Senior Citizens Behind Bars Challenges for the Criminal Justice System 1st Edition by John Kerbs, Jennifer Jolley 1626370427 9781626370425

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ISBN 10: 1626370427

ISBN 13: 9781626370425

Author: John J. Kerbs; Jennifer M. Jolley

Within two decades—if not sooner—at least one in three prisoners in the US will be a “senior citizen.” Our prisons, however, were designed for a much younger population. Senior Citizens Behind Bars critically explores the unique set of challenges that older prisoners pose for the criminal justice system. Examining the lack of fit between the needs of older inmates and the correctional policies and practices that govern efforts to meet those needs, the authors confront such tough issues as health care, inmate victimization, and end-of-life care. Their rigorous, evidence-based analysis of both problems and solutions is a seminal contribution carefully designed for scholars and practitioners alike.

Senior Citizens Behind Bars Challenges for the Criminal Justice System 1st Table of contents:

Table 1.1- Number of Prisoners Aged 50 and Older in Federal and State Prisons, 1991-2001

Table 1.2- Estimated Number of Sentenced Prisoners Aged 50 and Older Under State and Federal Jurisdi

Table 4.1- Measures of Inmate Support Among Older Female Offenders,2006 (n = 327)

Table 4.2- True Grit: Structured Senior Living Program

Table 5.1- Medical Problems Reported by Prison Inmates by Gender and Age, 2004 (percentage)

Table 5.2- Comparison of Studies That Examine Physical and mental health Problems of Older Women in

Table 8.1- Arrest Rates, Proportionate Age Involvement, and Percentage Profiles for the Elderly (Ag

Table 8.2- Three-Year Recidivism Rates for 1994-Released Prisoners,All Sentencing Offenses Combined

Table 8.3- Three-Year Recidivism Rates for 1994-Released Male Prisoners with Convictions for Violen

Table 8.4- Three-Year Recidivism Rates for 1994-Released Male Prisoners with Convictions for Sex Of

Table 8.5- Three-Year Rearrest Rates for 1994-Released Male Prisoners withConvictions for Sex Offen

Table 8.6- Three-Year Recidivism Rates for 1994-Released Female Prisoners with Convictions for Viol

Table 8.7- Three-Year Recidivism Rates for 1994-Released Female Prisoners with Convictions for Drug

Table 9.1- Racial Discrepancies Between the General Population and the Prison Population, 1980–20

Table 9.2- The Four Leading Causes of Death, General Population Comparedto the Prison Population, 20

Figures

Figure 2.1– California Prison Population, 1960–2009

Figure 2.2- California Prisoners Aged 50 and Older, 1977–2009

Figure 2.3- Mean Age of California Prison Population, 1960–2009

Figure 2.4- Percentage of California Prison PopulationAged 50 and Older, 1977–2009

Figure 2.5- Percentage of New California Prison Admissions Aged 50 and Older, 1994–2009

Figure 5.1- System-Based Model for Assessing Medical Care

Figure 5.2- Adaptation of Donabedian’s “Structure, Process, Outcome”Quality-of-Care Model for

Acknowledgments

Ch1- A Path to Evidence-Based Policies and Practices

The Evolution of Scholarship on Older Prisoners

Overview of Chapters

Conclusion

Ch2- Sentencing Policyand the Shaping of Prison Demographics

History of Criminal Sentencing Reform in the United States

The Aging Prison Population:Two Eras of Sentencing Reform

Policy Recommendations

Conclusion

Notes

Ch3- Bio-Psycho-Social Needs

The Biological Needs of Older Inmates

The Psychological Needs of Older Inmates

Conclusion

Ch4- Social Programmingand Activities

Aging and Prison Adaptation

Programs, Activities, and Applications

The Value of Groups

A Best-Practice Illustration

Future Challenges

Ch5- Women and Issues of Care

Background on the Physical andMental Health of Older Women in Prison

A Heuristic Model for Tracking Qualityof Care for Women in Prison: Future Directions

Conclusion

Ch6- Prisoners’ Rights and the Law

A Primer on Constitutional Protections for Prisoners

Statutory Rights of Older Prisoners

Conclusion

Ch7- The Age-Segregation Debate

Access to and Utilization ofQuality Medical and Mental Health Services

The Maintenance of Social Order in Prison

The Creation of Age-Appropriate Environments

The Age-Segregation Debate: Policy Implications

Ch8- The Implications of Age-Graded Desistance

Empirical Age-Based Indicators ofDesistance for Offenders and Prisoners

Using Theory to Explain Age-GradedDesistance from Criminal Behavior

Policies and Programs ThatPromote Desistance from Criminal Behavior

Conclusion

Ch9- Health Issues and End-of-Life Care

Sociodemographics and the Prison Population’s Health

Defining Hospice Care, Palliative Care,and Disease-Directed Therapy

Inmate Health-Care Entitlement, Financing, and Standards of Care

Innovations, Interventions,and Challenges of Prison Hospice

Non-Prison-Based Options for Inmate End-of-Life Care

Conclusion

Ch10- Community Reentry and Aging Inmates

The Aging Inmate Population

The Relationship Between Age andCrime and the Risk of Releasing Older Inmates

Policy Implications for the Reentry of Older Inmates

Initiatives Directed Toward Reentry of Older Prisoners

Conclusion

Ch11- Future Considerations

The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model

Risk Assessment

Elder Courts

Sentencing Reforms

Prison-Based Research

Reentry Research

Funding Future Research

References

The Contributors

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