Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena 4th Edition by Milton Rosen, Joy Kunjappu 1118228928 9781118228920

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 1118228928 

ISBN 13: 9781118228920

Author: Milton J. Rosen, Joy T. Kunjappu

Now in its fourth edition, Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena explains why and how surfactants operate in interfacial processes (such as foaming, wetting, emulsion formation and detergency), and shows the correlations between a surfactant’s chemical structure and its action.

Updated and revised to include more modern information, along with additional three chapters on Surfactants in Biology and Biotechnology, Nanotechnology and Surfactants, and Molecular Modeling with Surfactant Systems, this is the premier text on the properties and applications of surfactants.

This book provides an easy-to-read, user-friendly resource for industrial chemists and a text for classroom use, and is an unparalleled tool for understanding and applying the latest information on surfactants.   Problems are included at the end of each chapter to enhance the reader’s understanding, along with many tables of data that are not compiled elsewhere.  Only the minimum mathematics is used in the explanation of topics to make it easy-to-understand and very user friendly.

Table of contents:

1. Characteristic Features of Surfactants

I. Conditions under which Interfacial Phenomena and Surfactants Become Significant
II. General Structural Features and Behavior of Surfactants

• A. General Use of Charge Types

• B. General Effects of the Nature of the Hydrophobic Group

  1. Length of the Hydrophobic Group

  2. Branching, Unsaturation

  3. Aromatic Nucleus

  4. Polyoxypropylene or Polyoxyethylene (POE) Units

  5. Perfluoroalkyl or Polysiloxane Group
     III. Environmental Effects of Surfactants

• A. Surfactant Biodegradability

• B. Surfactant Toxicity; Skin Irritation
  IV. Characteristic Features and Uses of Commercially Available Surfactants

• A. Anionics

  1. Carboxylic Acid Salts

  2. Sulfonic Acid Salts

  3. Sulfuric Acid Ester Salts

  4. Phosphoric and Polyphosphoric Acid Esters

  5. Fluorinated Anionics

• B. Cationics

  1. Long-Chain Amines and Their Salts

  2. Acylated Diamines and Polyamines and Their Salts

  3. Quaternary Ammonium Salts

  4. Polyoxyethylenated Long-Chain Amines

  5. Quaternized POE Long-Chain Amines

  6. Amine Oxides

• C. Nonionics

  1. Polyoxyethylenated Alkylphenols

  2. Polyoxyethylenated Straight-Chain Alcohols

  3. Polyoxyethylenated Polyoxypropylene Glycols

  4. Polyoxyethylenated Mercaptans

  5. Long-Chain Carboxylic Acid Esters

  6. Alkanolamine “Condensates,” Alkanolamides

  7. Tertiary Acetylenic Glycols and Their “Ethoxylates”

  8. Polyoxyethylenated Silicones

  9. N-Alkylpyrrolid(in)ones

  10. Alkylpolyglycosides

• D. Zwitterionics

  1. pH-Sensitive Zwitterionics

  2. pH-Insensitive Zwitterionics

• E. Newer Surfactants Based Upon Renewable Raw Materials

  1. α-Sulfofatty Acid Methyl Esters (SME)

  2. Acylated Aminoacids

  3. Nopol Alkoxylates
     V. Some Useful Generalizations
     VI. Electronic Searching of the Surfactant Literature

2. Adsorption of Surface-Active Agents at Interfaces: The Electrical Double Layer

I. The Electrical Double Layer
II. Adsorption at the Solid–Liquid Interface

• A. Mechanisms of Adsorption and Aggregation

• B. Adsorption Isotherms

  1. The Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm

• C. Adsorption onto Strongly Charged Sites

  1. Ionic Surfactants

  2. Nonionic Surfactants

  3. pH Change

  4. Ionic Strength

  5. Temperature

• D. Adsorption onto Nonpolar, Hydrophobic Adsorbents

• E. Adsorption onto Polar Adsorbents without Strongly Charged Sites

• F. Effects of Adsorption on Surface Properties

  1. Substrates with Strongly Charged Sites

  2. Nonpolar Adsorbents

• G. Adsorption from Nonaqueous Solution

• H. Determination of Surface Areas
  III. Adsorption at Liquid–Gas and Liquid–Liquid Interfaces

• A. The Gibbs Adsorption Equation

• B. Surface Concentrations and Area per Molecule

• C. Effectiveness of Adsorption

• D. Szyszkowski, Langmuir, and Frumkin Equations

• E. Efficiency of Adsorption

• F. Thermodynamic Parameters of Adsorption

• G. Adsorption from Mixed Surfactant Solutions

3. Micelle Formation by Surfactants

I. Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC)
II. Micellar Structure and Shape

• A. Packing Parameter

• B. Surfactant Structure and Shape

• C. Liquid Crystals

• D. Rheology
  III. Micellar Aggregation Numbers
  IV. Factors Affecting CMC in Aqueous Media

• A. Surfactant Structure

  1. Hydrophobic Group

  2. Hydrophilic Group

  3. Counterion and Binding

  4. Empirical Equations

• B. Electrolyte

• C. Organic Additives

  1. Class I

  2. Class II

• D. Second Liquid Phase

• E. Temperature
  V. Micellization and Adsorption at Interfaces

• A. CMC/C20 Ratio
  VI. CMCs in Nonaqueous Media
  VII. Theoretical Equations for CMC
  VIII. Thermodynamic Parameters
  IX. Mixed Micelle Formation

4. Solubilization by Solutions of Surfactants: Micellar Catalysis

I. Solubilization in Aqueous Media

• A. Locus

• B. Factors Determining Extent

  1. Surfactant Structure

  2. Solubilizate Structure

  3. Electrolyte

  4. Organic Additives

  5. Polymeric Additives

  6. Mixed Micelles

  7. Temperature

  8. Hydrotropy

• C. Rate
  II. Solubilization in Nonaqueous Solvents

• A. Secondary Solubilization
  III. Effects of Solubilization

• A. Micellar Structure

• B. Cloud Points

• C. CMC Reduction

• D. Miscellaneous
  IV. Micellar Catalysis

5. Reduction of Surface and Interfacial Tension by Surfactants

I. Efficiency in Surface Tension Reduction
II. Effectiveness

• A. Krafft Point

• B. Interfacial Parameters
  III. Liquid–Liquid Interfacial Tension Reduction

• A. Ultralow Interfacial Tension
  IV. Dynamic Surface Tension

• A. Dynamic Regions

• B. Diffusion Coefficients

6. Wetting and Its Modification by Surfactants

I. Wetting Equilibria

• A. Spreading

  1. Contact Angle

  2. Measurement

• B. Adhesional

• C. Immersional

• D. Adsorption
  II. Modification of Wetting

• A. General

• B. Hard Surface Wetting

• C. Textile Wetting

• D. Additives
  III. Synergy in Mixtures
  IV. Superspreading

7. Foaming and Antifoaming by Aqueous Solutions of Surfactants

I. Film Elasticity
II. Foam Persistence

• A. Drainage

• B. Gas Diffusion

• C. Surface Viscosity

• D. Electrical Double Layer
  III. Chemical Structure vs. Foaming

• A. Efficiency

• B. Effectiveness

• C. Low-Foaming Surfactants
  IV. Foam-Stabilizing Additives
  V. Antifoaming
  VI. Foaming of Solid Dispersions
  VII. Foaming in Organic Media

8. Emulsification by Surfactants

I. Macroemulsions

• A. Formation

• B. Stability

  1. Interfacial Film

  2. Barriers to Coalescence

  3. Continuous Phase Viscosity

  4. Droplet Size Distribution

  5. Phase Volume Ratio

  6. Temperature

• C. Inversion

• D. Multiple Emulsions

• E. Theories of Emulsion Type
  II. Microemulsions
  III. Nanoemulsions
  IV. Surfactant Selection

• A. HLB Method

• B. PIT Method

• C. HLD Method
  V. Demulsification

9. Detergency and Soil Removal by Surfactants

I. Soil Types
II. Fabric Types
III. Washing Processes
IV. Soil Removal Mechanisms

• A. Interfacial Tension Lowering

• B. Emulsification and Solubilization

• C. Roll-up

• D. Electrostatic Effects

• E. Foaming

• F. Antiredeposition
  V. Surfactant Structure vs. Detergency
  VI. Detergent Builders
  VII. Detergent Additives

• A. Antiredeposition Agents

• B. Optical Brighteners

• C. Bleaches and Activators

• D. Enzymes
  VIII. Detergency Evaluation

10. Dispersion and Aggregation of Solids in Liquids by Surfactants

I. Stabilization Mechanisms

• A. Electrostatic

• B. Steric

• C. Electrosteric
  II. Surfactant Structure vs. Dispersion Power
  III. Types of Dispersions

• A. Pigments

• B. Clays

• C. Carbon Black

• D. Silicas

• E. Pharmaceutical Solids

• F. Cement Particles
  IV. Coagulation and Flocculation

• A. Inorganic Electrolytes

• B. Polyelectrolytes

• C. Hydrophobically Modified Polymers

• D. Surfactants as Flocculants
  V. Dewatering and Washing

11. Rheological Phenomena in Surfactant Systems

I. General Considerations
II. Viscosity Behavior of Surfactant Solutions

• A. Effect of Micelle Structure

• B. Effect of Additives

• C. Rheology of Viscoelastic Systems

• D. Measurement Techniques
  III. Rheology of Suspensions and Emulsions

• A. Concentration Effects

• B. Particle Shape and Size Effects

• C. Surface Modification

• D. Depletion Flocculation
  IV. Associative Thickeners

12. Interactions of Surfactants with Polymers and Proteins

I. General Features
II. Polymer–Surfactant Interactions

• A. Electrostatic

• B. Hydrophobic

• C. Hydrogen Bonding
  III. Structure and Phase Behavior

• A. Precipitation and Redissolution

• B. Micelle-Like Aggregates

• C. Phase Separation

• D. Gel Formation
  IV. Surfactant Effects on Protein Structure and Function
  V. Surfactants in Controlled Release Systems
  VI. Mixed Systems with Polymers and Particles

13. Surfactant Self-Assembly in Nonaqueous Media

I. Micellization in Organic Solvents
II. Microemulsions and Reverse Micelles
III. Lyotropic Liquid Crystals
IV. Effect of Solvent Properties
V. Applications in Catalysis, Drug Delivery, and Nanomaterials

14. Surfactants in Nanotechnology and Material Science

I. Surfactant-Directed Synthesis of Nanomaterials

• A. Nanoparticles

• B. Nanotubes

• C. Mesoporous Materials
  II. Templating and Structure Control
  III. Surface Modification and Functionalization
  IV. Surfactants in Thin Films and Coatings

15. Analytical Techniques for Studying Surfactants

I. Surface and Interfacial Tension Measurement
II. Light Scattering Techniques
III. Microscopy (TEM, SEM, AFM)
IV. Spectroscopic Methods (UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, ESR)
V. X-ray and Neutron Scattering
VI. Chromatography and Electrophoresis
VII. Rheometry

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Tags: Milton Rosen, Joy Kunjappu, Surfactants, Phenomena