The Confluence of Public and Private International Law Justice Pluralism and Subsidiarity in the International Constitutional Ordering of Private Law 1st Edition by Alex Mills 0521731305 9780521731300

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ISBN 10: 0521731305

ISBN 13: 9780521731300

Author: Alex Mills

A sharp distinction is usually drawn between public international law, concerned with the rights and obligations of states with respect to other states and individuals, and private international law, concerned with issues of jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in international private law disputes before national courts. Through the adoption of an international systemic perspective, Dr Alex Mills challenges this distinction by exploring the ways in which norms of public international law shape and are given effect through private international law. Based on an analysis of the history of private international law, its role in US, EU, Australian and Canadian federal constitutional law, and its relationship with international constitutional law, he rejects its conventional characterisation as purely national law. He argues instead that private international law effects an international ordering of regulatory authority in private law, structured by international principles of justice, pluralism and subsidiarity.

Table of contents:

1 Justice, pluralism and the international perspective

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Justice, pluralism and private international law

1.2.1. Justice and the application of foreign law

1.2.2. Justice and jurisdiction

1.2.3. Justice and foreign judgments

1.2.4. Party expectations

1.2.5. Conclusions

1.3 Perspectives on private international law

1.3.1. The systemic perspective

1.3.2. National and international perspectives

1.3.3. Autonomy and mutuality

1.4 Justice revisited

1.4.1. Conflicts justice

1.4.2. Systemic justice

1.4.3. Private international law rules as secondary rules

1.5 The components of private international law

1.6 The international character of private international law

1.7 Outline

2 The private history of international law

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The origins of private international law

2.2.1. Roman law

2.2.2. The statutists

i) The conflict between foreign law and local law

ii) The conflict between personal law and territorial law

iii) The rise of the territorial state

2.2.3. The common law

2.3 The positivist ‘revolution’ in international law

2.3.1. General features of positivism

2.3.2. Sovereignty and state practice

2.3.3. The positivist account of international law

2.3.4. Positivist international law and private international law

i) The Dutch school

ii) Story

iii) Westlake

iv) Dicey

2.4 Natural law

2.4.1. Natural law and international law

2.4.2. Natural law and private international law

2.5 Historicism

2.5.1. Historicism and international law

2.5.2. Historicism and private international law

2.6 The end of the private history of international law?

2.6.1. The decline of universality

2.6.2. Self-limitation in public and private international law

2.6.3. Private international law as national law

2.7 Conclusions

3 From positivism to constitutionalism

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Critiques of positivism

3.2.1. The myth of sovereignty

3.2.2. Explanatory critique

3.2.3. Normative critique

3.3 Beyond positivism

3.3.1. New natural law

3.3.2. New historicism

3.3.3. Sovereignty reconsidered

3.4 Challenges to the international/national legal divide

3.4.1. Explanatory critique

i) Legal instruments and arguments

ii) The public/private distinction

iii) Fragmentation

3.4.2. Normative critique

3.5 International constitutional law and subsidiarity

3.5.1. Constitutionalism and international ‘secondary norms’

3.5.2. Universalism and the supremacy of international law

3.5.3. Subsidiarity

3.5.4. The allocation of regulatory authority

3.5.5. International federalism and global governance

3.6 Conclusions

4 Private international law and constitutional law in federal systems

4.1 Introduction

4.2 ‘Federal’ private international law

4.2.1. The possibility of federal private international law

4.2.2. Internal and international private international law

4.2.3. The slow development of federal private international law

i) Universalism

ii) Unilateralism

4.2.4. The special role of private international law in federal systems

i) Private international law as structure

ii) Private international law as rights protection

4.3 The United States

4.3.1. Private international law – international or constitutional?

i) Story – private international law as federal common law

ii) Full Faith and Credit

iii) Due Process

iv) Private international law – a branch of constitutional law?

4.3.2. The two revolutions in United States private international law

i) Beale and the First Restatement

ii) The Supreme Court’s revolution – private international law as State law

iii) The theorists’ revolution – private international law as judicial discretion

4.3.3. The impact of the constitution on State choice of law rules

i) The decline of Full Faith and Credit

ii) Significant contacts

iii) The Second Restatement

4.3.4. The impact of the constitution on exceptions to State choice of law rules

4.3.5. The impact of the constitution on jurisdiction

4.3.6. The impact of the constitution on the recognition and enforcement of judgments

4.3.7. Explaining the weak impact of the constitution on US private international law – subsidiari

4.4 Australia

4.4.1. Applicable law in diversity jurisdiction

4.4.2. Early interpretation of the Full Faith and Credit clause

i) Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments

ii) Choice of law

4.4.3. The Australian revolution – choice of law in tort

4.5 Canada

4.5.1. The Canadian revolution – jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments

4.5.2. The Canadian revolution – choice of law in tort

4.6 The European Union

4.6.1. The need for European private international law

4.6.2. Private international law and the internal market

4.6.3. The expanding role of private international law

4.6.4. Subsidiarity and the idea of private international law as structure

4.6.5. Private international law as a system of rights protection

i) Rights protection in the formulation of private international law rules

ii) Rights protection in the application of private international law rules – the ‘Europeanisati

4.6.6. Reconciling structure and rights protection

4.6.7. Mutual recognition and the ‘country of origin’ principle

i) Mutual recognition and subsidiarity

ii) Mutual recognition and regulatory competition

iii) Mutual recognition as European public policy

4.7 Conclusions

4.7.1. Private international law as structure

4.7.2. Private international law as rights protection

4.7.3. Federalism and private international law

5 The confluence of public and private international law

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Evidence of a systemic perspective in private international law

5.2.1. International law and institutions

5.2.2. The United States

5.2.3. Common law states and the European Union

5.2.4. Conclusions

5.3 Constitutional structure

5.3.1. International regulation of regulation

i) Public international law rules of ‘jurisdiction’

ii) Foundations for the assertion of regulatory authority

5.3.2. Territoriality

i) Territoriality in public international law

ii) Territoriality in private international law

iii) Territoriality and globalisation

5.3.3. Personality

i) Personality in public international law

ii) Personality in private international law

iii) The temporal dimension of personality

5.3.4. Cultural identity and private international law

5.3.5. Public policy

5.3.6. Interests and connections

i) Subjective interests

ii) Objective interests

iii) Systemic interests

5.4 International rights protection

5.4.1. The development of international private rights

5.4.2. The domestic effect of international rights

5.4.3. International rights in the formulation of private international law rules

5.4.4. International rights in the application of private international law rules – international

i) The idea of international public policy

ii) International public policy in practice

iii) Distinguishing European and international public policy

iv) Conclusions

5.4.5 International harmonisation of procedural law

5.5 International economic law and private international law

5.6 Party autonomy

5.7 Subsidiarity in private international law

6 Conclusions

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Tags: Alex Mills, Confluence, Private, International, Pluralism