Scholars Travellers and Trade The Pioneer Years of the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden 1818 1840 1st Edition by Halbertsma 0415518555 9780415518550

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ISBN 10: 0415518555

ISBN 13: 9780415518550

Author: R. B. Halbertsma

Today, the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden is internationally known for its outstanding archaeological collections. Yet its origins lie in an insignificant assortment of artefacts used for study by Leiden University. How did this transformation come about? Ruurd Halbertsma has delved into the archives to show that the appointment of Caspar Reuvens as Professor of Archaeology in 1818 was the crucial turning point. He tells the dramatic story of Reuvens’ struggle to establish the museum, with battles against rival scholars, red tape and the Dutch attitude of neglect towards archaeological monuments. This book throws new light on the process of creating a national museum, and the difficulties of convincing society of the value of the past.

Scholars Travellers and Trade The Pioneer Years of the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden 1818 1840 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction

Political developments, 1795–1840

Museums, ministries and departments

The price for antiquities

Sources

2 Early collections of classical art in the Netherlands: the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

‘Works of art and beauties from Venice’: the Reijnst collection

The Smetius collection: in search of the Oppidum Batavorum

Adventures and antiquities: Frederic Count de Thoms

Gerard van Papenbroek: Vanitas Vanitatum

Papenbroekiana marmora, nunc Leydensia marmora

3 C.J.C. Reuvens and the archaeological cabinet in Leiden, 1818

Law, classics and archaeology

From Harderwijk to Leiden: per aspera ad astra

Professor in Leiden: the praise of archaeology

Examples from abroad: Cambridge, Oxford and London

4 Collections and conflicts

A national museum and the study of archaeology: organization

Art from the East Indies: ‘contemporary or ancient civilizations?’

The Royal Coin Cabinet: ‘a difference in scholarly views’

The Rijksmuseum: ‘one of the largest and finest examples of the so-called Etruscan vases’

Archaeology versus philology: ‘beneath the dignity of study and rank’

Antiquiteiten: an archaeological journal

5 The Greek collections of B.E.A. Rottiers

Greek antiquities from Athens

‘The literary glory of a nation’

Rottiers’ second collection: ‘an important enlargement’

‘Judging the authenticity’: doubts and forgeries

An expedition to the Aegean, 1824–6

Excavation on Melos

The monuments of Rhodes

Evaluation of the expedition: ‘much and ungrateful work’ 66

6 Jean Emile Humbert: the quest for Carthage

Dutch engineers in Tunisia, 1796

Antiquarian interests: an exiled count in Tunis

Between hope and fear: repatriation and new prospects

First archaeological expedition to North Africa, 1822–4

Excavations in Tunisia

Carthage revisited?

The Borgia inheritance

7 Station Livorno: the Etruscan and Egyptian collections

Etruscan urns from Volterra

Supposed forgeries: ‘resignation, patience and philosophy’

The Museo Corazzi in Cortona

Egyptian antiquities on the European market

‘Egypt along the Rhine’: the Cimba and d’Anastasy collections

Reuvens’ first valuation: ‘below the Salt collection’

Reuvens’ second valuation: ‘the collection has risen in value’

Reuvens’ third valuation: ‘the price half-way between Salt and Drovetti’

The breakthrough

Epilogue: three gifts and an unreliable merchant

End of the expedition: the Nani-Tiepolo and Pacileo collections

8 Forum Hadriani: digging behind the dunes

The search for Forum Hadriani

Start of the excavations: ‘sherds of tiles, pots and urns’

Inventing archaeology: fieldwork and documentation

End of the excavations: ‘the old state of stagnation’

Smaller excavations and surveys

9 The ideal museum: dreams and reality

The archaeological cabinet

Towards a national museum: ‘a ponderous and stately building’

State of affairs: ‘general and loud complaints’

The ideal surroundings: ‘the splendour of a capital’?

The darkest hour: antiquities and mushrooms

Choice of Amsterdam: ‘the last of all cities worthy of such an honour’

10 End of the pioneer years, 1835–40

Reuvens’ death, July 1835

The new museum: ‘mummies in a Dutch drawing-room’

Private interest: purchases and donations

Vases from Vulci

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