Optimizing Emergency Department Throughput Operations Management Solutions for Health Care Decision Makers 1st Edition by John Shiver, David Eitel – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1420083775, 9781420083774
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Product details:
ISBN 10: 1420083775
ISBN 13: 9781420083774
Author: John M. Shiver; David Eitel
Across the country ambulances are turned away from emergency departments (EDs) and patients are waiting hours and sometimes days to be admitted to a hospital room. Hospitals are finding it hard to get specialist physicians to come to treat emergency patients. Our EDs demand a new way of thinking. They are not at a tipping point; they are at a break
Optimizing Emergency Department Throughput Operations Management Solutions for Health Care Decision Makers 1st Table of contents:
1 Fixing the Front End: Why Would an Emergency Department Medical Director or Nursing Supervisor Wish to Install Emergency Severity Index (ESI) Triage?
Real-Time Management of Emergency Department (ED) Flow: Streaming and Not Just Sorting
Communicating ED Workload to Others
ESI Case Mix Data and Predictive Management
Forecasting Demand Combined with “Capacity to Serve” Planning
Statistical Forecasting
Emergency Department Workflow Analysis Including Lean and Six Sigma Improvement Methods
ESI Service Mix Data and Lean-Six Sigma: All Patients Are Not the Same
Dynamic Modeling: Simulation Modeling
Variation
Interdependency (Interconnectedness) and Capacity to Serve
Complexity
Simulation Modeling in the Emergency Department: All Patients Are Not the Same
Process Simulation Modeling and ESI Case Mix Data Summary
References
2 Process Mapping and Workflow Diagramming in Health Care
What Is a Process?
“Seeing” a Process
Workflow Analysis Is Relevant in the Absence of a Problem
Workflow Analysis for Problem Resolution
Before Creating a Flowchart, Some Things to Consider
About Observing the Process
Don’t Rely on Memory of the Process
Who Should Observe the Process?
Keep Out of the Process
Who Should be Observed?
Level of Detail
What are We Looking For?
Silos
Make ’em Ugly
How to Capture the Initial Observations
Sticky Notes Technique
Transfer to an Electronic Document
Which type of flowchart is best?
Flow Chart Symbols (See Figure 2.3)
Including Personal Names
Color Coding Activity Steps
Color Coding “Off-Page” References
Date the Documents
Watch for Scope Creep
Work Sessions and Interactive Meetings
Validate the Diagrams
Discussion
Conclusion
References
3 What Is Lean Six Sigma? An Introduction to Lean and Six Sigma for the Health Care Novice
Why Lean?
What Is Lean?
Word Associations
Lean Principles
Six Sigma
What Is a Sigma?
Defects Per Million Opportunities: DPMO Thinking Applied to Health Care
Acknowledgment
References
4 Using Lean Six Sigma to Accelerate Emergency Department Results
Cases in Point
Morton Plant Medical Center, Clearwater, Florida
St. Vincent’s Medical Center, Jacksonville, Florida
Dr. P. Phillips Hospital, Orlando, Florida
How Did They Get There? The Elements of an Effective Quality System
Big Quality Strategic Approach (versus Little Quality Project Mindset)
Big Q Goal-Setting Process
Setting Goals Using a Six Sigma Approach
Accountability Structure
Use of Accelerating Quality Concepts
Prioritizing Subprocess Improvement Opportunities
Lean Change Concepts
Rapid Cycle Testing Process
Lean Six Sigma and Cost Recovery
When and How to Start the Journey
When to Start
How to Align the Team
Starting Slow (Being Patient)
Organize for Success
Next Steps
Summary
References
5 Queuing Models for Hospital Emergency Departments
Introduction
Queuing Theory
The Queuing Model
Measures of Queuing System Performance
An Example of Emergency Department Performance Evaluation
ED Scenario
Solution to the ED Congestion Problem
Nonurgent Service Line
Urgent Service Line
Acute Service Line
Summary
References
6 The Nursing Perspective and Role in Planning a Simulation Modeling Project: Historical, Experiential, and Future Applications of Complex Adaptive Systems Thinking
Introduction
The Role and Relevance of Nursing
Nursing and Complex Adaptive Systems Thinking: Introduction
Nursing and Complex Adaptive Systems Thinking
The Theory of Nursing Knowledge and Nursing Practice
Improvement Tools: Simulation Modeling
Simulation Modeling: What It Is, and How It Applies to the Nurse’s Role in the CAS of the ED
Understanding the Tools
Understanding the Simulation Project
Steps to Plan a Model
Data (Clinical, Operational, Architectural)
Scope and What-Ifs
Design of Experiments
Working with Engineers
Putting It All Together (Using an ED Case Study)
Purpose of Model
Model Layout
Database
Animation
Notebook (Figure 6.23)
Experimentation
Experience
Lessons Learned
Future: Summary and Discussion
References
Appendix
Acknowledgments
Dedication
7 The Physiology of Service Capacity
Introduction
Variability and Capacity
Patterns
Demand Patterns and Confidence Intervals
Understanding Variability: An Introduction to Queuing Theory and Simulation
Analytic Queuing Models and Discrete Event Simulation
The Way the World Works: A Primer on Variability, Interdependencies, and Process Simulation
Variability in and between Processes
Interdependencies
Changes over Time
What-Ifs and Predictive Analytics
“Up –Down–Up” and Hospital Service Capacity
Demand and Capacity Matching
The Physiology of Service Capacity
Granularity
HODDOW WOMSOY
Forming a Dynamic Resource Allocation
The Point of Appropriate Time Stamps
Dynamic Capacity Matching, System Balance, and Serious Play
System Balance and Critical Common Resources
DES and System Balance
Physiology Revisited and Summary
Notes
8 The Door-to-Doc Toolkit: Planning Emergency Department Capacity for Delivering Safe Care
Introduction
Background
Objectives
Methods
Participants
Implementation
People
Process
Measurement
Results and Interpretation
Discussion
D2D Toolkit
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
9 Forecasting the Demand for Emergency Department Services
Introduction
Getting a Handle on ED Arrivals
Case Study: York Hospital, York, Pennsylvania, Calendar Years 1997–2006
Background
Classification of ED Demand by Triage Level (Using ESI v. 3)
Forecasting Using Regression Analysis
Forecasting Annual Visits for Strategic Planning: Physical Capacity Needs
Forecasting Monthly Visits for Tactical Planning: Staffing and Budgeting
Forecasting Daily Visits for Operational Planning: Staffing and Scheduling
Forecasting Hourly Visits for Operational Planning: Scheduling
Using Forecast Prediction Intervals
Discussion
Limitations
Model-Specific Considerations
Data-Specific Considerations
Software Considerations
Acknowledgments
References
10 Improving Fairness in Nurse Scheduling: Introducing a New Approach Using Auctions and Integer Programming Optimization
Introduction
Literature Review
Methods: General Discussion
Setting Up the Auction Stage
Creating the Optimization Model
The Schedule Completion Stage
A Case Study
Problem (Constraints) Definition
Optimization Models
Case Study Results
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
11 Establishing Engineered Nurse Staffing Requirements in the Emergency Department
Purpose of Engineered Staffing Ratios
Arrival Rate of Patients
Acuity of Patients
Benefits to an Acuity System
Service Times
Treatment Profiles
Factors Affecting the Expenditure of Time in the Emergency Department
Methodologies for Developing Engineered Nurse Staffing Requirements
Detailed Zero-Based Staffing
Use of Predetermined Treatment Profiles
Work Sampling
Conclusion
12 Patient Safety Organizations: A New Paradigm in Quality Management and Communication Systems in Health Care
Becoming a Learning Organization
A National Patient Safety System from the Grassroots
The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005
Lessons Learned in Other Industries
Beyond Safety Reporting
Building the PSO as an Integrated Quality Management and Communication System
Notes
References
13 Alternative Emergency Care Settings
Introduction
Freestanding Emergency Centers
Federally Qualified Health Centers
Urgent Care Centers
Convenient Care Clinics
Challenges to Establishing Alternative Emergency Care Settings
Notes and References
Appendix: Case Study—Surviving and Thriving in Emergency Department Chaos
Purpose of Case Study
Definitions of Significant Terms
Background of the Problem
Methods and Procedures
Results and Conclusions
Conclusions and Recommendations
Selected Bibliography
Periodicals
Books and Pamphlets
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