Milestones in systematics 1st Edition by David Williams, Peter Forey 041528032X 9780415280327

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ISBN 10: 041528032X

ISBN 13: 9780415280327

Author: David M. Williams, Peter L. Forey

Presenting a historical analysis of the evolution of systematics during the last one hundred years, Milestones in Systematics reviews many of the major issues in systematic theory and practice that have driven the working methods of systematics during the 20th century and looks at the issues most likely to preoccupy systematists in the immediate.

Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Setting Up Milestones: Sneath On Adanson and Mayr On Darwin
Abstract
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 2: Launching the Society of Systematic Zoology In 1947
Abstract
Introduction
Organizing the Society: 1946–1947
Analysis: Themes Motivating a Sense of Need
Strong Support for Schmitt and Wharton
Where Does Blackwelder’s Narrative Fit?
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Archival Collections
References

Chapter 3: Explanations In Systematics
Abstract
Introduction
Fields Within Evolutionary Biology
Popper and Historical Analyses
Explanations In Science
Conclusions
References

Chapter 4: What Happens When the Language of Science Threatens to Break Down In Systematics: A Popperian Perspective
Abstract
Introduction
The Language of Science
The Problem of Induction
Universal Propositions and Singular Statements
Individuals
Testability In Systematics
Basic Statements
Universal Versus Singular (Basic) Statements In Systematics
Parsimony As a Method of Systematics
Parsimony, Hierarchy and ad hoc Auxiliary Hypotheses
The Test of Congruence
Likelihood
Sophisticated Methodological Falsificationism and the Sociology of Science
The Basic Problem of Systematics
Synthesis
Acknowledgments
References
Appendix I: An Exercise In the Logic of Phylogenetic Systematics
Appendix II: The True Tree

Chapter 5: Hennig’s Phylogenetic Systematics Brought Up to Date
Abstract
Introduction
What Is Missing from Hennig’s Original Methodological Repertoire?
Character Weighting
The Criterion of Parsimony
Outgroup Comparison
Unrooted Topologies
Distance Methods
Phylogenetic Cladistics: The Synthesis Between Hennig’s Method and Numerical Cladistics
Phenetic Cladistics: Elegant Analyses With Many Sources of Errors
The Necessity of a priori Weighting: Why Is Character Quality the Same As Probability of Homology?
A Theoretical Basis for a priori Character Weighting
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 6: Cladistics: Its Arrested Development
Abstract
Introduction
Numerical Taxonomy
Paleontology
Cladistics
Two Dinosaurs and the Bird
Paleontology of the Parts
Spezialisationskreuzungen or Its Chevauchement
Lungfishes: From Dollo to White to Miles’ Stones
Heterobathmie
Merkmalsphylogenie
Optimization As Idealistic Morphology
Geography: Where Progression Would Rule
More On Optimization
Biggest Is Best Is Truest Is Biggest Is …
The Buddha and the Bonaparte
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 7: Systematics and Paleontology
Abstract
Introduction
Nineteenth Century
Early Twentieth Century
Mid-Twentieth Century
Late Twentieth Century
Current Debates
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 8: Parsimony and Computers
Abstract
Historical Introduction
The Influence of Traditional Procedures
Maximum Likelihood
Extremum Principles In Science
Epilogue
References

Chapter 9: Homologues and Homology, Phenetics and Cladistics: 150 Years of Progress
Abstract
Introduction
Owen’s Milestone: Homologues and Homology, Analogues and Analogy
Patterson’s Milestone: Taxic and Transformational Homology
Recognizing Taxa and Taxic Homology
The Analysis of Homologues
Nelson’s Milestone: Homology As Relationship
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 10: From Dispersal to Geographic Congruence: Comments On Cladistic Biogeography In the Twentieth Century
Abstract
Introduction
External Forces
Internal Forces
Discussion
Conclusion: The Future
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 11: The Fall and Rise of Evolutionary Developmental Biology
Abstract
Introduction
What Is Evolutionary Developmental Biology?
Merging Together and Drifting Apart
The Rise of Evolutionary Developmental Biology
From Pairwise Comparison to Evolutionary Biology: 1990 Onward

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Tags: David Williams, Peter Forey, Milestones, systematics