

10. “Noun” is an open category in Japanese

11. Use the same word order for questions. Attach -ka to a statement to turn it into a question

12. Do not hesitate to use the same verb over and over again

13. Japanese particles are postpositions

14. Classification of particles

Part 2. Phrase Particles: Marking the Functions of Noun Phrases in a Sentence
15. A phrase particle determines the function of the noun
16. The particle -wa identifies what the sentence is about and urges the listener to pay attention to the part that follows
17. The particle -mo adds the preceding noun phrase to a list of objects
18. Use of -wa and -mo presupposes a contextual set
19. -ga is the subject marker; -o is the direct object marker
20. -ga and -o mark a fresh participant; -wa marks a familiar participant already anchored in a context
21. Do not attach -wa to interrogative WH-phrases
22. Only one direct object particle -o appears per verb
23. The subject and the direct object are the primary grammatical categories
24. Two types of locational particles: -de and -ni
25. Three reasons not to use phrase particles
26. “Exceptional” uses of -ga
27. Grammatical reasons for alternations of particles
28. The person marked with the particle -ni is an active participant in an interaction
29. The person marked with the particle -to is a “reciprocal” participant in an interaction
30. Certain auxiliary verbs take the non-subject participant particle -ni
31. The auxiliary verb -morau comes with -ni; the auxiliary verbs -ageru and -kureru do not
32. Another consequence of the double-o constraint
33. Phrase particles are powerful!

Part 3. Expanding Noun Phrases
34. The particle -no between two nouns turns the first noun into a modifier
35. A noun modified by an adjective functions like a noun
36. The modifier consistently precedes the modified
37. Spatial relationships are expressed with stacked nouns
38. The particle -no mediates a wide range of relationships. Mekishiko-jin-no tomodachi, for instance, means either “a friend of a Mexican” or “a friend who is Mexican”
39. The particle -to connects noun phrases representing separate objects
40. Na-nouns behave like nouns, but they have “fuzzy” meanings
41. To say something more complex, use complex noun phrases
42. The head noun of a complex noun phrase carries with it only the particle which marks its function in a larger sphere
43. Japanese does not employ WH-phrases for creating complex noun phrases
44. Mekishiko-jin-no tomodachi “a Mexican friend” is a complex noun phrase
45. Atarashii tomodachi “a new friend” is also a kind of complex noun phrase
46. One more way to create a complex noun phrase
47. No is for a familiar event; koto is for an abstract idea

Part 4. Tense and Events
48. There are only two tenses in Japanese: non-past and past
49. Special use of past tense forms
50. Te-forms connect very closely related events
51. Tense markers separate events
52. Events are tied with varying degrees of cohesion inside a sentence
53. Two perspectives for tense inside a subordinate clause
54. The main clause perspective means involvement
55. The speaker’s perspective means incidental connection, speaker’s recollection, or speaker’s reasoning

Part 5. Miscellaneous Topics
56. Hai and ee mean “I agree” or “I hear you”; iie means “I disagree”
57. Are “that” is for things known to both speaker and hearer; sore “that” is for something just mentioned
58. The longer and vaguer, the more polite
59. Polite forms and direct forms
60. Reality consists of continuous-grade scales; language makes things discrete
61. Interpretations of -te-kuru/-te-iku
62. Expressing solidarity with -te-kuru/-te-iku
63. -n-da expresses expectation of mutual understanding
64. -n-da-kara does not provide personal information. Do not overuse it!
65. There are ways to identify hidden subjects
66. Do not be intimidated by apparent complexity

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Tags: Zelijko Cipris, Shoko Hamano, Japanese, Grammar