Nanotechnology Principles and Applications 1st Edition by Rakesh Sindhu, Mansi Chitkara, Inderjeet Singh Sandhu – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9814877433, 9789814877435
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ISBN 10: 9814877433
ISBN 13: 9789814877435
Author: Rakesh K. Sindhu, Mansi Chitkara, Inderjeet Singh Sandhu
This book gives a summary of the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology and includes materials and technologies that help in developing particles of various sizes, which can be utilized in different areas of research. It discusses the role of nanotechnology in different aspects, such as healthcare, especially in target-specific drug therapy for managing a number of medical disorders; agriculture, for developing smart field systems; and food industry, for improving and stabilizing the quality, healthiness, and shelf life of food. Being multidisciplinary, this book brings together the principles, theory, practices, and applications of not only nanotechnology but also those of nanobiotechnology, pharmaceuticals, food packaging, biosensors, and electronic devices. The book will be an exhilarating read for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students, general readers interested in nanotechnology, and researchers in chemistry, biology, and engineering. The scope of the book extends from basic research in physics, chemistry, and biology, including computational work and simulations, through to the development of new devices and technologies for applications in a wide range of industrial sectors (including information technology, medicine, manufacturing, high-performance materials, and energy and environmental technologies). It covers organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials and is an interdisciplinary book.
Table of contents:
1. Introduction and Basics of Nanotechnology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Historical Background
1.3 Classification of Nanoparticles
1.3.1 Nanoparticles Based on Origin
1.3.1.1 Natural nanomaterials
1.3.1.2 Synthetic (engineered) nanomaterials
1.3.2 Nanoparticles Based on Dimensional Structures
1.3.2.1 One-dimensional nanoparticles
1.3.2.2 Two-dimensional nanoparticles
1.3.2.3 Three-dimensional nanoparticles
1.3.3 Nanoparticles Based on Material
1.3.3.1 Carbon-based nanomaterials
1.3.3.2 Inorganic nanomaterials
1.3.3.3 Organic nanomaterials
1.3.3.4 Composite-based nanomaterials
1.4 Various Approaches for Synthesis of Nanoparticles
1.4.1 Physical Methods
1.4.1.1 Sol-gel technique
1.4.1.2 Solvothermal synthesis
1.4.1.3 Emulsion-solvent evaporation method
1.4.1.4 Double emulsion and evaporation method
1.4.1.5 Emulsion-diffusion method
1.4.1.6 Solvent displacement/precipitation method
1.4.1.7 Solvent evaporation technique
1.4.1.8 Solvent displacement technique
1.4.1.9 Emulsification/solvent diffusion technique
1.4.2 Chemical Methods
1.4.2.1 Supercritical antisolvent
1.4.2.2 Chemical reduction
1.4.2.3 Laser ablation
1.4.2.4 Inert gas condensation
1.4.2.5 Salting out method
1.4.2.6 Salting out technique
1.4.2.7 Dialysis method
1.4.2.8 Emulsification/solvent diffusion
1.4.2.9 Nanoprecipitation method
1.4.2.10 Polymerization method
1.4.2.11 Coacervation or ionic gelation method
1.4.2.12 Ionic gelation or coacervation of hydrophilic polymers
1.5 Characterization Parameters of Nanoparticles
1.5.1 Particle Size and Surface Morphology Characterization
1.5.2 Zeta Potential
1.6 Application of Nanotechnology in Various Fields
1.6.1 Applications in Medical Technology, Drug Delivery, and Diagnosis of Diseases
1.6.2 Nanotechnology in Electronics/Nanoelectronics
1.6.3 Nanotechnology in Food Science
1.6.4 Nanotechnology in Fuel Cells and Solar Cells
1.6.5 Nanotechnology for Better Air Quality
1.6.6 Nanotechnology for Improvement of Fuel Availability
1.6.7 Nanotechnology in Reduction of Water Pollution
1.6.8 Nanotechnology for Improvement of Fabrics
1.6.9 Nanotechnology in Chemical and Biological Sensors
1.7 Future Prospects of Nanotechnology
1.8 Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Long Answer Questions
Short Answer Questions
2. Application of Nanotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Historical Background
2.2.1 Loading of Drugs
2.2.2 Drug Release
2.3 Nanoparticle Delivery System
2.3.1 Properties of Nanoparticles
2.3.2 Disadvantages of Nanoparticles
2.4 Nanoparticles: Classification
2.4.1 Depending on the Nature of Nanoparticles
2.4.1.1 Organic nanoparticles
2.4.1.2 Inorganic nanoparticles
2.4.2 Depending on Physical and Chemical Basis
2.4.2.1 Carbon-based nanoparticles
2.4.2.2 Ceramic nanoparticles
2.4.2.3 Semiconductor nanoparticles
2.4.2.4 Polymeric nanoparticles
2.4.2.5 Lipid-based nanoparticles
2.4.2.6 Nanocarriers
2.5 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
2.5.1 Top-Down Method
2.5.2 Bottom-Up Method
2.6 Properties of Nanoparticles
2.6.1 Chemical Properties
2.6.2 Physical Characteristics
2.7 Characterization
2.8 Nanoparticles and Their Technological Enhancements
2.8.1 Biomedical and Nanomedical Applications
2.8.2 Smart Drug-Delivery Technology
2.8.3 Nanopharmaceuticals
2.8.4 Cancer Treatments
2.8.5 Application in Diagnostic Technique
2.8.6 Sensors with the Aid of Nanotechnology
2.8.7 Nanotechnology in Food Science
2.8.8 Nanoparticles in Ophthalmic Delivery
2.8.9 Nanotechnology in Heart Disease
2.9 Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
3. Nanographenes for Renewable Energy
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Major Aspects of Graphene Chemistry
3.3 Synthesis Strategy of Graphene for Advancing Renewable Energy Utilization
3.4 Potential Areas where Graphene Can Maximize Renewable Energy Output
3.4.1 Batteries
3.4.2 Renewable Fuels
3.4.3 Photovoltaic Cells
3.4.3.1 Graphene-based materials for DSSCs
3.5 Application of Graphene Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
3.6 Future Directions
3.7 Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
4. Nanotechnology: Applications, Opportunities, and Constraints in Agriculture
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nanotechnology
4.3 Nano-farming: Novel Approach in Agriculture
4.4 Mechanism of Uptake and Diffusion of Nanoparticles in the Biological System
4.5 Nano-products in Precision Agriculture
4.5.1 Seed Germination
4.5.2 Nano-fertilizers
4.5.3 Shelf Life Extension for Fruits and Vegetables
4.5.4 Nano-pesticides
4.5.5 Plant Nanobionics and Photosynthesis
4.5.6 Plant Genetic Engineering and Nanomaterials
4.5.7 Atomically Modified Seeds
4.5.8 Internet of Nano-Things in Farming
4.5.9 Nanobiosensors
4.5.9.1 Three parts of nanobiosensors
4.6 Constraints
4.7 Key Challenges Ahead
4.7.1 Societal Effects
4.7.2 Cost and Access
4.7.3 Environmental and Human Health Risks
4.8 Conclusion and Future Prospect
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
5. Nanotechnological Advances for Nutraceutical Delivery
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Classification of Nutraceuticals
5.3 Problems in Nutraceuticals Delivery
5.3.1 Bioavailability
5.4 Nanotechnology in Nutraceuticals
5.5 Various Nanocarriers for Nutraceuticals
5.5.1 Polymeric Micelles
5.5.2 Nanoparticles
5.5.3 Metal Nanoparticles
5.5.4 Hybrid Nanoparticles
5.5.5 Targeted Delivery System
5.5.6 Nanoemulsion
5.5.7 Nanosuspension
5.5.8 Liposome
5.6 Application of Nanotechnology for Delivery of Nutraceuticals
5.7 Market Potential
5.8 Future Scope
5.9 Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
6. Nanobiotechnology: Applications and Future Prospects
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Pros of Nanobiotechnology
6.3 Applications of Nanobiotechnology
6.3.1 Diagnostic Applications
6.3.2 Detection
6.3.3 Individual Target Probe
6.3.4 Protein Chips
6.3.5 Sparse Cell Detection
6.3.6 Nanotechnology as a Device in Imaging
6.3.7 Therapeutic Applications
6.3.8 Nanobiotechnology in the Food Sector
6.3.9 Drug Delivery
6.3.10 Liposomes
6.3.11 Surfaces
6.3.12 Biomolecular Engineering
6.3.13 Biopharmaceuticals
6.3.14 Nanotechnology in Cardiovascular Treatment
6.3.15 Nanotechnology in Dental Care
6.3.16 Nanotechnology in Orthopedic Treatment
6.4 Future Prospects of Nanobiotechnology
6.5 Challenges for Nanobiotechnology
6.6 Future Scope
6.7 Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
7. Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Formation Rationale and Variations of Nanocomposites
7.2.1 Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites
7.2.1.1 Processing methods
7.2.1.2 Structural overview
7.2.2 Metal Matrix Nanocomposite
7.2.2.1 Processing and preparation
7.2.3 Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites
7.2.3.1 Processing approaches
7.2.3.2 Properties of PMNCs
7.3 Characterizations of Nanocomposites
7.3.1 Optical Characterization
7.3.1.1 Scanning electron microscopy
7.3.1.2 Transmission electron microscopy
7.3.1.3 Atomic force microscopy
7.3.2 Crystal Structure Inspection
7.3.3 Spectroscopic Characterization
7.3.3.1 Fluorescence spectroscopy
7.3.3.2 Solid-state NMR spectroscopy
7.3.3.3 Infrared and Raman spectroscopy
7.4 Material Significance of Nanocomposites in Inter- and Cross-Disciplinary Domains
7.4.1 Aerospace Sector
7.4.2 Automotive Industry
7.4.3 Food Packaging
7.4.3.1 Direct contact of food with active components
7.4.3.2 Gas barrier packaging materials
7.4.4 Biomedical Applications
7.4.4.1 Orthopedic implants
7.4.4.2 Dental implants
7.4.4.3 Tissue engineering
7.4.4.4 Drug-delivery system for cancer treatment
7.4.5 Electronic Applications
7.5 Future Directions and Inspirations
7.6 Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
8. Nanobiosensors and Their Applications
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Principle and Working
8.3 Nanobiosensors: Types and Functionalization
8.3.1 Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors
8.3.1.1 Acoustic wave biosensors
8.3.1.2 Magnetic biosensors
8.3.1.3 Electrochemical biosensors
8.3.2 Nanotube-Based Sensors (Carbon Nanotubes)
8.3.2.1 Functionalization of CNTs
8.3.3 Nanowire-Based Sensors
8.3.3.1 Functionalization of Si/metal nanowires
8.3.3.2 Functionalization of conducting polymer nanowire
8.3.4 Silver
8.3.5 Gold
8.3.5.1 Uses of gold nanoparticle biosensors
8.3.6 Graphene
8.3.7 PEBBLE Nanobiosensors
8.3.8 Semiconductor
8.3.8.1 Functionalization of colloidal quantum dots
8.4 Selection and Optimization of Nanomaterials for Nanobiosensor Technology
8.5 Applications of Nanobiosensors
8.5.1 Biological, Biomedical, and Diagnostic Applications
8.5.1.1 In cancer detection
8.5.2 Environmental Applications
8.5.3 Application in Food Analysis
8.5.3.1 Nanobiosensors in agriculture and agroproducts
8.5.4 Miscellaneous Applications
8.5.4.1 Microorganism detection
8.6 Current Trends and Recent Developments in Nanobiosensors
8.7 Future of Nanobiosensors
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
9. Nanofertilizers: Applications and Future Prospects
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Nanofertilizers
9.3 Manufacturing of Nanofertilizers
9.4 Types of Nanofertilizers
9.4.1 Macronutrient-Based Nanofertilizers
9.4.1.1 Nitrogen nanofertilizers
9.4.1.2 Phosphorus nanofertilizers
9.4.1.3 Potassium nanofertilizers
9.4.1.4 Calcium nanofertilizers
9.4.1.5 Magnesium nanofertilizers
9.4.1.6 Sulfur nanofertilizers
9.4.2 Micronutrient-Based Nanofertilizers
9.4.2.1 Iron nanofertilizers
9.4.2.2 Zinc nanofertilizers
9.4.2.3 Copper nanofertilizers
9.4.2.4 Manganese nanofertilizers
9.4.2.5 Boron nanofertilizers
9.4.2.6 Molybdenum nanofertilizers
9.4.2.7 Nickel nanofertilizers
9.4.3 Biofertilizers-Based Nanofertilizers
9.4.3.1 Effects on morphological and physiological aspects
9.4.3.2 Enhanced nutritional security in plant system
9.4.3.3 Improved pests and pathogen resistance
9.5 Future Prospects
9.6 Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
10. Nanotechnology in Food Production
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nanomaterials in Food
10.2.1 Nanoemulsions
10.2.2 Nanoparticles
10.2.3 Nanocomposites
10.2.4 Nanostructured Materials
10.3 Nanotechnology in Food Processing
10.3.1 Improvement in Texture, Flavor, and Appearance of Food
10.3.2 Nutritional Value of Food
10.3.3 Improvement in Shelf Life
10.3.4 Nanoencapsulation
10.4 Nanotechnology in Food Packaging
10.4.1 Biobased Packaging
10.4.2 Improved Packaging
10.4.3 Active Packaging
10.4.4 Smart Packaging
10.4.5 Detection of Pathogens with Nanosensors
10.5 Safety Issues
10.6 Regulations for Food Nanotechnology
10.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
11. Nanophotocatalysts: Applications and Future Scope
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Mechanism of Photocatalysis
11.3 Types of Photocatalysts
11.4 Overview of Nanomaterials
11.4.1 Inorganic Semiconductor Materials
11.4.2 Quantum Confinement Effect
11.4.3 Doped Semiconductor Nanomaterials
11.5 Synthesis of Nanomaterials
11.5.1 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
11.5.1.1 Top-down approach
11.5.1.2 Bottom-up approach
11.6 Characterization Tools and Techniques
11.6.1 X-Ray Diffraction
11.6.2 Electron Microscopy
11.6.2.1 Scanning Electron Microscope
11.6.2.2 Transmission Electron Microscope
11.6.3 UV-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy
11.6.4 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
11.7 Nanostructured Photocatalysts
11.7.1 Binary Semiconductor Photocatalysts
11.7.2 Ternary Oxide Photocatalyst
11.7.2.1 AB2O4 type
11.7.2.2 ABO2 type
11.7.2.3 ABO4 type
11.7.2.4 Ternary oxide photocatalyst (ABxCy)
11.7.3 Solid Solution Photocatalysts
11.7.4 Nanocomposites
11.8 Applications
11.8.1 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
11.8.2 Wastewater Treatment
11.8.3 Photocatalytic Disinfection
11.8.4 Air Purification
11.9 Conclusion and Future Scope
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
12. Nanotechnology in Food Packaging: Current Uses and Future Applications
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Improved Packaging Using Nanotechnology
12.2.1 Active Packaging
12.2.1.1 Flavor or odor scavengers
12.2.1.2 Ethylene forager
12.2.2 Intelligent/Smart Packaging
12.2.2.1 Radiofrequency identification systems (active tags)
12.2.2.2 Smart sensors
12.2.2.3 Time—temperature indicators
12.2.3 Freshness Indicators
12.2.4 Integrity Indicators
12.3 Commercially Available Food-Packaging Systems
12.3.1 Nanomaterials
12.3.2 Nanoparticles
12.3.3 Nanocomposites
12.3.4 Chemical-Release Nanopackaging
12.3.5 Nano-Based Antimicrobial Packaging
12.3.6 Antimicrobial Packing
12.3.7 Nanosensors
12.3.8 Nanobiodegradable Packaging
12.3.9 Nanocoatings
12.3.10 Nanolaminates
12.3.11 Clay Nanoparticles and Nanocrystals
12.4 Nanotechnology Applications in Processing and Packaging of Foods
12.5 Safety Issues and Regulations
12.6 Conclusion
12.7 Future Scope
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
13. Biomedical Diagnostics through Nanocomputing
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Nanotechnology in Medical Science
13.2.1 Nanorobots
13.2.2 Structure and Design of Nanorobots
13.2.2.1 Components of nanorobots
13.2.3 Types of Nanorobots
13.2.4 Applications of Nanorobots in Medicine
13.3 Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
14. Nanofluids: Current Applications and Future Challenges
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Types of Nanofluids
14.3 Preparation
14.3.1 One-Step Method
14.3.2 Two-Step Method
14.4 Stability of Nanofluids
14.5 Applications of Nanofluids
14.5.1 Electronic Applications
14.5.1.1 Microscale fluidic use
14.5.1.2 Cooling of microchips
14.5.2 Motorized Applications
14.5.2.1 Nanofluids in fuels
14.5.2.2 Nanofluids as coolant
14.5.2.3 Nanofluids as braking and various vehicular fluids
14.5.3 Gas Absorption, Mass Transfer, and Separation
14.5.4 Nanofluid Phase Change Materials
14.5.5 Biomedical Applications of Nanofluids
14.5.6 Nanofluid for Oil Recovery
14.5.7 Heat Transfer Applications
14.5.7.1 Industrial cooling applications
14.5.7.2 Nuclear Reactors
14.5.8 Uses of Nanofluids in Chemical Reactions
14.5.9 Solar Energy Harvesting
14.6 Merits of Nanofluids
14.7 Demerits of Nanofluids
14.8 Future Outlook and Upcoming Challenges in Nanofluids
14.9 Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer Key
Short Answer Questions
Long Answer Questions
15. Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts, Approaches, and Applications
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Need of Nanoelectronics
15.3 Basic Underlying Principle
15.3.1 Quantum Tunneling
15.3.2 Coulomb Blockade
15.4 Microelectronic Transistors
15.4.1 Solid-State Quantum Effect and Single Electron Nanoelectronic Devices
15.4.1.1 Quantum dots
15.4.1.2 Resonant tunneling diodes
15.4.1.3 Single electron transistor
15.5 Conclusion and Future Aspects
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Tags: Rakesh Sindhu, Mansi Chitkara, Inderjeet Singh Sandhu, Nanotechnology