Radiation protection A guide for scientists regulators and physicians 4th Edition by Jacob Shapiro ISBN 0674007409 9780674007406
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ISBN 10: 0674007409
ISBN 13: 9780674007406
Author: Jacob Shapiro
This highly successful manual has served for nearly three decades as the definitive guide to the safe use of radioactive materials. Completely revised and updated, the fourth edition presents a new dimension by adding coverage of nonionizing radiation, and is thus concerned with the entire field of radiation protection.
The author takes the novel approach of introducing the whole range of energies possessed by particles and electromagnetic waves at the beginning of the text, thus integrating coverage of ionizing and nonionizing radiation rather than considering them as two separate disciplines. He goes on to cover the entire spectrum of radiation sources, including radionuclides, x-ray machines, accelerators, nuclear reactors, power lines, microwave towers, and cellular phones.
With its expanded coverage, including a broader focus on public health issues, this new volume will serve as an important training and reference resource, not only for research scientists, physicians, and engineers, but for regulatory officials, attorneys, engineers, and environmental health and safety professionals. The breadth of citations alone makes this resource invaluable.
Table of contents:
Historical Prologue
In the Beginning
The Discovery of Invisible, Unbelievably Energetic Radiations
The Development of a Radiation Technology
The Need for Radiation Protection
Energy—The Unifying Concept in Radiation Protection
Radiation’s Dual Identity
Energy Relationships in the Hydrogen Atom
Energy Levels in Atoms with Higher Z
Energy Levels in Molecules
Energies of Motion Associated with Temperature
Bonding Energies
Energy from Mass—The Ultimate Energy Source
Some Interesting Energy Values
Principles of Protection against Ionizing Particles
The Approach
Energy and Injury
Charged and Uncharged Ionizing Particles
Energy Transfer by Charged Particles
The Stopping Power Equation
Beta Particles—A Major Class of Charged Ionizing Particles
Characteristics of Uncharged Ionizing Particles
Gamma Rays—A Major Class of Uncharged Ionizing Particles
Heavy Charged Ionizing Particles
The Neutron—A Second Important Uncharged Ionizing Particle
The Absorbed Dose—A Measure of Energy Imparted to a Medium
The Equivalent Dose—A Common Scale for Doses to Organs and Tissues from Different Radiation Types and Energies
Tissue Weighting Factors and the Effective Dose—A Measure of Risk and Severity of Consequences
The Roentgen—The Traditional Unit for Expressing Radiation Exposure
The Significance of External Radiation Levels
Exposure from Internal Radiation Sources
Protection from Radioactive Contamination
Some Simple Calculations in Radiation Protection
X Rays—Radiation Made by Machine
Principles of Protection against Nonionizing Radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic Fields
Electromagnetic Radiation from Power Lines
Electromagnetic Radiation from Microwave Towers
Electromagnetic Radiation from Cellular Phones
Electromagnetic Radiation from Broadcast Antennas
Electromagnetic Radiation from Radar
Electromagnetic Radiation from Other Sources
Radiation Dose Calculations
Calculations for Specific Radionuclides
Calculations for Specific Radiation Types
Calculations for Specific Exposure Situations
Radiation Detection and Measurement
Detection Instruments
Measurement Techniques
Calibration and Quality Assurance
Practical Aspects of the Use of Radionuclides
Obtaining Authorization to Use Radionuclides
Training Required for Working with Radionuclides
Responsibilities of Radionuclide Users
Standards for Protection against Radiation
Personnel Monitoring for External Radiation Exposure
Monitoring Personnel Subject to Intakes of Radioactive Material
Posting of Areas
Laboratory Facilities
Protective Clothing
Hygiene
Trial Runs
Delivery of Radionuclides
Storage and Control of Radionuclides
Storage of Wastes
Waste Disposal
Use of Radioactive Materials in Animals
Transportation of Radionuclides
Contamination Control
Public Health Implications of Radiation Exposure
Biological Effects of Radiation
Epidemiological Studies
Radiation Exposure from Medical Procedures
Environmental Radiation Exposure
Regulatory Standards and Guidelines
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