Political Psychology Situations Individuals and Cases 2nd Edition by David Patrick Houghton 0415833655 9780415833653

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ISBN 10: 0415833655

ISBN 13: 9780415833653

Author: David Patrick Houghton

What shapes political behavior more: the situations in which individuals find themselves, or the internal psychological makeup—beliefs, values, and so on—of those individuals? This is perhaps the leading division within the psychological study of politics today. Political Psychology: Situations, Individuals, and Cases, 2nd edition, provides a concise, readable, and conceptually organized introduction to the topic of political psychology by examining this very question. Using this situationism–dispositionism framework—which roughly parallels the concerns of social and cognitive psychology—this book focuses on such key explanatory mechanisms as behaviorism, obedience, personality, groupthink, cognition, affect, emotion, and neuroscience to explore topics ranging from voting behavior and racism to terrorism and international relations. The new edition includes a new chapter on the psychology of the media and communication. Houghton has also updated the text to analyze recent political events such as the 2012 election, and to include up-and-coming research in the areas of neuroscience, behavioral economics, and more. Houghton’s clear and engaging examples directly challenge students to place themselves in both real and hypothetical situations which involve intense moral and political dilemmas. This highly readable text will provide students with the conceptual foundation they need to make sense of the rapidly changing and increasingly important field of political psychology.

Political Psychology Situations Individuals and Cases 2nd Table of contents:

1 Two Conceptual Schemes or Distinctions

Homo Economicus and Homo Psychologicus (or “Econs” and “Humans”)

“My Brain Made Me Do It”

Situationism and Dispositionism

The Ingrained Nature of Political Behavior

What Determines Our Behavior?

The Organization of the Book

Notes

2 A Brief History of the Discipline

Personality Studies

Attitudes and Voting Behavior

Political Beliefs, Information Processing, and Decision-Making

Neuropolitics and Genopolitics: A Fourth Phase?

Notes

Part I The Situation

3 Behaviorism and Human Freedom

Assessing Behaviorism

Conclusion

Notes

4 The Psychology of Obedience

The “Authoritarian Personality”

Milgram’s Experiments

The Banality of Evil

Why We Obey: The Drift Towards Dispositionism

Milgram’s 35 (Or 50) Percent

Assessing Milgram’s Obedience Paradigm

Notes

5 Creating a “Bad Barrel”

The Stanford Experiment

The Abu Ghraib Scandal: Changing Your “Whole Mind Frame”

Conclusion

Notes

6 Group Decision-Making

Why Groups Have an Impact on Us

The Perils of Groupthink: Smart Guys Making Dumb Decisions

Example 1 The Bay of Pigs

Example 2 Escalation of the Vietnam War

Criticisms of Janis’s Perspective

Newgroup Syndrome

The Individual in a Group Setting

Conclusion

Notes

Part II The Individual

7 Psychobiography

The Formative Influence of Sigmund Freud

The Formative Influence of Harold Lasswell

The Dysfunctional Childhood of Woodrow Wilson?

The Complexity of Lyndon Johnson

Comparative Psychobiography

The Decline of Psychobiography?

Problems With Psychobiographic Approaches in General

Conclusion

Notes

8 Personality and Beliefs

Analyzing Personality

Analyzing Belief Systems

Ole Holsti, Belief Systems, and National Images

Operational Code Analysis

Conclusion

Notes

9 Cognition

Cognitive Consistency Theory

Attribution Theory

Schema Theory

Analogical Reasoning

Conclusion: A Variety of Complementary Concepts

Notes

Suggested Further Reading

10 Affect and Emotion

Are Emotions “Irrational”?

Affective Intelligence Theory

Motivated Reasoning Theory

How are Hot and Cold Cognition Linked?

The Negative Aspects of Emotion

Can Emotions Be Measured?

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Further Reading

11 Biopolitics, Neuropolitics, and Genopolitics

Biopolitics

Neuropolitics

The Human Brain 101

The Potential of fMRI and EEG

Genopolitics

Genetics 101

Twin Studies and The Politics in Your DNA

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Further Reading

Part III Bringing the Two Together

12 The Psychology of Voting Behavior

From Situationism to Dispositionism

The Rise of Issue Voting and Homo Economicus

The Impact of Hot and Cold Cognition

How Do We Decide Who to Vote For?

Conclusion: The Future of Election Research

Notes

13 The Psychology of Political Communication, Persuasion, and the Mass Media

The Influence of Lasswell—Again

Agenda Setting

Framing

Priming

Emotion and Persuasion

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Further Reading

14 The Psychology of Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Genocide

Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict

Five Approaches to Explaining Nationalism

Realistic Group Conflict Theory

Social Identity Theory

Social Dominance Theory

The Psychoanalytic Approach

Biopolitical Approaches

The Psychology of Genocide

Conclusion

Notes

15 The Psychology of Racism and Political Intolerance

Studying Prejudice

What Explains Racism?

Authoritarian Personality Theory

Social Dominance Theory

Schema Theory/Stereotyping

Affective/Neuropolitical Approaches

Situationist Theories

Are Americans Still Racist?

Symbolic or “New” Racism

Principled Conservatism

Tolerance and Intolerance

Conclusion

Notes

16 The Psychology of Terrorism

What is Terrorism?

Frustration–Aggression Theory

Narcissism–Aggression Theory

Psychoanalytic/Freudian Accounts

Problems With These Theories

Situational Factors

Horgan’s Process Model

The “Mystery” of Suicide Terrorism

Conclusion

Notes

17 The Psychology of International Security

The Situationism of International Relations Theory

Misperceptions, Cold and Hot

Some Recent Innovations

The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation

The Psychology of Risk-Taking

The Psychology of Deterrence

Evolutionary Psychology and the Road to War

Empathy: The Antidote to Attribution Error and Other Things

Conclusion

Notes

18 The Future of Political Psychology

Emotional Brains, Homo Neurobiologicus and Shifting Paradigms

Choosing Between Dispositionism and Situationism?

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