Number Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics 1st Edition by Greville Corbett 0521640164, 9780521640169

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ISBN 10: 0521640164

ISBN 13: 9780521640169

Author: Greville G. Corbett

Number is the most underestimated of the grammatical categories. It is deceptively simple yet the number system which philosophers, logicians and many linguists take as the norm – namely the distinction between singular and plural (as in cat versus cats) – is only one of a wide range of possibilities to be found in languages around the world. Some languages, for instance, make more distinctions than English, having three, four or even five different values. Adopting a wide-ranging perspective, Greville Corbett draws on examples from many languages to analyse the possible systems of number. He reveals that the means for signalling number are remarkably varied and are put to a surprising range of special additional uses. By surveying some of the riches of the world’s linguistic resources this book, first published in 2000, makes a major contribution to the typology of categories and demonstrates that languages are much more varied than is generally recognised.

Number Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction

1.1 The special interest of number

First assumption: number is just an opposition of singular versus plural

Second assumption: all relevant items (nouns, for instance) will mark number

Third assumption: items which do mark number will behave the same

Fourth assumption: number must be expressed

Fifth assumption: number is a nominal category

1.2 Comparing like with like

1.3 Structure of the book

1.4 Presentation

2 Meaning distinctions

2.1 General number

2.2 Number values

2.2.1 The plural

2.2.2 The dual

2.2.3 The trial

2.2.4 The paucal

2.2.5 The question of quadrals

2.2.6 Greater numbers

Banyun

Fula

Arabic

Hamer

Kaytetye

Mokilese

Mele-Fila

2.2.7 Composed numbers

2.3 Number systems (the Number Hierarchy and associated problems)

2.3.1 The Number Hierarchy

2.3.2 Possible systems of number values: incorporating the paucal

2.3.3 Facultative number

2.4 Languages without number

2.5 Approaches in formal semantics

2.6 Conclusion

3 Items involved in the nominal number system

3.1 The Animacy Hierarchy

3.2 The hierarchy positions

3.2.1 Human versus non-human

3.2.2 Animate versus inanimate

3.2.3 Kin (and rational)

3.2.4 Pronouns

3.2.4.1 The position of the third person

3.2.4.2 First and second persons versus third

3.2.4.3 First person versus second

3.3 Marking and agreement

3.4 Optionality

3.5 Morphological effects

3.6 Count and mass

3.7 Semantic effects

3.7.1 Pronouns and associative meaning

3.7.2 Recategorization effects

3.8 Conclusion

4 Integrating number values and the Animacy Hierarchy

4.1 Extending the Animacy Hierarchy to other number values

4.2 Minor numbers

4.2.1 The dual in Modern Hebrew

4.2.2 The dual in Maltese

4.2.3 The paucal in Avar

4.2.4 Minor numbers: the problem

4.2.5 Constraints on minor numbers

4.2.6 Minor numbers: review

4.3 Associatives

4.3.1 Associatives: the problem

4.3.2 Central Pomo

4.3.3 Central Alaskan Yup’ik

4.3.4 Associatives: summing up

4.4 Distributives and collectives

4.4.1 Distributives

4.4.2 Collectives

4.4.3 Distributives and collectives: summing up

4.5 Top and second systems

4.5.1 Conflated numbers

4.5.2 Mass number (dialects of north-west Spain)

4.5.3 General number

4.5.4 Bayso

4.5.5 Minor numbers revisited

4.6 Conclusion

5 The expression of number

5.1 Number words

5.2 Syntax

5.3 Morphology

5.3.1 Relations between stems and inflections

5.3.2 Inflections

5.3.3 Stems

5.3.4 Zero expression

5.3.5 Clitics revisited

5.3.6 Multiple marking

5.4 Lexical means

5.5 Inverse number (and polarity)

5.6 Minimal-augmented systems

5.7 ‘Constructed’ numbers

5.8 Reduced expression of number

5.8.1 Nouns which are not number-differentiable

5.8.2 Defectives

5.8.3 Motivation for defectives

5.9 Conclusion

6 The syntax of number

6.1 Controller versus target number

6.1.1 Mismatches of system

6.1.2 Default number

6.1.3 Mismatches for specific controller types

6.2 The Agreement Hierarchy and ‘corporate’ nouns in English

6.3 Associatives (syntactic)

6.4 Honorifics (in Slavonic)

6.5 Conjoined noun phrases

6.5.1 The options

6.5.2 Number resolution

6.5.3 Resolution or agreement with the nearest conjunct

6.5.4 Conjoined noun phrases and comitative constructions

6.6 Arabic (agreement with plural noun phrases)

6.7 Agreement with quantified expressions (mainly in Slavonic)

6.7.1 Number of noun in quantified noun phrases

6.7.2 Factors determining the choice in predicate agreement

6.8 Constraints on agreement systems

6.9 Conclusion

7 Other uses of number

7.1 Honorifics and related uses

7.2 Unexpected feature values in coordination

7.2.1 The relational (dual and plural)

7.2.2 Pronominal coordination

7.3 Special uses

7.3.1 The exaggerative plural

7.3.2 The intensificative

7.3.3 The approximative

7.3.4 The evasive

7.3.5 The anti-associative

7.4 Conclusion

8 Verbal number

8.1 The geographical extent of verbal number

8.2 The meaning of verbal number

8.2.1 Event number

8.2.2 Participant number

8.2.3 Mixed event and participant number

8.2.4 Values

8.3 Locus

8.4 Diagnostics for verbal number

8.4.1 Ergativity

8.4.2 Marking of different values

8.4.3 Differences in availability

8.4.4 Possible development towards nominal number

8.5 Items involved in the verbal number system

8.6 Expression of verbal number

8.7 Other uses

8.8 Motivation for the asymmetries

8.9 Conclusion

9 Conclusion and new challenges

9.1 Diachrony

9.1.1 The rise of number

9.1.2 The decline of number

9.2 Interactions

9.2.1 Gender

9.2.2 Case

9.2.3 Person

9.2.4 Definiteness

9.3 Use of number

9.3.1 Integrated systems

9.3.2 Statistical distribution and markedness

9.3.3 Frequency and irregularity

9.3.3.1 Terms and hypotheses

9.3.3.2 The data

9.3.3.3 The Irregularity Scale

9.3.3.4 Discussion of results

9.3.3.5 Frequency and irregularity: conclusions

9.4 The acquisition of number

9.5 The psycholinguistics of number

9.6 The final note

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