Shifting Baselines The Past and the Future of Ocean Fisheries 1st Edition by Jeremy Jackson 161091001X 9781610910019

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ISBN 10: 161091001X

ISBN 13: 9781610910019

Author: Jeremy B.C. Jackson

Shifting Baselines explores the real-world implications of a groundbreaking idea: we must understand the oceans of the past to protect the oceans of the future. In 1995, acclaimed marine biologist Daniel Pauly coined the term “shifting baselines” to describe a phenomenon of lowered expectations, in which each generation regards a progressively poorer natural world as normal. This seminal volume expands on Pauly’s work, showing how skewed visions of the past have led to disastrous marine policies and why historical perspective is critical to revitalize fisheries and ecosystems.   Edited by marine ecologists Jeremy Jackson and Enric Sala, and historian Karen Alexander, the book brings together knowledge from disparate disciplines to paint a more realistic picture of past fisheries. The authors use case studies on the cod fishery and the connection between sardine and anchovy populations, among others, to explain various methods for studying historic trends and the intricate relationships between species. Subsequent chapters offer recommendations about both specific research methods and effective management. This practical information is framed by inspiring essays by Carl Safina and Randy Olson on a personal experience of shifting baselines and the importance of human stories in describing this phenomenon to a broad public.   While each contributor brings a different expertise to bear, all agree on the importance of historical perspective for effective fisheries management. Readers, from students to professionals, will benefit enormously from this informed hindsight.

Shifting Baselines The Past and the Future of Ocean Fisheries 1st Table of contents:

PART I – The Problem Defined

Chapter 1 – A Shoreline Remembrance

Orienting Memories

Why the Past Is Important

Good News

Chapter 2 – The “March of Folly” in Global Fisheries

The Folly of Fisheries

What Foolish Policies Do

Some Reasons for Foolish Fisheries Policies

Finding a Cure for Folly in Fisheries

Acknowledgments

Chapter 3 – If a Frond Falls in the Kelp Forest (does it make any sound?)

Ideas vs. Events

A Coffee-less Press Conference

A Textbook Example of “Science Think”

The 9/11 Commission Report: The Exception That Proves the Rule

The Art of the Ad

How About a Super Bowl Commercial

Kindred Spirits: The Turning the Tides Report

Throwaway Thinking in Our Throwaway Society

And So, Sadly, History Repeats Itself in 2009

A Perfect World with Perfect Oceans

PART II – Anchovies and Sardines

Chapter 4 – The Sardine-Anchovy Puzzle

Historical Review

Overfishing or Environment?

Chapter 5 – Variations in Fisheries and Complex Ocean Environments

The Known

The Unknown and the Unknowable

Lessons for the Future

How Can We Use These Lessons?

Acknowledgments

PART III – Cod

Chapter 6 – The Historical Abundance of Cod on the Nova Scotian Shelf

Background

The Historian’s Perspective

The Reliability and Nature of Nineteenth-Century Cod Fishermen’s Logbooks

Choosing a Sample Set: Beverly Vessels on the Scotian Shelf

Declining Catch and Technological Change

Calculating the Biomass of Cod in 1852

The Biomass Estimate and Its Significance

The Past and the Future

Acknowledgments

Chapter 7 – History and Context: Reflections from Newfoundland

The Panel Discussion

The Past

History

Newfoundland Redux

Acknowledgments

PART IV – Methods in Historical Marine Ecology

Chapter 8 – Uncovering the Ocean’s Past

Disciplines and Data

Integrating Data from Different Temporal and Spatial Scales

Toward a Vision of the Past

Acknowledgments

Chapter 9 – Whales, Logbooks, and DNA

Historical Data Need Careful Analysis

Sensitivity about Whales

Uncertainty in Reconstructing Historical Whaling

A Genetic View of the Past

DNA Provides a Long-Term Estimate

Seeing the Past through Complex Lenses

PART V – From Fisheries Management to Ecosystems

Chapter 10 – Management in the Gulf of Maine

A Personal Perspective

Shifting Baselines of Management

Evidence of Progress

Chapter 11 – Lessons from Coral Reefs

Shifting Baselines on Coral Reefs

Setting Goals for Conservation and Management

Challenges for the Future

Coda

Acknowledgments

Epilogue: Shifting Baselines for the Future

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