Maximizing Intelligence 1st Edition by David Armor 9781412804561 1412804566

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 1412804566

ISBN 13: 9781412804561

Author: David J. Armor

The “nature versus nurture” controversy dates back to at least the nineteenth century. How much of a role does genetics or environment play in accounting for reasoning skill and other intellectual aptitudes? At a time when the public school system in the United States is under attack, this debate has taken center stage in arguments about what accounts for differences in academic achievement. Maximizing Intelligence convincingly argues that, while both genetics and environment play a role in a child’s intelligence, environmental factors, especially at an early age, are of primary importance. Working from this premise, Armor suggests how intelligence may be heightened. Armor presents four propositions about intelligence. His first is that intelligence exerts a major influence on educational and occupational success, following a chronological sequence, from a child’s cognitive skills learned before school, to academic success during the school years, to eligibility for college. His second proposition is that intelligence can be changed, at least within limits. There is ample evidence that a child’s intelligence is not fully given at birth, but continues to evolve and change at least through the early elementary school years, although at a declining rate. Proposition three is that intelligence is influenced by a series of “risk factors,” and most of the influence occurs before a child reaches school age. Risk factors include parent intelligence and education, family income, family structure and size, nutrition, and specific parenting behaviors. The fourth proposition flows from the second and third–that the most promising avenues for maximizing intelligence come from a child’s parents. Armor persuasively argues for a “whole family” approach whereby government programs are modified or created to inform parents of risk factors and to reward behaviors that optimize positive outcomes. Maximizing Intelligence is meticulously researched

Table of contents:

Chapter 1. Maximizing Intelligence

• Four Propositions about Intelligence

• The Ten Most Important Risk Factors

• The Basis for the Book

• Organization of the Book

Chapter 2. The Nature and Importance of Intelligence

• Definition and Measurement of Intelligence

• The Nature and Malleability of Intelligence

• The Timing of IQ Changes

• Why IQ is Important

Chapter 3. The Risk Factors for Intelligence

• Evidence for the Risk Factors

• The Role of Parent IQ

• The Sequence of Risk Factors

• Risk Factors after Birth or Conception

• Environmental Risk Factors before Birth

• Summary of the Risk Factors for Intelligence

Chapter 4. Race, Family, and Intelligence

• Racial Differences in IQ and Achievement

• Racial Differences in Risk Factors

• Racial Differences in Schooling

• Reducing the IQ Gap

Chapter 5. Agents of Change for Intelligence

• The Timing of Changes

• Schools and Preschools

• Families and Early Intervention Strategies

• Summary

Chapter 6. The Outlook for Maximizing Intelligence

• An Integrated Theory of Intelligence

• Maximizing Whose Intelligence?

• Policy Approaches for Maximizing Intelligence

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