Practical Pediatrics Electronic 7th Edition Michael South, David Isaacs 0702042927 9780702042928

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ISBN 10: 0702042927

ISBN 13: 9780702042928

Author: Michael South, David Isaacs

Now in its 7th edition, this highly regarded textbook of paediatrics comes with over 400 interactive self-assessment questions. Covers the social and preventative aspects of child health, common diseases of childhood and their treatment with a presenting-problem approach. Clinical examples and key learning points highlighted in boxes throughout. This version integrates the facts with interactive study tools for best practice learning, such as note-sharing, intuitive navigation and powerful search.

Practical Pediatrics Electronic 7th Table of contents:

Part 1: Current paediatrics

Chapter 1: Child health and disease

Setting the scene

What do we know about children and young people in Australia today?

Where do Australian children live and why is this important?

What are the circumstances of Australian households?

Childcare and early childhood education

Why is the proportion of children in the population declining and what does that mean for children of the future?

Child health

Mortality

Spotlight on Indigenous children

Infant mortality

Morbidity

Australian health services

Why are children taken to a health service?

Health behaviours

Future directions

Chapter 2: Child health in a global context

Introduction

Child health inequity

Causes of global child mortality

Progress in child mortality globally

Child disability and development

Neonatal health

Adolescent health

Children in complex emergencies

Climate change and child health

The effect of poor child health on communities

International conventions and child health

Evidence for effective interventions in reducing child mortality

How can child health professionals in developed countries contribute to global child health?

Part 2: Clinical assessment

Chapter 3: The clinical consultation

Planning your approach

Taking the history

The physical examination

Note-taking

The consultation as part of the therapy

Chapter 4: Developmental surveillance and assessment

Introduction

Checking the normal (surveillance)

Looking for problems (screening)

Diagnosing disability (assessment)

Part 3: Social and preventative paediatrics

Chapter 5: The child and the family

Introduction

The family

The Australian family

Children of families in distress

Family-centred care

Services for the child and family

Chapter 6: Indigenous culture and health

Part 1 aboriginal and torres strait islanders

Part 2 maori view of child health and illness

Chapter 7: Nutrition

Nutritional requirements

Nutritional assessment

Nutrition in utero

Breastfeeding

Infant formulas and other milks

Nutrition in the well child in the community

Overnutrition

Undernutrition

Nutrition in the hospitalized child

Chapter 8: Obesity

Introduction

How is paediatric overweight and obesity defined?

What is the prevalence of paediatric overweight and obesity?

What are the complications of paediatric obesity?

What causes obesity?

How is child and adolescent obesity managed?

Primary prevention of child and adolescent obesity

Chapter 9: Immunization

Principles of immunization

Immunization schedule for routine childhood immunization

Administration of vaccines

Specific immunization considerations

Comparison of effects of diseases and vaccines

Recording of immunization administration

Other vaccines

Immunization in special circumstances

Future vaccines and vaccine development

Chapter 10: Trauma

Introduction

Paediatric trauma care

Specific organ injuries

Prevention

Summary

Chapter 11: Failure to thrive

Definition

Growth patterns

Causes

Assessment

Investigation

Management

Chapter 12: Developmental disability

Definition

General issues of management

Intellectual impairment

High-prevalence disorders

Chapter 13: Child abuse

Development of current concepts

Child protection and the concept of mandatory reporting

Physical, sexual and psychological abuse: a general overview

Prevalence of child abuse in Australia

Child protection systems – the interagency child protection process

Principles of interagency practice in relation to the management of suspected child abuse or neglect

Clinical management of suspected child abuse and neglect

The wellbeing of health professionals involved with child protection

Chapter 14: Sudden unexpected death in infancy

Historical perspective

Definitions

Incidence and risk factors

Aetiology of sudden death in infancy

Classifying SUDI

Procedures when an infant dies suddenly and unexpectedly

Parent support after an unexpected infant death

Prevention

Chapter 15: Care of the adolescent

What is adolescence?

Adolescent development

Burden of illness in adolescence

Risk and protective factors

Medicolegal context and confidentiality

The clinical approach

Chronic illness

Chapter 16: Gynaecology

Gynaecological problems in neonates

Common gynaecological problems in pre-pubescent girls

Adolescent gynaecology

Chapter 17: Sleep problems

Introduction

The physiology and function of sleep

Development and maturity of sleep

Behavioural aspects of children’s sleep

Sleep phenomena or parasomnias in children

Polysomnography in children

Spectrum of paediatric sleep disorders

Rare conditions

Conclusion

Chapter 18: Refugee health

Introduction

Refugee health assessments

Specific health issues

Mental health

Assessment of development and learning

Settlement considerations

Part 4: Behaviour and mental health needs

Chapter 19: Life events of normal children

Risk and resilience

Developmental stages

Conclusion

Chapter 20: Common mental health problems

Features of mental health problems

Assessment and management of mental health problems

Problems of infancy

Special issues

Chapter 21: Hyperactivity and inattention

Definition of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Assessment

Management

Outcome

Prevention

Chapter 22: Major psychiatric disorders

Infancy and early childhood

Middle childhood

Adolescence

Part 5: Paediatric emergencies

Chapter 23: Emergencies: causes and assessment

The primary assessment

Reassessment

Putting it all together

Chapter 24: Resuscitation

Diagnosis

Resuscitation

Appendix

Chapter 25: Poisoning and envenomation

Poisoning

Envenomation

Part 6: Fluid replacement

Chapter 26: Fluid replacement therapy

Body fluid composition

Assessment of dehydration

Fluid requirements

Electrolyte disturbances

Acid–base balance

Fluid replacement in specific illnesses

Part 7: Principles of imaging

Chapter 27: Imaging

Introduction

Neurology

Cardiology

Pulmonary/airway

Abdomen/gastroenterology

Hepatobiliary

Nephrology/urology

Musculoskeletal

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Part 8: Common orthopaedic problems and fractures

Chapter 28: Orthopaedic problems

Skeletal variations during growth

Congenital abnormalities

Osteochondroses (osteochondritis)

Injuries in infancy and childhood

Part 9: Common paediatric surgical problems

Chapter 29: Surgical conditions in older children

The penis and foreskin

The inguinoscrotal region

Abnormalities of the umbilicus

The anus and perineum

The neck

Part 10: Inherited and metabolic problems

Chapter 30: Birth defects, prenatal diagnosis and teratogens

Birth defects

Prenatal diagnosis

Teratogens

Chapter 31: Modern genetics

Genetic information

The function of our genome: DNA, genes and proteins

Gene regulation

Genes and networks

Genetic variation

Mutations

Patterns of inheritance

Genetics and ethics

Acknowledgements

Chapter 32: The dysmorphic child

How to assess the dysmorphic child

Common chromosomal disorders

Other common disorders

Chapter 33: Genetic counselling

Genetic specialists

Indications for formal genetic counselling

Process of genetic counselling

Diagnostic precision

Obtaining and recording a family history

Counselling for risk

From the nuclear to the extended family

Predictive testing

The burden

Alternatives for families at risk

Emotional impact of genetic counselling

Acknowledgements

Chapter 34: Inborn errors of metabolism

Acute metabolic decompensation

Diagnosis and genetics

Neurodegeneration

Multisystem disease (Table 10.5.2)

Newborn screening

Peri-mortem protocol

Part 11: Neonatal problems

Chapter 35: The newborn infant: stabilization and examination

Introduction

Neonatal transition

Neonatal stabilization and resuscitation

Newborn examination

Normal infant matters

Chapter 36: Low birth weight, prematurity and jaundice in infancy

Principles of care

Definitions

The premature infant

Small for gestational age

Jaundice

Chapter 37: Breathing problems in the newborn

Introduction

Respiratory distress

General principles of management of respiratory distress

Causes of respiratory distress

Respiratory causes of respiratory distress

Airway obstruction

Hypoventilation

Chapter 38: Congenital and perinatal infections

Introduction

Organisms associated with perinatal infection

Neonatal sepsis

Organisms associated with acute neonatal infection

Organisms associated with chronic infection

Chapter 39: Surgical conditions in the newborn

Oesophageal atresia

Duodenal obstruction

Distal bowel obstruction

Abdominal wall defects

Diaphragmatic hernia

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

Part 12: Infections

Chapter 40: Infectious diseases

Infectious diseases presenting with fever and rash

Measles (rubeola, morbilli)

Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum, sixth disease)

Rubella (German measles, third disease)

Varicella (chickenpox)

Zoster (herpes zoster, shingles)

Scarlet fever and scarlatina

Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

Herpes simplex virus

Enteroviruses

Adenoviruses

Chapter 41: Bone and joint infections

Introduction

Pathogenesis

Microbiology

Clinical presentation

Differential diagnosis

Confirming the diagnosis

Treatment

Prognosis

Discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis

Chapter 42: Meningitis and encephalitis

Bacterial meningitis

Aseptic and viral meningitis, and infectious encephalitis

Chapter 43: Infections in tropical and developing countries

An overview

Invasive bacterial disease

Viruses

Tuberculosis

Malaria

Dengue virus infection

Diarrhoeal disease

Parasitic infections

Specific infections of the Australian tropics

Part 13: Allergy, immunity and inflammation

Chapter 44: Atopy

General principles

Approach to diagnosis, investigation and management

Specific atopic disorders

Complications of atopic disease and important associated conditions

Chapter 45: Immunodeficiency and its investigation

Host factors and resistance to infection

Defects associated with prematurity and delays in immunological development

Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies

Specific primary immunodeficiency disorders

Chapter 46: Arthritis and connective tissue disorders

Frequency

Arthritis in children

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Investigation of chronic arthritis in childhood

Management of idiopathic arthritis

Management of associated abnormalities

Outcomes of juvenile arthritis

Other disorders associated with arthritis in childhood

Other disorders that may present as joint pain or dysfunction in childhood

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Sjögren disease

Juvenile dermatomyositis

Scleroderma

Overlap syndromes

Vasculitis syndromes

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

Non-inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders

Part 14: Respiratory disorders

Chapter 47: Acute upper respiratory infections

Respiratory complications

Systemic complications

Incubation period of viral respiratory infections

Identifiable URTI syndromes

Approach to management of respiratory tract infections

Summary

Chapter 48: Stridor

Stridor

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Chapter 49: Asthma

Definition

Burden of asthma

Age of onset

Pathogenesis

Clinical features

History

Examination

Classification

Investigations

Management

Inhaler devices

Prognosis

Chapter 50: Wheezing disorders other than asthma

Definition and pathophysiology

Causes of non-asthmatic wheeze in infancy and preschool children

Causes of non-asthmatic wheeze in school-aged children (Box 14.4.2)

Chapter 51: Lower respiratory tract infections and abnormalities

Lower respiratory tract infections

Congenital disorders of the lower respiratory tract

Chapter 52: An approach to chronic cough and cystic fibrosis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Approach to diagnosis and management

Management of non-specific cough

Cough, asthma and allergy

Cough, gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration lung disease

Cough, sinusitis and post-nasal drip

Protracted bacterial bronchitis

Bronchiectasis

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Cystic fibrosis

Summary

Acknowledgements

Part 15: Cardiac disorders

Chapter 53: Suspected heart disease: assessment

Scale of the problem

Presentation

Assessment

Manifestations of heart failure

Investigations

Treatment

Chapter 54: Heart disease

Presenting features

Acyanotic defects

Obstructive heart defects

Cyanotic defects

Acquired heart disease in children

Cardiac arrhythmias

Part 16: Haematological disorders and malignancies

Chapter 55: Anaemia

Definition

Physiology

Clinical presentations

Initial investigations

Specific disease entities

Blood transfusion therapy

Chapter 56: Abnormal bleeding and clotting

Clinical approach to diagnosis

Bleeding due to platelet disorders

Bleeding due to coagulation disorders

Disorders of bleeding due to vascular defects

Clotting due to coagulation disorders

Chapter 57: Cancers

Incidence and distribution of childhood cancers

Aetiology of childhood cancer

Approach to management of a patient with suspected malignancy

Acute leukaemia

Brain and central nervous system tumours

Lymphoma

Sarcomas

Rare tumours

Late effects of cancer therapy

Palliative care

Part 17: Seizure disorders and disorders of the nervous system

Chapter 58: Seizures and epilepsies

Terminology and classification

Common epilepsies of infancy, childhood and adolescence

Assessment of children with seizures

General principles of treatment of seizures in children

Chapter 59: Cerebral palsy and neurodegenerative disorders

Cerebral palsy

Neurodegenerative disorders

Chapter 60: Neuromuscular disorders

Anterior horn cell disorders

Peripheral nerve disorders

Neuromuscular junction disorders

Muscle disorders

The ‘floppy’ infant syndrome

Acknowledgements

Chapter 61: Neural tube defects, large heads and hydrocephalus

Neural tube defects

Large heads (macrocephaly)

Chapter 62: Headaches

Cranial causes

Extracranial causes

Overrated causes of childhood headaches

Headaches found in adults that are unusual in children

Investigations

Part 18: Urinary tract disorders and hypertension

Chapter 63: Urinary tract infections and malformations

Urinary tract infections

Abnormalities of the urinary tract

Chapter 64: Glomerulonephritis, renal failure and hypertension

Haematuria

Proteinuria

Acute kidney injury

Chronic kidney disease

Hypertension

Part 19: Endocrine disorders

Chapter 65: Growth and variations of growth

Genetic factors

Nutritional factors

Hormonal factors

Phases of growth

Assessment of growth

Short stature

Tall stature

Variations of pubertal development

Chapter 66: Thyroid disorders

Thyroid physiology

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid masses

Summary

Chapter 67: The child of uncertain sex

Normal sexual differentiation

Evaluation of the child with a disorder of sexual development

Diagnostic categories for disorders of sexual development

Management

Chapter 68: Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus

Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes

Metabolic effects of insulin

Clinical presentation

Differential diagnoses

Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis

Management

Future directions

Type 2 diabetes

Chapter 69: Bone mineral disorders

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus (Table 19.5.1)

Hypocalcaemia

Rickets

Renal osteodystrophy

Hypercalcaemia

Hypercalciuria

Osteoporosis

Osteopetrosis

Magnesium disorders

Part 20: Gastrointestinal tract and hepatic disorders

Chapter 70: Abdominal pain and vomiting

Abdominal pain in the first 3 months of life

Abdominal pain later in the first year

Acute abdominal pain in older children

Recurrent abdominal pain in children

Vomiting in the neonatal period

Vomiting in infancy

Vomiting in older children

Chapter 71: Infective diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel disease

Acute gastroenteritis

Inflammatory bowel disease

Chapter 72: Chronic diarrhoea and malabsorption

Diagnostic approach

Malabsorption with chronic diarrhoea

Nutrient malabsorption with little or no diarrhoea

Summary of the diagnostic approach to suspected malabsorption

Chapter 73: Gastro-oesophageal reflux and Helicobacter pylori infection

Gastro-oesophageal reflux

Helicobacter pylori infection in children

Chapter 74: Liver diseases

Introduction

Normal liver anatomy and function

Pattern recognition in acute and chronic liver dysfunction

Liver disease in the neonate and infant

Liver disease in the older child

Liver failure

Part 21: Skin disorders

Chapter 75: Skin disorders

Neonatal skin conditions

Cutaneous infections and infestations

Dermatitis

Purpura

Blistering disorders

Hair loss in children

Excessive hair in children

Acne and acneiform rashes

Recurrent mouth ulcers

Part 22: ENT, eye and dental disorders

Chapter 76: Ear, nose and throat disorders

Growth and development

Trauma and foreign bodies

The ear

The nose

The oropharynx

Chapter 77: Eye disorders

Development of vision

Measurement of vision in children

Assessment of a child with a possible eye problem

Misalignment of the eyes

Common eye problems in childhood

Other important eye problems in childhood

The eye in paediatric systemic disease

Summary

Chapter 78: Teeth and oral cavity disorders

Development

Developmental anomalies

Acquired disorders of the teeth

Trauma

Dental erosion

Acquired disorders of the soft tissues

Children with special health-care needs

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