Materials science An intermediate text 1st Edition by William Hosford 0521867053 9780521867054

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ISBN 10: 0521867053

ISBN 13: 9780521867054

Author: William F. Hosford

This exciting textbook on the structure, property and applications of materials, is written for advanced undergraduate courses on the principles of Materials Science. It covers the main topics commonly encountered by students in materials science and engineering but explores them in greater depth than standard introductory textbooks, making it ideal for use on a second-level course and upwards. Major topics covered include crystallography, symmetry and bonding-related properties, phase diagrams and transformations, ordering, diffusion, solidification, and dedicated chapters on amorphous, liquid crystal, magnetic and novel materials, including shape memory. Each chapter contains numerous illustrative examples, problem sets, references and notes of interest to aid student understanding, with a chapter of hints on engineering calculations to ensure mathematical competency.

Table of contents:

1 Microstructural Analysis
Grain size
Relation of grain boundary area per volume to grain size
Relation of intersections per area and line length
Volume fraction of phases
Alloy composition from volume fraction of two or more phases
Microstructural relationships
Three-dimensional relations
Kelvin tetrakaidecahedron
NOTES OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

2 Symmetry
Crystal systems
Space lattices
Quasicrystals
Fractals
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

3 Miller-Bravais Indices for Hexagonal Crystals
Planar indices
Direction indices
Three-digit system
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

4 Stereographic Projection
Projection
Standard cubic projection
Locating the hkl pole in the standard stereographic projection of a cubic crystal
Standard hexagonal projection
Spherical trigonometry
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

5 Crystal Defects
Vacancies in pure metals
Point defects in ionic crystals
Dislocations
Burgers vectors
Energy of dislocations
Stress fields around dislocations
Partial dislocations
NOTES OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

6 Phase Diagrams
The Gibbs phase rule
Invariant reactions
Ternary phase diagrams
NOTES OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

7 Free Energy Basis of Phase Diagrams
Gibbs free energy
Enthalpy of mixing
Entropy of mixing
Solid solubility
Relation of phase diagrams to free energy curves
Pressure effects
Metastability
Extrapolations of solubility limits
NOTES OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

8 Ordering of Solid Solutions
Long-range order
Effect of long-range order on properties
Short-range order
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

9 Diffusion
Fick’s first law
Fick’s second law
Solutions of Fick’s second law and the error function
Mechanisms of diffusion
Kirkendall effect
Temperature dependence
Special diffusion paths
Darken’s equation
Diffusion in systems with more than one phase
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

10 Freezing
Liquids
Homogeneous nucleation
Heterogeneous nucleation
Growth
Grain structure of castings
Segregation during freezing
Zone refining
Steady state
Dendritic growth
Gas solubility and gas porosity
Growth of single crystals
Eutectic solidification
Peritectic freezing
NOTES OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

11 Phase Transformations
Nucleation in the solid state
Eutectoid transformations
Avrami kinetics
Growth of precipitates
Transition precipitates
Precipitation-free zones
Ostwald ripening
Martensitic transformations
Spinodal decomposition
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

12 Surfaces
Relation of surface energy to bonding
Orientation-dependence of surface energy
Surfaces of amorphous materials
Grain boundaries
Segregation to surfaces
Direct measurements of surface energy
Measurements of relative surface energies
Wetting of grain boundaries
Relative magnitudes of energies
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

13 Bonding
Ionic binding energy
Melting points
Elastic moduli
Covalent bonding
Geometric considerations
Ionic radii
Structures of compounds
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

14 Sintering
Mechanisms
Early stage of sintering
Intermediate stage of sintering
Final stage of sintering
Loss of surface area
Particle-size effect
Activated sintering
Liquid-phase sintering
Hot isostatic pressing
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

15 Amorphous Materials
Glass transition
Glass transition in polymers
Molecular length
Hard sphere model
Voronoi cells
Silicate glasses
Chemical composition
Bridging versus nonbridging oxygen ions
Glass viscosity
Thermal shock
Thermal expansion
Vycor
Devitrification
Delayed fracture
Other inorganic glasses
Metal glasses
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

16 Liquid Crystals
Types of liquid crystals
Orientational order parameter
Disclinations
Lyotropic liquid crystals
Temperature and concentration effects
Phase changes
Optical response
Liquid crystal displays
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

17 Molecular Morphology
Silicates
Molybdenum disulfide
Carbon: graphite
Diamond
Carbon fibers
Fullerenes
Nanotubes
Zeolites
NOTES OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

18 Magnetic Behavior of Materials
Ferromagnetism
Exchange energy
Magnetostatic energy
Magnetocrystalline energy
Magnetostrictive energy
Physical units
The B–H curve
Curie temperature
Bloch walls
Magnetic oxides
Soft versus hard magnetic materials
Soft magnetic materials
Hard magnetic materials
Square-loop materials
NOTES OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

19 Porous and Novel Materials
Applications of porous materials
Fabrication of porous foams
Morphology of foams
Relative density of foams
Structural mechanical properties
Honeycombs
Novel structures
NOTES OF INTEREST
REFERENCE
PROBLEMS

20 Shape Memory and Superelasticity
Shape memory alloys
Superelasticity
Applications
Shape memory in polymers
NOTE OF INTEREST
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS

21 Calculations
Estimates
Sketches
Units
Available data
Algebra before numbers
Ratios
Percentage changes
Finding slopes of graphs
Log-log and semilog plots
Graphical differentiation and integration
Iterative and graphical solutions
Interpolation and extrapolation
Analyzing extreme cases (bounding)
Significant figures
Logarithms and exponents
The Greek alphabet
PROBLEMS

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