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ISBN 10: 0262537176
ISBN 13: 978-0262537179
Author: Nolen Gertz
An examination of the meaning of meaninglessness: why it matters that nothing matters.
When someone is labeled a nihilist, it’s not usually meant as a compliment. Most of us associate nihilism with destructiveness and violence. Nihilism means, literally, “an ideology of nothing. “ Is nihilism, then, believing in nothing? Or is it the belief that life is nothing? Or the belief that the beliefs we have amount to nothing? If we can learn to recognize the many varieties of nihilism, Nolen Gertz writes, then we can learn to distinguish what is meaningful from what is meaningless. In this addition to the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Gertz traces the history of nihilism in Western philosophy from Socrates through Hannah Arendt and Jean-Paul Sartre.
Although the term “nihilism” was first used by Friedrich Jacobi to criticize the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, Gertz shows that the concept can illuminate the thinking of Socrates, Descartes, and others. It is Nietzsche, however, who is most associated with nihilism, and Gertz focuses on Nietzsche’s thought. Gertz goes on to consider what is not nihilism—pessimism, cynicism, and apathy—and why; he explores theories of nihilism, including those associated with Existentialism and Postmodernism; he considers nihilism as a way of understanding aspects of everyday life, calling on Adorno, Arendt, Marx, and prestige television, among other sources; and he reflects on the future of nihilism. We need to understand nihilism not only from an individual perspective, Gertz tells us, but also from a political one.
Nihilism 1st Table of contents:
Introduction
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Defining Nihilism: A Look at Its Origins and Evolution
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Key Questions in Nihilistic Philosophy
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The Relevance of Nihilism in Contemporary Thought
Part I: Historical Roots of Nihilism
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Early Precursors to Nihilism
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Ancient Philosophies of Meaninglessness: The Stoics, Skeptics, and Cynics
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Influence of Religious Thought: The Void in Eastern and Western Traditions
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Medieval Views on Nihilism: Theological Perspectives
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Nihilism in Modern Philosophy
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The Rise of Nihilism in the 19th Century
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Friedrich Nietzsche: The Death of God and the Will to Power
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Schopenhauer and the Pessimistic View of Existence
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Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling: Faith in a Nihilistic World
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Nihilism and the Enlightenment
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The Enlightenment’s Challenge to Traditional Authority and Belief Systems
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The Crisis of Meaning Post-Enlightenment: The Loss of Absolute Truths
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Nihilism and Secularism: A Response to the Decline of Religious Metanarratives
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Part II: Core Themes in Nihilistic Thought
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The Absurd and the Search for Meaning
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Albert Camus and the Myth of Sisyphus: Facing the Absurd
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The Concept of the Absurd in Modern Existentialism
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Overcoming the Absurd: Acceptance vs. Rebellion
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The Rejection of Meaning and Morality
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The Nihilistic Rejection of Objective Morality
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Moral Relativism and Nihilism: Is There a Ground for Ethical Action?
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Nietzsche’s Concept of Master and Slave Morality
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Nihilism, Reality, and the Universe
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The Concept of Cosmic Nihilism: The Indifference of the Universe
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The Absence of Objective Meaning in the Cosmos
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Nihilism and the Limitations of Human Knowledge
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Part III: Nihilism in Literature and Culture
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Nihilism in Literature
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The Influence of Nihilism in Russian Literature: Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Turgenev
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Modern Fiction and the Absurd: Kafka, Beckett, and Camus
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Nihilism in Contemporary Fiction: A Legacy in the 20th and 21st Century
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Nihilism in Popular Culture
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Depictions of Nihilism in Film, Television, and Art
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Nihilism and the Rise of Postmodern Culture
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The Role of Nihilism in Music and Subcultures
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Nihilism and the Postmodern Condition
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The Role of Postmodernism in Reinforcing Nihilistic Thought
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The Death of Grand Narratives and the Fragmentation of Meaning
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Nihilism as a Response to Globalization and Technological Advancements
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Part IV: Critiques and Responses to Nihilism
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Criticism of Nihilism
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The Ethical Consequences of Nihilism: Is It Destructive or Liberating?
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Nihilism and Political Theory: Does Nihilism Lead to Fascism or Anarchy?
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Arguments for Meaning: Can We Find Purpose Despite Nihilism?
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Responses to Nihilism
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Existentialist Responses: Absurdism and the Creation of Meaning
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Overcoming Nihilism: The Search for New Values (Post-Nihilism)
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The Role of Art, Love, and Individual Freedom in Counteracting Nihilism
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Part V: Contemporary Perspectives
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Nihilism in the 21st Century
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The Reemergence of Nihilistic Thought in Modern Philosophy
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Nihilism in the Age of Technology and Globalization
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Does Nihilism Have a Place in the Modern World?
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Nihilism and Human Flourishing
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The Challenge of Living a Fulfilling Life in a Nihilistic World
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Finding Meaning in the Absence of Objective Purpose
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The Future of Nihilism: Will It Become More Relevant or Be Replaced?
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Conclusion
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Nihilism as a Philosophical Tool: A Method of Inquiry
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Final Thoughts on the Enduring Significance of Nihilism in Philosophy and Culture
Appendices
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Appendix A: Further Readings on Nihilism and Related Philosophies
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Appendix B: Key Philosophers and Works in the History of Nihilism
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Index
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