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Nature in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times Exploration of a Critical Relationship 1st Edition by Albrecht Classen ISBN 3111387232 9783111387239

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Author(s): Albrecht Classen
ISBN(s): 9783111387239, 3111387232
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 178.03 MB
Year: 2024
Language: english
SKU: EB-57971290 Category: Tag:

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ISBN 10: 3111387232 
ISBN 13: 9783111387239
Author: Albrecht Classen

The study of pre-modern anthropology requires the close examination of the relationship between nature and human society, which has been both precarious and threatening as well as productive, soothing, inviting, and pleasurable. Much depends on the specific circumstances, as the works by philosophers, theologians, poets, artists, and medical practitioners have regularly demonstrated. It would not be good enough, as previous scholarship has commonly done, to examine simply what the various writers or artists had to say about nature. While modern scientists consider just the hard-core data of the objective world, cultural historians and literary scholars endeavor to comprehend the deeper meaning of the concept of nature presented by countless writers and artists. Only when we have a good grasp of the interactions between people and their natural environment, are we in a position to identify and interpret mental structures, social and economic relationships, medical and scientific concepts of human health, and the messages about all existence as depicted in major art works. In light of the current conditions threatening to bring upon us a global crisis, it matters centrally to take into consideration pre-modern discourses on nature and its enormous powers to understand the topoi and tropes determining the concepts through which we perceive nature. Nature thus proves to be a force far beyond all human comprehensibility, being both material and spiritual depending on our critical approaches.

Nature in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times Exploration of a Critical Relationship 1st Table of contents:

  1. Albrecht Classen Introduction
  2. Summaries
  3. Acknowledgements
  4. Albrecht Classen Nature and Human Society in the Pre-Modern World
  5. Introduction
  6. Anthropocene
  7. Human Interaction with Nature
  8. Topology of Nature: Ernst Robert Curtius
  9. Critical Perspectives, Today and in the Middle Ages
  10. Late Medieval Visual Depictions of Nature
  11. The Physiologus – Again: An Epistemological Riddle
  12. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
  13. Hartmann von Aue and Gottfried von Strassburg
  14. Automata Imitating Nature
  15. Philosophical Perspectives
  16. Past and Present Concerns
  17. Der Stricker, Pfaffe Amîs
  18. Final Observations
  19. Fidel Fajardo-Acosta Unnatural Humans: The Misbegotten Monsters of Beowulf
  20. Nature and Human Society
  21. The Natural and the Unnatural
  22. Biblical Beowulf
  23. Unnatural Sex: Miscegenation, Bestiality, and Incest
  24. Unnatural Arts: Swords, Treasures, Magic, Seduction and Deception
  25. Curse of Cain, Curse of Beowulf
  26. Conclusion
  27. Marialuisa Caparrini Natural Environment in the Old English Orosius: Ohthere’s Travel Accounts in Norway
  28. Introduction
  29. The Old English Orosius
  30. The Geographical Section in the Old English Orosius
  31. Ohthere and Wulfstan’s Travels
  32. An Ecocritical Re-reading of Ohthere’s Voyages in Northern Europe
  33. Conclusion
  34. Wendy Pfeffer When Is a Good Time? Health Advice and the Months of the Year
  35. Introduction
  36. Secretum secretorum or Secret of Secrets
  37. Regimina duodecim mensium, Monthly Diet Calendars
  38. Letter of Hippocrates
  39. Occitan Health Advice, the Conselhs occitans de santat or Diététique provençale
  40. Conclusion
  41. Nicole Archambeau Humans Serving Nature: Beekeeping and Bee Products in Piero de Crescenzi’s Ruralia commoda
  42. Introduction
  43. Bees as Part of Nature
  44. Bees’ Needs and the Human Custos
  45. Conclusion
  46. Albrecht Classen Medieval Epistemology and the Perception of Nature: From the Physiologus to John of Garland and the Niederrheinische Orientbericht. Bestiaries and the ‘Book of Nature’
  47. Introduction: The Bifurcation of the Study of Nature
  48. Physiologus
  49. Medieval Vernacular Perspectives of Nature and Epistemology
  50. Medieval Hermeneutics
  51. John of Garland
  52. The Bestiary Tradition in the Niederrheinische Orientbericht?
  53. Or: The Merging of Two Discourses on Nature
  54. Konrad von Megenberg
  55. Conclusion
  56. Warren Tormey Waste, Excess, and Profligacy as Critiques of Authority in Fourteenth-Century English Literature
  57. Introduction: Waste as Biological Inevitability and Basic Human Practice
  58. Waste Management, Social Organization, and Cultural Authority
  59. Waste as a Literary Construct
  60. Wynnere and Wastoure
  61. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
  62. Chaucer’s “Knight’s Tale”
  63. Conclusion
  64. Fabian Alfie “A New Flood Was Released from the Heavens”: The Literary Responses to the Disaster of 1333
  65. Introduction
  66. The Florentine Chroniclers: Domenico Lenzi, the Baldovinetti Brothers, and Giovanni Villani
  67. Antonio Pucci
  68. The Poets Adriano de’ Rossi and Marino Ceccoli
  69. Appendix
  70. I. Sirventese
  71. II. Antonio Pucci: From the Centiloquio
  72. I. Serventes
  73. II. Antonio Pucci: From the Centiloquio
  74. Chiara Benati The Environmental Causes of the Plague and their Terminology in the German Pestbücher of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
  75. Introduction
  76. Theories on the Environmental Causes of the Plague
  77. Vernacular Sources on the Causes of the Plague: Establishing a Corpus
  78. Vernacular Sources on the Causes of the Plague and Their Terminology
  79. The Plague Regimen of Three Strassburg Masters, Also Known as Schatz der wijßheit vnd der kunst verborgenlich
  80. Jakob Engelin’s Also das ein mensch zeichen gewun
  81. Hans Wirker’s Ain Regiment sich zů behieten vor der uergiftigenn vnrainen bösen Pestilentz
  82. Heinrich Steinhöwel’s Büchlein der Ordnung der Pestilentz
  83. Hieronymus Brunschwig’s Liber pestilentialis
  84. The Terminology for the Environmental Causes of the Plague in Other Vernacular Texts
  85. Conclusion
  86. Connie L. Scarborough Island, Grove, Bark, and Pith: Nature Metaphors in Teresa de Cartagena
  87. Introduction
  88. Biographical Aspects
  89. Arboleda de los enfermos – The “Island” of Deafeness
  90. The Grove or Arboleda
  91. The Convent Metaphor
  92. Admiraçión operum Dey
  93. Corteza/meollo Metaphor
  94. Conclusion
  95. Nurit Golan Nature, Art, and Human Perception in Giulio Romano’s Room of the Giants at the Palazzo del Te, Mantua (1532–1535)
  96. The Palazzo del Te
  97. Disorientation in the Room of the Giants
  98. Destabilizing Perception
  99. The Search for Truth
  100. The Role of the Artist
  101. Conclusion
  102. David Tomíček Human Body, Natural Causes, and Aging of the World in Czech-Language Sources of the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period
  103. Introduction
  104. Human as a Microcosm
  105. Natural Causes of Aging of the Human Body
  106. Senectus Mundi and the End of the World
  107. Conclusion
  108. Filip Hrbek Perception of Air Quality in the Czech Lands of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
  109. Introduction
  110. Human Health and Environment
  111. Topographies
  112. Medical Authors
  113. Early Modern Towns
  114. Conclusion
  115. Thomas Willard Johann Arndt’s Book of Nature: Medieval Ideas During the German Reformation
  116. Introduction
  117. Arndt’s Life and Reputation
  118. Arndt’s Opus Magnum
  119. Arndt’s Changing Reputation
  120. Conclusion
  121. John Pizer Imitation vs. Allegorization: Martin Opitz’s Influential Proposal Concerning Poetic Reflections on Nature
  122. Introduction
  123. The Idealized Concept of Nature in Opitz’s Book of German Poetry
  124. The Imitation of Nature in the Enlightenment Age: Gottsched in the Wake of Opitz
  125. Charles Batteux’s Influential Poetic Imitation of Nature Principle: Its Parallels to and Differences with Opitz’s and Gottsched’s Views
  126. The Tangled Poetic Impulses in Opitz’s Didactic Poem Vesuvius
  127. Poema Germanicum: Nature Imitation, Allegory, and Lessons for Society
  128. The Sublime in Vesuvius: Anticipating Burke and Kant and Following the Lead of Seneca
  129. Conclusion
  130. Pascale Barthe François Bernier and Nature in Kashmir: Belonging in Paradise?
  131. Introduction
  132. To Kashmir: Nature Domesticated?
  133. Pardis, Garden of Eden
  134. A Garden of Mystics and Poets
  135. Bernier in Kashmir: Being firangi
  136. Conclusion
  137. Reinhold Münster Cosmology and Pre-Modern Anthropology
  138. Pre-Conditions of a Pre-Modern Anthropology
  139. The Question Concerning Pre-Modern Anthropology
  140. The Mechanistic Worldview and the Image of Human Beings
  141. New Cosmologies in the Early Modern Period
  142. Francis Godwin
  143. Aphra Behn, Baltasar Venator, and Saverien Cyrano de Bergerac
  144. Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle
  145. Immanuel Kant and Voltaire
  146. Emanuel Swedenborg
  147. Early Modern Cosmology and the Concept of Nature
  148. The Contribution of Literature
  149. William Mahan Praising Perchta as the Embodiment of Nature’s Cycles: Worship and Demonization of Perchta and Holda in Medieval and Early Modern Culture
  150. Introduction
  151. Perchta’s Origins
  152. Perchta’s Medieval and Early Modern Identities
  153. Religious Critique: The Sinful Worship of Perchta
  154. Perchta as Punisher of Sinners and Children: Religious and Folkloric Adaptation and Assimilation
  155. Remnants of Perchta in Romanticism
  156. Conclusion
  157. Biographies of the Contributors

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