Mineral trioxide aggregate properties and clinical applications 1st Edition by Mahmoud Torabinejad 111889250X 9781118892503

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ISBN 10: 111889250X 

ISBN 13: 9781118892503

Author: Mahmoud Torabinejad

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was developed more than 20 years ago to seal the pathways of communication of the root canal system. It’s currently the preferred material used by endodontists because of its superior properties such as its seal and biocompatibility that significantly improves outcomes of endodontic treatments.

Dr. Torabinejad, who was the principle investigator of the dental applications of MTA, and leading authorities on this subject provide a clinically focused reference detailing the properties and uses of MTA, including vital pulp therapy (pulp capping, pulpotomy), apexification, pulp regeneration, repair of root perforations, root end filling and root canal filling. Line illustrations and clinical photographs show proper technique. An accompanying website features photographs and video presentations for selected procedures using MTA.

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: Properties and Clinical Applications is an ideal book for dental students and endodontic residents learning procedures for the first time as well as practicing dentists and endodontists who would like to improve outcomes of endodontic treatments.

Table of contents:

1 Pulp and Periradicular Pathways, Pathosis, and Closure
Mahmoud Torabinejad
Pulp and Periradicular Pathways
Natural Pathways
Apical foramen
Lateral canals
Dentinal tubules
Pathological and Iatrogenic Pathways
Dental caries
Role of microorganisms
Root perforations
Root perforations during access preparation
Root perforations during cleaning and shaping
Root perforations during post space preparations
Vertical fracture
Periradicular Pathosis
Inflammatory process of periradicular lesions
Materials to Seal the Pathways to the Root Canal System and the Periodontium
References

2 Chemical Properties of MTA
David W. Berzins
Introduction
MTA Composition
Portland cement
Role of bismuth oxide and gypsum
MTA powder morphology
Trace elements and compounds
Setting Reactions
Setting time
Maturation
Factors that affect setting: additives and accelerants
Effect of water and moisture
Interaction with environment
Development of Reaction Zones
References

3 Physical Properties of MTA
Ricardo Caicedo and Lawrence Gettleman
Introduction
pH
Solubility
Setting Expansion
Radiopacity
Various Types of Strength
Compressive strength
Flexural strength
Shear strength
Push-out strength
Shear bond strength
Overview
Microhardness
Color and Aesthetics
Physicochemical Properties
Acknowledgment
References

4 MTA in Vital Pulp Therapy
Till Dammaschke, Joe H. Camp, and George Bogen
Introduction
Advantages
Pulp Responses to Capping Materials
Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Physiochemical properties
Mode of action in pulp capping and pulpotomy
Comparison with calcium hydroxide
Pulpotomy in Primary Teeth
MTA Pulpotomy
Primary teeth
Immature permanent teeth
Symptomatic permanent teeth
Pulp Capping in Teeth Diagnosed with Reversible Pulpitis
Treatment Considerations
Disadvantages
Summary
Acknowledgment
References

5 Management of Teeth with Necrotic Pulps and Open Apices
Shahrokh Shabahang and David E. Witherspoon
Diagnosis in Immature Teeth
History of Treating Immature Teeth
Infection Control in Immature Teeth
Apexification
Calcium Hydroxide Apexification Therapy: Outcomes
Non-Vital Pulp Therapy
Root-end closure via the use of apical barriers
Mineral trioxide aggregate apical plug
Technical placement
Outcomes
References

6 Regenerative Endodontics (Revitalization/Revascularization)
Mahmoud Torabinejad, Robert P. Corr, and George T.-J. Huang
Introduction
Revascularization after Replantation and Autotransplantation
Revitalization of Nonvital-Infected Teeth in Animals
Clinical Evidence for Revitalization in Nonvital-Infected Teeth in Humans
Potential Role of Stem Cells in Canal Tissue Generation and Regeneration
Role of DPSCs and SCAP in revitalization and regenerative endodontic treatments
Scaffolds and growth factors for regenerative endodontics (Revitalization)
Clinical Procedures for Pulp Revitalization
First appointment
Second appointment
Clinical and radiographic follow-up
References

7 Use of MTA as Root Perforation Repair
Mahmoud Torabinejad and Ron Lemon
Introduction
Types of Perforation Defects
Access preparation-related perforations
Cleaning and shaping related (“strip”) perforations
Resorption-related perforations (internal/external)
Factors Influencing Prognosis for Repair
Size of perforation
Location of the perforation
Pulp Chamber Perforations
Etiologies
Prevention
Recognition and treatment of pulp chamber perforations
Lateral surface repairs
Furcation repairs
Root Perforations During Cleaning and Shaping
Coronal root perforations
Causes, indicators and prevention
Treatment
Prognosis
Lateral perforations
Causes and indicators
Treatment of mid-root perforation
Prognosis
Apical perforations
Causes and indicators
Treatment
Prognosis
Root Perforation during Post Space preparation
Causes, indicators and prevention
Treatment
Prognosis
Time elapsed since perforation
Techniques for Internal Repair Using MTA
Method
Summary
References

8 MTA Root Canal Obturation
George Bogen, Ingrid Lawaty, and Nicholas Chandler
Introduction
Charactertics/Properties
Mechanisms of action in obturation
Particle size
Hydration products and pH
Formation of interstitial layer
Fracture resistance
Sealing ability and setting expansion
Applications/Uses
Conventional obturation
Retreatment
Obturation prior to surgery
Obturation with perforation repair
Apexification using MTA obturation
Obturation for dental anomalies
Obturation Techniques
Standard compaction technique
Lawaty technique
Auger technique
Restorative Considerations
Drawbacks
Sealers
Zinc oxide–eugenol sealers
Calcium hydroxide sealers
Epoxy resin-based sealers
Glass ionomer sealers
Silicone-based sealers
Monoblock sealer systems
Calcium silicate-based sealers
Summary
References

9 Root-End Fillings Using MTA
Seung-Ho Baek and Su-Jung Shin
Introduction of Root-End Filling Materials
Purpose of root-end fillings
History of Root-End Filling Materials
Amalgam
ZOE-based materials: IRM and SuperEBA
Resin-based materials: Retroplast and Geristore
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
Gray vs. White MTA
New types of MTA-like cements
Requirements of Ideal Root-End Filling Materials
Advantages and disadvantages of MTA as a root-end filling material
Advantages of MTA
Disadvantages of MTA
MTA as a Root-End Filling Material
Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility
Bioactivity
Sealability
Antibacterial effect
Clinical Applications of MTA
Retropreparation and root-end filling
Cavity preparation for MTA root-end filling
Mixing procedure
Methods for placement of MTA
Clinical outcomes
Conclusion
References

10 Calcium Silicate–Based Cements
Masoud Parirokh and Mahmoud Torabinejad
Introduction
Portland Cement (PC)
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Antibacterial activity
Sealing ability
Biocompatibility
Cell culture studies
Subcutaneous implantation
In vivo investigations
Clinical applications
Limitations
Angelus MTA
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Antibacterial activity
Sealing ability
Biocompatibility properties
Cell structure studies
Subcutaneous implantation
Intraosseous implantation
In vivo investigations
Clinical applications
Bioaggregate (BA)
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Antibacterial activity
Sealing ability
Biocompatibility
Cell culture studies
Biodentine (BD)
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Biocompatibility and clinical applications
iRoot
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Biocompatibility
Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) Cement
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Antibacterial activities
Sealing ability
Biocompatibility
Cell culture studies
Skin test and subcutaneous implantation
Intraosseous implantation
In vivo investigations
Clinical investigations
MTA Fillapex
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Antibacterial activities
Biocompatibility
Cell culture studies
Subcutaneous implantation
Endo-CPM
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Antibacterial activity
Sealing ability
Biocompatibility
Cell culture studies
Subcutaneous implantation
In vivo investigations
Cimento Endodontico Rapido (CER)
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Biocompatibility
Subcutaneous implantation
Endosequence
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Antibacterial activities
Sealing ability
Biocompatibility
Cell culture studies
EndoSequence BC Sealer
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Biocompatibility
ProRoot Endo Sealer
Chemical composition
Physical properties
MTA Plus
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Ortho MTA
Chemical composition
Biocompatibility
Cell culture studies
MTA Bio
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Biocompatibility
Cell culture studies
Subcutaneous implantation
MTA Sealer (MTAS)
Chemical compositions and physical properties
Fluoride-Doped MTA Cement
Chemical composition
Physical properties
Sealing ability
Capasio
Chemical composition and physical properties
Generex A
Chemical composition and physical properties
Biocompatibility
Cell culture study
Ceramicrete-D
Chemical composition and physical properties
Nano-Modified MTA (NMTA)
Chemical composition and physical properties
Light-Cured MTA
Chemical composition and physical properties
Biocompatibility
Subcutaneous implantation
Calcium Silicate (CS)
Chemical composition and physical properties
Endocem
Chemical composition and physical properties
Biocompatibility
Cell culture study
Other Experimental MTA Lookalike Mixtures
Conclusion

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Tags: Mahmoud Torabinejad, Mineral, aggregate, properties