Purkinje’s Vision The Dawning of Neuroscience 1st Edition by Nicholas Wade, Josef Brozek, Jir¡ Hoskovec 0415651212 9780415651219

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ISBN 10: 0415651212

ISBN 13: 9780415651219

Author: Nicholas J. Wade, Josef Brozek, Jir¡ Hoskovec

The life of Jan Evangelista Purkinje (1787-1869) has fascinated students from many disciplines. Histologists marvel at his early descriptions of cells; physiologists admire his attempts to relate structure to function; pharmacologists view in awe his heroic experiments on self-administered drugs; forensic scientists acknowledge his role in the use of fingerprints for identification; and Czech patriots salute his awakening of pride in their nation. Yet all these achievements followed his initial enquiries into vision. It is this psychological dimension that fostered this collaboration. As the title suggests, the present volume is bifocal. In the narrow sense it refers to Purkinje’s studies of vision, but in its broader view it concerns Purkinje’s anticipation of neuroscience. Purkinje provided evidence to support both its cellular and its conceptual base. At the cellular level his acute vision is immortalized within our bodies. At the conceptual level, he sought to relate subjective phenomena to their objective underpinnings–to link psychology to physiology. Vision provides a bond that unites psychology and physiology, and it is this bond that was strengthened by Purkinje’s enquiries. The authors have tried to provide a context in which Purkinje’s descriptions of visual phenomena can be placed. In some cases this exposes clear precursors of research for which Purkinje has been credited. In others, there was nothing to suggest the phenomena that he exposed. The book translates Purkinje’s initial masterpiece on subjective vision and places it in the context of emerging views of neuroscience.

Table of contents:

1: Introduction
VERTIGO
NEUROSCIENCE
PSYCHOLOGY

2: Biographical and Bibliographical Notes
EARLY LIFE
PURKINJE’S VIEWS OF PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS DURING THE BRESLAU YEARS
OBJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY
RETURN TO PRAGUE
ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
OPERA OMNIA

3: Historical Background for Research in Subjective Visual Phenomena
INTRODUCTION
LIGHT AND SHADE FIGURES (I)
PRESSURE FIGURES (II, III, AND XXII)
GALVANIC LIGHT PHENOMENA (IV)
INTRINSIC LIGHT AND GANZFELD EFFECTS (V AND VII)
INTEROCULAR LIGHT EFFECTS (VI)
BLIND SPOT (VIII, X, AND XI)
PATTERN DISAPPEARANCES WITH STEADY FIXATION OUTSIDE THE BLIND SPOT (IX)
LIGHT HALOS (XII)
RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS (THE PURKINJE TREE) (XIII)
AFTERIMAGES AND VISUAL PERSISTENCE (XIV)
PATTERN DISTORTIONS (XV–XVII)
VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT OF THE PUPIL (XVIII)
ENTOPTIC PHENOMENA (XIX–XXI AND XXIII)
FIREY RINGS (XXIV)
SINGLE AND DOUBLE VISION (XXV)
STARING VAGUELY INTO THE DISTANCE (XXVI)
EYE MOVEMENTS (XXVII)
IMAGINATION AND MEMORY IMAGES (XXVIII)

4: Observations and Experiments on the Physiology of the Senses. Contributions to the Knowledge of Vision in its Subjective Aspect
I. LIGHT AND SHADE FIGURES
II. PRESSURE FIGURES
III. APPEARANCE OF THE PREVIOUS FIGURE UNDER OTHER CONDITIONS. CLARIFICATION EXPERIMENT
IV. GALVANIC LIGHT FIGURES
V. WANDERING CLOUDY STRIPES
VI. A LIGHT PHENOMENON IN THE DARK FIELD OF MY RIGHT EYE DURING INCREASED ACTIVITY OF THE LEFT EYE
VII. SCINTILLATING LIGHT POINTS WHEN VIEWING A WHITE SURFACE. SPONTANEOUS SPOTS OF LIGHT IN THE VISUAL FIELD
VIII. THE PLACE OF ENTRY OF THE OPTIC NERVE
IX. DISAPPEARANCE OF OBJECTS OUTSIDE THE ENTRY OF THE OPTIC NERVE
X. THE ENTRY POINT OF THE OPTIC NERVE VISIBLE AS A LUMINOUS CIRCLE
XI. APPEARANCE OF LIGHT AT THE ENTRY OF THE OPTIC NERVE
XII. HALOS
XIII. VASCULAR PATTERNS OF THE EYE
XIV. AFTERIMAGES
XV. CLOUDY STREAKS WHILE VIEWING PARALLEL LINES
XVI. ZIGZAG SCINTILLATIONS FOLLOWING OBSERVATION OF PARALLEL LINES
XVII. CHANGES OF PARALLEL STRAIGHT LINES INTO WAVY LINES
XVIII. VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT OF THE PUPIL
XIX. A SPOT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE VISUAL FIELD DURING STRENUOUS NEAR FIXATION
XX. VISIBILITY OF BLOOD CIRCULATION IN THE EYE
XXI. FLYING GNATS
XXII. CURVILINEAR STAR PATTERN
XXIII. A PULSATING FIGURE
XXIV. LUMINOUS RINGS
XXV. UNITY OF THE TWO VISUAL FIELDS. DOUBLE VISION
XXVI. STARING VAGUELY INTO THE DISTANCE
XXVII. EYE MOVEMENTS
XXVIII. PERSISTING IMAGES, IMAGINATION, AND VISUAL MEMORY

5: Assessment
NEUROSCIENCE
VERTIGO
VISION

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Tags: Nicholas Wade, Josef Brozek, Jir¡ Hoskovec, Vision