Social Learning An Introduction to Mechanisms Methods and Models 1st Edition by William Hoppitt, Kevin Lala 0691150702 9780691150703

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ISBN 10: 0691150702

ISBN 13: 9780691150703

Author: William Hoppitt; Kevin N. Lala

Many animals, including humans, acquire valuable skills and knowledge by copying others. Scientists refer to this as social learning. It is one of the most exciting and rapidly developing areas of behavioral research and sits at the interface of many academic disciplines, including biology, experimental psychology, economics, and cognitive neuroscience. Social Learning provides a comprehensive, practical guide to the research methods of this important emerging field. William Hoppitt and Kevin N. Lala define the mechanisms thought to underlie social learning and demonstrate how to distinguish them experimentally in the laboratory. They present techniques for detecting and quantifying social learning in nature, including statistical modeling of the spatial distribution of behavior traits. They also describe the latest theory and empirical findings on social learning strategies, and introduce readers to mathematical methods and models used in the study of cultural evolution. This book is an indispensable tool for researchers and an essential primer for students. Provides a comprehensive, practical guide to social learning research Combines theoretical and empirical approaches Describes techniques for the laboratory and the field Covers social learning mechanisms and strategies, statistical modeling techniques for field data, mathematical modeling of cultural evolution, and more

Social Learning An Introduction to Mechanisms Methods and Models 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction
What Is Social Learning?
Social transmission
Imitation
Innovation
Why Study Social Learning?
Summary of the Book

2 A Brief History of Social Learning Research
The Evolution of Mind
Social Learning Mechanisms
Animal “Culture”
The Diffusion of Innovations
Child Development
Cultural Evolution
Conclusions

3 Methods for Studying Social Learning in the Laboratory
Traditional Social Learning Studies
Alternative Experimental Approaches
Transmission chain studies
Diffusion studies
Innovation
The Biological Bases of Social Learning
Neuroendocrinological studies
Social learning of fear
Neural mechanisms of observational learning
Conclusions

4 Social Learning Mechanisms
A Classification of Social Learning Mechanisms
Stimulus enhancement
Local enhancement
Observational conditioning
Response facilitation
Social facilitation
Imitation
Observational R-S learning
Emulation
Opportunity providing
(Inadvertent) coaching
Distinguishing Social Learning Mechanisms
Stimulus enhancement
Local enhancement
Observational conditioning
Response facilitation
Contextual imitation
Production imitation
Observational R-S learning
Emulation
Opportunity providing
(Inadvertent) coaching
A Pragmatic Approach to Characterizing Mechanisms of Social Transmission
Teaching
Summary

5 Statistical Methods for Diffusion Data
Diffusion Curve Analysis
Network-Based Diffusion Analysis (NBDA)
Inclusion of individual-level variables
Model selection and inference
Modeling multiple diffusions
Choosing a social network
“Untransmitted” social effects
Related methods
Is NBDA realistic?
Examples
Spatial Spread of a Behavioral Trait
Wave of advance models
Other approaches for spatial data
Summary

6 Repertoire-Based Methods for Detecting and Quantifying Social Transmission
The Group-Contrasts Approach
The Method of Exclusion
Basic and advanced methods of exclusion
Methods for assessing the genetic hypothesis
Methods for assessing the ecological hypothesis
Further problems with the method of exclusion
A Model-Fitting Approach
A matrix regression approach
Examples
A return to group comparisons
A Causal Modeling Framework
Relationship to the matrix regression approach
Ruling out homophily
Ruling out unknown ecological variables
Relationship to the method of exclusion
Conclusions

7 Developmental Methods for Studying Social Learning
Observational Data
Describing the developmental process
Modeling probability of acquisition
Modeling time of acquisition
Modeling proficiency of trait performance
Modeling option choice
Limitations of observational data
Experimental Manipulations
Diffusion experiments
Manipulation of social experience
Translocation studies
Conclusions

8 Social Learning Strategies
Why Social Learning Is Strategic
“When” Strategies
Copy when established behavior is unproductive
Copy when asocial learning is costly
Copy when uncertain
Copy when prior information is outdated
Copy when dissatisfied
Is copying a first or last resort?
“Who” Strategies
Frequency-dependent biases
Success biases
Kin and age biases
“What” Strategies
Random Copying
Statistical Methods for Detecting Social Learning Strategies
Meta-strategies, Best Strategies, and Hierarchical Control

9 Modeling Social Learning and Culture
Introduction
Why model?
Operationalizing the culture concept
Parallels between biological and cultural evolution
Theoretical Approaches to Social Learning and Cultural Evolution
Population-genetic style models of cultural evolution
Population-genetic style models of gene-culture coevolution
Neutral models and random copying
Social foraging theory
Spatially explicit models
Reaction-diffusion models
Agent-based models
Phylogenetic models
Conclusions

10 Conclusions
References
Index

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Tags: William Hoppitt, Kevin Lala, Social, Mechanisms