The IVP Bible Background Commentary New Testament 2nd Edition by Craig Keener 9780830824786 0830824782
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ISBN 10: 0830824782
ISBN 13: 9780830824786
Author: Craig S. Keener
Christianity Today’s Books of the Year and Preaching’s Preacher’s Guide to the Best Bible Reference A Revised Edition of the Bestselling Reference Work from IVP This revised edition of the standard reference work in its field has been expanded throughout to now provide even more up-to-date information by Craig Keener, one of the leading New Testament scholars on Jewish, Greek and Roman culture. To understand and apply the Bible well, you need two crucial sources of information. One is the Bible itself. The other is an understanding of the cultural background of the passage you’re reading. Only with the background can you grasp the author’s original concerns and purposes. This unique commentary provides, in verse-by-verse format, the crucial cultural background you need for responsible—and richer—Bible study. It includes: a glossary of cultural terms and important historical figures, maps and charts up-to-date bibliographies, and introductory essays about cultural background information for each book of the New Testament. Based on decades of in-depth study, this accessible and bestselling commentary is valuable for pastors in sermon preparation, for small group leaders and other church teachers as they build lessons, for missionaries concerned not to import their own cultural biases into the Bible, for college and seminary students in classroom assignments, and for everyday Bible readers seeking to deepen and enhance their study of Scripture.
Table of contents:
1:1-17 The Background of Jesus
1:18-25 The Birth of Jesus
2:1-12 The Pagan Seekers
2:13-15 Egypt and a New Exodus
2:16-18 Herod’s Slaughter: A New Captivity
2:19-23 The Nazarene
3:1-12 Jesus’ Forerunner
3:13-17 Jesus’ Accreditation by God
4:1-11 Jesus Overcomes Israel’s Tests
4:12-17 Foreshadowing the Preaching to Gentiles
4:18-22 Examples of Repentance
4:23-25 Examples of Kingdom Authority
5:1-12 The Beatitudes, or Blessings
5:13-16 Real Discipleship
5:17-20 The Law Enforced
5:21-26 Anger as Murder
5:27-30 Lust as Adultery
5:31-32 Remarriage as Adultery
5:33-37 Integrity, Not Oaths
5:38-42 Nonresistance
5:43-48 Beyond Nonresistance
6:1-4 Secret Charity
6:5-15 Secret Prayer
6:16-18 Secret Fasting
6:19-24 Don’t Seek Possessions
6:25-34 Don’t Worry About Possessions
7:1-5 Reciprocal Judgment
7:6-12 Imitating God’s Gifts
7:13-27 The Two Ways
7:28-29 Response of the Masses
8:1-4 Touching the Unclean: Leprosy
8:5-13 A Non-Jew’s Faith
8:14-17 Messiah the Healer
8:18-22 Jesus’ Demands
8:23-27 Lord of Nature
8:28-34 Lord over Evil Spirits
9:1-8 Authority to Forgive and to Heal
9:9-13 A Physician for Sinners
9:14-17 Appropriate Fasting
9:18-26 Touching the Unclean: Blood and Death
9:27-34 Healing Blind Eyes
9:35-38 More Laborers Needed
10:1-4 Sending the Twelve
10:5-15 The Mission
10:16-23 Promise of Persecution
10:24-33 Comfort in Persecution
10:34-39 The Cost of Discipleship
10:40-42 Receiving Christ’s Messengers
11:1-19 More Than a Prophet: The Forerunner
11:20-24 Judgment on Cities
11:25-27 God’s Revelation
11:28-30 The True Sabbath
12:1-8 Food on the Sabbath
12:9-14 Healing on the Sabbath
12:15-21 The Spirit-Anointed Servant
12:22-37 Blaspheming the Spirit
12:38-45 A Demonized Generation
12:46-50 Jesus’ Real Family
13:1-9 The Sower, the Seed and the Soils
13:10-23 The Sower Explained: Understanding the Word
13:24-30 The Story of Wheat and Tares
13:31-33 The Stories of Mustard Seed and Leaven
13:34-35 Secret Teachings
13:36-43 The Final Separation of Wheat and Tares
13:44-46 The Kingdom’s Value
13:47-50 The Final Separation of Good and Bad Fish
13:51-52 Scribes for the Kingdom
13:53-58 Dishonor at Home
14:1-12 Herod Executes John
14:13-21 Feeding the Five Thousand
14:22-33 Walking on the Water
14:34-36 Healings at Gennesaret
15:1-20 Human Tradition Versus God’s Word
15:21-28 Mercy on the Canaanites
15:29-31 Lame, Crippled, Blind and Mute Healed
15:32-39 The Second Feeding
16:1-4 No Sign but Jonah’s
16:5-12 Evil Yeast
16:13-20 The Christ and the Rock
16:21-28 Redefining Messiahship
17:1-13 The Glory Shines Again
17:14-23 Inadequate Faith for Exorcism
17:24-27 The Children Are Exempt
18:1-6 Offending the Children
18:7-14 Offenders of the Powerless
18:15-20 Disciplining Offenders
18:21-35 Forgiving the Forgivers
19:1-12 Grounds for Divorce
19:13-15 Blessing the Kingdom’s Children
19:16-22 The Price Was Too High
19:23-29 A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Kingdom
19:30–20:16 The Last and the First
20:17-19 Jesus as the Last
20:20-28 The Greatest Is the Servant
20:29-34 Taking Time for the Blind
21:1-11 The Meek King
21:12-17 Challenging the Temple Aristocracy
21:18-22 The Power of Faith
21:23-32 The Right Authority
21:33-46 The Evil Tenants and the Benevolent Landowner
22:1-14 Honor the King’s Son—or Die
22:15-22 Caesar and God
22:23-33 The God of the Living
22:34-40 The Greatest Commandments
22:41-46 David’s Lord
23:1-12 Serve More Humbly Than Pharisees
23:13-28 Woes to the Hypocrites
23:29-39 Killing the Prophets
24:1-3 Introduction to the Judgment Discourse
24:4-14 Coming Events
24:15-22 The Events of 66–70
24:23-28 Beware of False Messiahs
24:29-31 Final Signs
24:32-35 Certainty of the Coming
24:36-44 Uncertainty of the Time of His Coming
24:45-51 Watchful Servants
25:1-13 Watchful Bridesmaids
25:14-30 Making Use of the Interim Time
25:31-46 Judging Sheep and Goats
26:1-16 How Much Is Jesus Worth?
26:17-30 Betrayal and Death in the Passover
26:31-46 The Other Betrayers
26:47-56 Completion of the Betrayal
26:57-68 Jesus’ Trial
26:69-75 Peter’s Final Betrayal
27:1-10 The Other Betrayer’s Remorse
27:11-26 The Messiah or the Revolutionary
27:27-44 Executing the King of the Jews
27:45-56 The King’s Death
27:57-61 Jesus’ Burial
27:62-66 Making Sure He Stayed Buried
28:1-10 The First Witnesses of the Risen Jesus
28:11-15 The Final Subversion
28:16-20 Jesus’ Final Orders
Mark
1:1-15 Introduction of the One Who Brings the Kingdom
1:16-20 Downward Mobility and Jesus’ Call
1:21-28 Authority over Demons
1:29-34 The Healer’s Popularity
1:35-39 Prayer Alone
1:40-45 Cleansing a Leper
2:1-12 Healed and Forgiven
2:13-17 A Tax Gatherer Follows
2:18-22 The Right Time to Fast
2:23-27 The Right Use of the Sabbath
3:1-6 Healing or Killing on the Sabbath
3:7-12 Increasing Popularity
3:13-19 Commissioning Twelve Representatives
3:20-30 Jesus Raids Satan’s House
3:31-34 Jesus’ Real Family
4:1-20 The Parable of the Sower and Four Soils
4:21-25 Accountability for the Word
4:26-32 A Microcosm of the Future Kingdom
4:33-34 Secret Teachings
4:35-41 Lord of Creation
5:1-20 Overpowering a Legion of Demons
5:21-43 Healing a Girl and an Outcast Woman
6:1-6 Jesus’ Rejection in His Hometown
6:7-13 Traveling Representatives of Jesus
6:14-29 The Politician Murders the Prophet
6:30-44 A Shepherd Feeds His Sheep
6:45-52 Walking on Water
6:53-56 Crowds Seek Healing
7:1-23 True and False Religion
7:24-30 A Gentile Woman’s Faith
7:31-37 A Deaf-Mute Healed
8:1-13 Feeding the Four Thousand
8:14-21 Disciples Still Blind
8:22-26 Blindness Half-Cured
8:27-30 The Disciples Half-See
8:31–9:1 Jesus Explains His Messianic Mission
9:2-13 Glory on the Mountain
9:14-32 Insufficient Faith for Exorcism
9:33-37 The Greatest Is the Child
9:38-41 Turning Away a True Believer
9:42-50 The Penalty for Turning a Believer Away
10:1-12 Divorce Forbidden
10:13-16 Images of the Kingdom
10:17-31 A Rich Man and the Kingdom
10:32-34 Third Passion Prediction
10:35-45 The Greatest Is the Servant
10:46-52 Stopping for a Blind Beggar
11:1-11 Jesus Enters Jerusalem
11:12-25 The Temple and the Tree: Judgment Coming
11:27-33 By Whose Authority?
12:1-12 The Greedy Tenant Farmers
12:13-17 Caesar and God
12:18-27 Sadducees and the Resurrection
12:28-34 The Love Commandments
12:35-37 David’s Lord
12:38-44 The Pious Poor and Their Religious Oppressors
13:1-4 Setting of Jesus’ End-Time Discourse
13:5-8 Not Yet the End
13:9-13 Sufferings to Expect Before the End
13:14-23 The Prerequisite for the End
13:24-27 The End of This World
13:28-31 The End Is Imminent
13:32-37 The Time of the End Is Unknown
14:1-11 Anointed for Burial
14:12-26 The New Passover and the Betrayer
14:27-31 Other Betrayers Predicted
14:32-42 Watchmen Asleep
14:43-52 The Betrayal
14:53-65 The Sanhedrin’s Miscarriage of Justice
14:66-72 Peter’s Denials
15:1-15 Pilate and the King
15:16-20 Hailing the King
15:21-32 The Crucified King
15:33-41 The Death of the King
15:42-47 The Burial of the King
16:1-8 The Women at the Tomb
16:9-20 The Commission (An Appendix)
Luke
1:1-4 The Literary Preface
1:5-25 The Angel and the Priest
1:26-38 The Angel and the Girl
1:39-56 Miracle Mothers Meet
1:57-66 The Birth of John
1:67-80 Zechariah’s Prophecy
2:1-7 Journey to Bethlehem
2:8-20 The Real King’s Birth
2:21-40 The Infant and His Witnesses
2:41-52 The Boy in the Temple
3:1-6 Introduction of John
3:7-20 John’s Preaching
3:21-22 Jesus’ Sonship Declared
3:23-38 Jesus’ Ancestry
4:1-13 Tested in the Wilderness
4:14-30 Preaching in His Hometown Synagogue
4:31-37 Preaching in Capernaum’s Synagogue
4:38-44 Popularity Increases
5:1-11 Fishers of People
5:12-16 Cleansing a Leper
5:17-26 Healing a Paralytic
5:27-32 Partying with Sinners
5:31-39 Partying or Fasting?
6:1-5 Lord of the Sabbath
6:6-11 Lawful to Do Good
6:12-16 Choosing the Twelve
6:17-26 Blessings and Woes
6:27-38 Treat Others Mercifully
6:39-45 True and False Teachers
6:46-49 Right and Wrong Foundations
7:1-10 A Pagan’s Amazing Faith
7:11-17 Interrupting a Funeral
7:18-23 Encouraging John
7:24-35 Vindicating John
7:36-50 The Pharisee and the Sinful Woman
8:1-3 The Women Disciples
8:4-15 The Sower, the Seed and the Soils
8:16-18 Accountability for the Word
8:19-21 Jesus’ True Family
8:22-25 Master of Winds and Sea
8:26-39 Subduing the Demonic Legion
8:40-56 Death and the Flow of Blood
9:1-6 Authorizing the Twelve
9:7-9 John Returned?
9:10-17 Mass Feeding
9:18-27 The Cost of Following the Real Messiah
9:28-36 A Taste of Future Glory
9:37-43a Delivering a Demoniac
9:43b-50 Qualifying Misconceptions of Glory
9:51-56 Jerusalem via Samaria
9:57-62 True Discipleship
10:1-16 Authorizing the Seventy(-two)
10:17-24 The Real Cause for Joy
10:25-37 Loving One’s Neighbor
10:38-42 The Woman Disciple
11:1-13 Jesus on Prayer
11:14-26 Who Is Satan’s Real Vassal?
11:27-36 The Genuinely Blessed
11:37-54 Denouncing Religious Colleagues
12:1-12 Sound Speech and the Day of Judgment
12:13-21 Materialism and Hell
12:22-34 The Unimportance of Possessions
12:35-40 Ready for His Coming
12:41-48 For Ministers Too
12:49-53 Bringer of Division
12:54-59 Signs of the Times
13:1-9 Repent or Perish
13:10-17 Healing on the Sabbath
13:18-30 The Nature of the Kingdom
13:31-35 Lament of the Rejected Lover
14:1-6 Healing on the Sabbath
14:7-14 Instructions to Guests and Hosts
14:15-24 The Ultimate Banquet
14:25-35 The Cost of Following Jesus
15:1-2 Sinful Friends
15:3-7 The Lost Sheep
15:8-10 The Lost Coin
15:11-32 The Lost Son
16:1-13 The Unfaithful Steward
16:14-18 The Radical Demands of the Law
16:19-31 The Rich Man and the Poor Man
17:1-4 Proper Relationships
17:5-10 The Faith of Servants
17:11-19 A Samaritan’s Gratitude
17:20-37 The Nature of the Impending Kingdom
18:1-8 God the Faithful Judge
18:9-14 The Pharisee and the Tax Gatherer
18:15-17 The Kingdom Is for Children
18:18-30 Sacrificing Wealth for the Kingdom
18:31-34 Jesus’ Impending Suffering
18:35-43 Healing a Blind Suppliant
19:1-10 A Tax Gatherer’s Repentance
19:11-27 Making Use of the Delay
19:28-40 The Royal Entrance
19:41-44 Jerusalem’s Doom
19:45-48 Transforming the Temple
20:1-8 On Whose Authority?
20:9-18 Judgment on Evil Leaders
20:19-26 Both Sides of the Coin
20:27-40 God of the Living
20:41-44 David’s Lord
20:45–21:4 The Powerful and the Weak
21:5-7 Introduction to the Discourse on the Future
21:8-19 Imminent Sufferings
21:20-24 The Fall of Jerusalem
21:25-38 Be Prepared
22:1-13 Preparing the Passover
22:14-23 Eating the Passover
22:24-30 Exaltation of the Servants
22:31-38 Preparing for the Betrayal
22:39-46 The Prepared and the Unprepared
22:47-53 The Betrayal
22:54-62 Peter’s Denials
22:63-71 The Decree of the Sanhedrin
23:1-12 Accusations Before Pilate and Herod
23:13-25 Pilate and the Crowds
23:26-32 Road to the Cross
23:33-43 On the Cross
23:44-49 Jesus’ Death
23:50-56 Jesus’ Burial
24:1-12 The First Announcement
24:13-35 The Emmaus Appearance
24:36-43 The Nature of Jesus’ Resurrection
24:44-53 The Final Commission
John
1:1-18 The Word Becomes Flesh
1:19-28 John’s Witness to the Jewish Leaders
1:29-34 John’s Witness to His Disciples
1:35-39 John’s Disciples Follow Jesus
1:40-51 The Disciples Witness Too
2:1-11 Jesus’ First Sign
2:12-25 The Raising of a New Temple
3:1-8 Conversion as Birth from Above
3:9-21 The Revealer from Above
3:22-36 The Witness and the Son
4:1-6 Jesus Travels Through Samaria
4:7-26 A Gift for a Samaritan Sinner
4:27-42 Reaping Among the Samaritans
4:43-54 Faith and Healing in Galilee
5:1-9a Healing at Bethesda
5:9b-18 Betrayal on the Sabbath
5:19-29 Jesus’ Relation to the Father
5:30-47 Jesus’ Witnesses
6:1-15 A New Passover Meal
6:16-21 Lord of the Sea
6:22-29 Proper Motives
6:30-59 Jesus as the New Manna
6:60-71 Perseverance and Apostasy
7:1-9 The Unbelief of Jesus’ Brothers
7:10-36 Divided Opinions
7:37-39 Rivers of Water
7:40-52 The Division Deepens
7:53–8:11 The Woman Taken in Adultery
8:12-29 Accepting the Witness of the Light
8:30-47 Debating Parentage
8:48-59 Greater Than Abraham
9:1-12 Healing the Blind
9:13-23 Interrogating the Witnesses
9:24-34 Excommunicating a Disciple
9:35-41 The Seeing and the Blind
10:1-21 Shepherd, Sheep and Robbers
10:22-42 In the Temple at Hanukkah
11:1-16 Announcement of Lazarus’s Sickness
11:17-37 Comforting the Mourners
11:38-44 Raising Lazarus
11:45-57 The Religious People Plot to Kill Jesus
12:1-11 Mary’s Gratitude, and Dying to Live
12:12-22 The World Follows
12:23-34 Jesus’ Death Approaches
12:35-50 Belief and Unbelief
13:1-11 Footwashing
13:12-20 The Meaning of Footwashing
13:21-30 The Betrayer’s Mission
13:31-35 Glory and Love Defined
13:36–14:1 Following to the Cross?
14:2-7 Where Jesus Is Going, Enigmatic Version
14:8-17 Revealing the Father Clearly
14:18-31 Jesus’ Coming and Revealing
15:1-8 Dwelling in the Vine
15:9-17 Abiding in Love
15:18–16:4 The World’s Hatred
16:5-15 The Spirit’s Witness
16:16-33 Seeing Jesus Again
17:1-5 Jesus Reviews His Mission
17:6-19 Jesus Prays for His Disciples
17:20-26 Jesus Prays for Future Disciples
18:1-11 The Betrayer Arrives
18:12-27 At the House of Annas
18:28-38a Jesus Before Pilate
18:38b–19:3 Pilate Meets the Masses
19:4-16 Politics over Justice
19:17-22 The Crucifixion
19:23-37 Jesus’ Death
19:38-42 Jesus’ Burial
20:1-10 The Discovery
20:11-18 The First Appearance: Mary Magdalene
20:19-23 Appearing to Other Disciples
20:24-31 Appearing to Thomas
21:1-14 Appearing in Galilee
21:15-23 Two Commissions
21:24-25 Attestation of Witnesses
Acts
1:1-5 Preparing to Go
1:6-11 Coming and Going
1:12-14 The Prayer Meeting
1:15-26 Replacing an Apostate Apostle
2:1-4 The Proofs of Pentecost
2:5-13 The Peoples of Pentecost
2:14-21 The Prophecy of Pentecost
2:22-40 The Preaching of Pentecost
2:41-47 The Power of Pentecost
3:1-10 Healing in His Name
3:11-26 A Preaching Opportunity
4:1-12 Arraigned by the Temple Authorities
4:13-22 God’s Authority Rather Than the Hierarchy’s
4:23-31 Praise in the Face of Persecution
4:32-37 Continuing Revival
5:1-11 Addressing Sin in the Camp
5:12-16 Miracles Increase
5:17-32 Arrested Again
5:33-42 A Pharisaic Moderate’s Support
6:1-7 The Seven Distributors of Charity
6:8–7:1 Stephen Arraigned
7:2-7 The Abraham Narrative
7:8-16 The Joseph Narrative
7:17-34 The Moses Narrative
7:35-41 A Rejected Savior Like Moses
7:42-50 God’s View of the Temple
7:51-53 Stephen’s Climax
7:54–8:4 The First Martyr
8:5-13 The Conversion of Samaria
8:14-25 Apostolic Ratification of the Samaritan Conversions
8:26-40 Conversion of an African Official
9:1-9 Jesus Arrests Saul
9:10-19a Ananias’s Mission
9:19b-31 Confrontations in Damascus and Jerusalem
9:32-43 Continuing Miracles Through Peter
10:1-8 Cornelius’s Vision
10:9-16 Peter’s Vision
10:17-23a Receiving the Gentiles
10:23b-33 Cornelius Receives Peter
10:34-43 Peter’s Message
10:44-48 Saved Gentiles
11:1-18 Called to Account
11:19-30 The Ministry at Antioch
12:1-24 Peter’s Deliverance
12:25–13:3 Antioch Sends Out Missionaries
13:4-12 The Proconsul of Cyprus Believes
13:13-52 Sermon in Pisidian Antioch
14:1-7 Opposition in Iconium
14:8-20a Preaching at Lystra
14:20b-28 Consolidating the Work
15:1-5 The Controversy
15:6-11 Peter’s Response
15:12-21 James’s Response
15:22-35 The Church’s Decree
15:36-41 Returning to the Mission Field
16:1-5 Spreading the Word
16:6-10 The Spirit’s Guidance
16:11-15 A Response in Philippi
16:16-22 Exorcisms and Economics
16:23-40 Prison Ministry
17:1-9 Turmoil in Thessalonica
17:10-15 Response at Berea
17:16-20 Entering Athens
17:21-31 Before the Areopagus Council
17:32-34 Response of the Intellectuals
18:1-11 The Church in Corinth
18:12-17 Gallio’s Refusal
18:18-23 Paul Returns Home
18:24-28 Apollos’s Enlightenment
19:1-7 The Spirit Poured Out in Ephesus
19:8-12 Word Spreads in Ephesus
19:13-20 The Inadequacy of Magic
19:21-22 Changing Course
19:23-41 Artemis and Economics
20:1-6 To and from Greece
20:7-12 Resuscitation at Troas
20:13-17 Continuing the Journey
20:18-35 Paul’s Farewell Speech
20:36–21:6 The Affection of Paul’s Friends
21:7-16 Agabus’s Prophecy
21:17-26 Paul’s Jewish Identity Affirmed
21:27-36 Riot in the Temple
21:37–22:2 Paul and the Tribune
22:3-21 Paul’s Speech in the Temple
22:22-29 Examining Paul
22:30–23:10 Before the Sanhedrin
23:11-22 The Plot Against Paul
23:23-32 The Commander’s Countermeasures
23:33–24:9 The Hearing Before Felix
24:10-21 Paul’s Defense Before Felix
24:22-27 Felix’s Procrastination
25:1-12 Hearing Before Festus
25:13-22 Festus and Agrippa II
25:23–26:1 The Hearing Before Agrippa Begins
26:2-11 Paul’s Pious Background
26:12-23 The Risen Christ Calls Paul to the Gentiles
26:24-32 The Court’s Evaluation
27:1-8 The Voyage to Rome Begins
27:9-19 The Crisis at Sea
27:20-44 The God of Safety on the Sea
28:1-10 Miracles on Malta
28:11-16 Journey to Rome
28:17-31 Paul, Jews and Gentiles in Rome
New Testament Letters
Romans
1:1-7 Introduction
1:8-17 Paul’s Thanksgiving
1:18-23 Willful Idolaters
1:24-32 Other Pagan Deeds
2:1-11 No Partiality
2:12-16 Stricter Judgment
2:17-24 Disobeying the Law
2:25-29 True Judaism
3:1-8 God’s Justice: Why Then Israel?
3:9-18 Proof from Scripture
3:19-31 The Law and Righteousness
4:1-22 Abraham Made Righteous by Faith
4:23–5:11 The Believer Declared Righteous
5:12-21 A Common Heritage in Sin and Righteousness
6:1-11 Dead to Sin
6:12-23 Free from Sin, Servants of Righteousness
7:1-6 Dead to and Freed from the Law
7:7-13 Sin Unfairly Exploited the Law
7:14-25 The Struggle of Human Effort Under the Law
8:1-11 People of the Spirit Versus People of the Flesh
8:12-17 Led by the Spirit
8:18-27 Birth Pangs of a New World
8:28-30 God’s Eternal Purpose
8:31-39 God’s Triumphant Love
9:1-5 Israel’s Rightful Place
9:6-13 Not Saved by Ethnic Descent
9:14-18 God’s Choice in Moses’ Time
9:19-29 God Chooses Gentiles
9:30–10:4 Israel’s Wrong Righteousness
10:5-10 Two Approaches to Righteousness
10:11-21 Salvation for All Peoples
11:1-10 Always a Remnant
11:11-14 Provoking Israel to Jealousy
11:15-24 The Jewishness of the Christian Faith
11:25-32 The Coming Salvation of Israel
11:33-36 Praising God’s Wisdom
12:1-8 Serve One Another
12:9-21 General Parenesis
13:1-7 Submission to Civil Authorities
13:8-10 Fulfilling the Law
13:11-14 Waking for the Dawn
14:1-23 Don’t Be Divided over Foods or Holy Days
15:1-13 Christ as a Minister of Ethnic Reconciliation
15:14-33 Paul as a Minister of Ethnic Reconciliation
16:1-2 Letter of Recommendation for a Minister
16:3-16 Greetings to Friends in Rome
16:17-20 Concluding Exhortation
16:21-24 Greetings to the Church in Rome
16:25-27 Closing Benediction
1 Corinthians
1:1-9 Opening Greetings
1:10-17 Christ Not Divided
1:18-25 God’s Wisdom in the Cross
1:26-31 Inversion of Status
2:1-5 Saved by the Cross, Not by Rhetoric
2:6-16 Genuine Wisdom Through the Spirit
3:1-9 Do Not Follow Servants
3:10-20 The Real Test of God’s Servants
3:21-23 All Things Are the Corinthians’ Anyway
4:1-5 Do Not Evaluate Before the Real Test
4:6-13 Apostles Last of All
4:14-21 A Father’s Threat
5:1-5 Discipline for Sexual Immorality
5:6-13 Removing Immorality in the Church
6:1-11 Christians in Secular Courts
6:12-20 The Body Is for God, Not for Immorality
7:1-7 Fulfilling Conjugal Rights
7:8-16 Getting Married Versus Staying Married
7:17-24 Be Content with Present Circumstances
7:25-38 Advice Especially to Virgins
7:39-40 Widows and Remarriage
8:1-13 Food Offered to Idols
9:1-14 Worthy of Support
9:15-27 Paul Sacrifices His Rights
10:1-13 Israel’s History as a Warning
10:14-23 Idol Meat Supports Demons
10:24–11:1 Instructions for the Sake of Others
11:2-16 Head Coverings and Sexual Modesty
11:17-34 Factionalized Fellowship
12:1-3 Qualifying the Gifts
12:4-11 Diverse Gifts
12:12-26 All Members of the Body Are Necessary
12:27-31 Different Gifts Again
13:1-3 Nothing Without Love
13:4-13 What Love Is
14:1-20 Intelligible Versus Unintelligible Speech
14:21-25 Effects on Visitors of Intelligible and Unintelligible Speech
14:26-33 Regulations to Keep Order
14:34-35 Interruptions at Lectures
14:36-40 Final Exhortations on Gifts
15:1-11 Jesus Was Raised
15:12-19 Resurrection of Christ and of Believers
15:20-28 God’s Plan for History
15:29-34 Suffering in Hope of Resurrection
15:35-49 The Nature of the Resurrection Body
15:50-58 The Resurrection Hope
16:1-4 Paul’s Collection
16:5-9 Paul’s Travel Plans
16:10-18 Recommendations and Exhortations
16:19-24 Closing Greetings
2 Corinthians
1:1-7 Opening Greetings
1:8-11 Paul’s Sufferings
1:12-22 Paul Had a Reason for Not Coming
1:23–2:13 Paul Delayed Coming in Order to Spare Them
2:14-17 Witnesses to Christ’s Triumph
3:1-6 Adequacy from God
3:7-18 The Glory of Two Covenants
4:1-6 True Messengers of God’s Glory
4:7-15 Fading Flesh but Enduring Glory
4:16–5:10 The Present and Future Life
5:11-19 Paul’s Ministry of Reconciliation
5:20–6:10 A Plea from Christ’s Suffering Ambassadors
6:11–7:4 Receive Christ’s Ambassadors
7:5-16 Reconciliation Between Paul and the Corinthians
8:1-9 Models of Giving
8:10-15 Give According to What You Have
8:16-24 Envoys for the Collection
9:1-5 Boasting in Advance
9:6-15 Sowing and Reaping
10:1-18 Not Like Paul’s Opponents
11:1-15 Countering False Apostles’ Boasts
11:16-21 Paul’s Apology for Boasting
11:22-33 Boasting in Sufferings
12:1-10 Revelations and Weakness
12:11-18 Paul’s Closing Irony
12:19–13:4 Paul’s Coming to Discipline
13:5-10 True Power and Weakness
13:11-14 Closing Words
Galatians
1:1-5 Introduction
1:6-9 True and False Gospels
1:10-17 Not Revealed by People
1:18-24 Return to Judea
2:1-10 The Jerusalem Council
2:11-14 Confrontation in Antioch
2:15-21 Paul’s Case in Antioch
3:1-5 Consistency with Their Conversion
3:6-14 Abraham’s Blessing and the Law’s Curse
3:15-20 The Law Does Not Annul Abraham’s Covenant
3:21-29 Before Faith Came
4:1-11 Sons, Not Slaves
4:12-20 Paul’s Plea
4:21–5:1 The Hagar-Sarah Analogy
5:2-6 The Real Law
5:7-12 Paul Castigates His Opponents
5:13-18 Fulfilling the Law
5:19-26 Flesh Versus Spirit
6:1-5 Restoring Others Meekly
6:6-10 Providing for Others
6:11-18 Crucifixion, not Circumcision
Ephesians
1:1-2 Introduction
1:3-14 Praise for Salvation
1:15-23 Prayer for Revelation
2:1-10 Exalted with Christ Above Sin
2:11-22 United in the New Temple
3:1-13 The Mystery of a Unified People
3:14-21 Prayer for Empowerment
4:1-16 One Body, Many Members
4:17–5:2 Living the New Life
5:3-20 More Exhortations
5:21-33 Wives and Husbands
6:1-4 Children and Fathers
6:5-9 Slaves and Masters
6:10-20 Divine Armor
6:21-24 Closing Greetings
Philippians
1:1-2 Introduction
1:3-11 Thanks to God for the Philippians
1:12-26 The Profit in Hardship
1:27-30 Endure in Hope
2:1-11 Be Servants Like Christ
2:12-16 Live Right
2:17-24 The Examples of Paul and Timothy
2:25-30 Epaphroditus’s Sacrificial Service
3:1-16 Righteousness Not from Human Works
3:17–4:1 Judgment and Salvation
4:2-9 Work Together
4:10-20 Paul’s Thank-You Note
4:21-23 Conclusion
Colossians
1:1-2 Introduction
1:3-14 Thanksgiving and Prayer for the Fruit Bearers
1:15-23 The Supremacy of Christ
1:24–2:5 Paul’s Labor for Them
2:6-15 Complete in Christ
2:16-23 Avoid Human Religion
3:1-11 Living Out the Dead Life
3:12-17 Rules for the Christian Community
3:18–4:1 Rules for the Household
4:2-6 Rules Beyond the Community
4:7-18 Closing Greetings
1 Thessalonians
1:1-10 Introduction and Thanksgiving
2:1-12 The Nature of the Apostles’ Coming
2:13-16 Nature and Cost of the Thessalonians’ Reception
2:17–3:10 Longing for His Friends
3:11-13 Paul’s Prayer
4:1-8 Sexual Purity
4:9-12 Behavior Toward One Another and Outsiders
4:13-18 Comfort for the Grieving
5:1-11 Watchfulness
5:12-22 How to Behave Among God’s People
5:23-28 Concluding Words
2 Thessalonians
1:1-12 Introduction, Thanksgiving and Prayer
2:1-12 The Final Rebellion
2:13–3:5 Thanksgiving, Wish-Prayer and Prayer Request
3:6-15 Dealing with Idlers
3:16-18 Conclusion
1 Timothy
1:1-2 Introduction
1:3-11 Scripture Twisters
1:12-17 A Blasphemer’s Conversion
1:18-20 Removing a Blasphemer
2:1-7 Public Prayers for All
2:8-15 Proper Demeanor for Public Worship
3:1-7 Qualifications for Overseers
3:8-13 Qualifications for Deacons
3:14-16 Purpose of Church Administration
4:1-5 Errors of the False Teachers
4:6-16 The Importance of Sound Teaching
5:1-2 Honoring Elders
5:3-16 Honoring True Widows
5:17-25 Treating Church Elders Respectfully
6:1-2 Advice to Slaves
6:3-10 The Error of Materialism
6:11-16 Fleeing the Evil Lifestyle
6:17-19 Instructions for Those Who Are Rich
6:20-21 Final Exhortation
2 Timothy
1:1-7 Introduction and Thanksgiving
1:8-14 Carry on Paul’s Mission
1:15-18 Allies and Opponents in Asia
2:1-13 Persevere
2:14-26 Persevering Versus Deceived Vessels
3:1-13 The Wickedness of the Last Days
3:14-17 Equipped by the Scriptures
4:1-8 Preach the Word
4:9-18 Old Acquaintances
4:19-22 Conclusion
Titus
1:1-4 Introduction
1:5-9 Appointing Sound Elders
1:10-16 Evil Legalists
2:1-14 Sound Doctrine: Right Relationships
2:15–3:8 The Purpose of a Lifestyle Witness
3:9-11 Avoid Divisiveness and Divisive People
3:12-15 Concluding Business
Philemon
Hebrews
1:1-14 Christ Greater Than the Angels
2:1-4 Rejecting Christ’s Word
2:5-18 Christ Human, Not an Angel
3:1-6 Christ Greater Than Moses
3:7-19 Rejecting Christ Like Rejecting Moses
4:1-13 Only the Obedient Enter His Promise
4:14–5:10 Christ the High Priest
5:11–6:12 Press Deeper or Fall Away
6:13-20 The Unbreakable Oath to Jesus
7:1-10 The Nature of Melchizedek’s Priesthood
7:11-28 The New Priesthood Supersedes the Old
8:1-5 The Heavenly Tabernacle
8:6-13 The New Covenant
9:1-10 The Old Tabernacle
9:11-22 The Final Blood Offering
9:23-28 A Sacrifice Sufficient for the Heavenly Sanctuary
10:1-18 The True Sacrifice of the New Covenant
10:19-25 The New Worship
10:26-31 The Danger of Apostasy
10:32-39 Confidence in Their Perseverance
11:1-31 Heroes of the Faith
11:32-40 A Summary of Other Exploits of Faith
12:1-3 The Ultimate Hero of Faith
12:4-13 Accepting Suffering as God’s Instruction
12:14-29 Rejecting the Greatest Revelation
13:1-17 Closing Exhortations
13:18-25 Conclusion
James
1:1-11 How to Face Trials
1:12-18 The Source of Testings
1:19-27 True Religion
2:1-13 No Favoritism Toward the Wealthy
2:14-26 Faith Must Be Lived Out
3:1-12 The Violent Tongue
3:13-18 Peaceable Versus Demonic Wisdom
4:1-12 Choose Between God and the World’s Values
4:13-17 The Pride of the Rich
5:1-6 Judgment on Wealthy Oppressors
5:7-12 Endure Until God Vindicates
5:13-20 Depending on God
1 Peter
1:1-12 Present Testing, Future Hope
1:13–2:3 Live the New Life
2:4-12 Being Built Up as God’s People
2:13-17 Responsibilities Toward the State
2:18-25 Duties of Servants
3:1-7 Wives and Husbands
3:8-12 Be Kind to One Another
3:13-22 Be Prepared to Suffer for Doing Good
4:1-11 Persevere in the New Life
4:12-19 Christians Judged First
5:1-5 Faithful Caretakers of the Flock
5:6-11 Persevere by Grace
5:12-14 Conclusion
2 Peter
1:1-2 Introduction
1:3-11 How to Persevere to Salvation
1:12-21 Peter’s Eyewitness Traditions
2:1-22 Damnation of Immoral Teachers
3:1-7 The Certainty of Coming Judgment
3:8-13 The Timing of the Final Judgment
3:14-18 Preparing for the Final Judgment
1 John
1:1-4 The Basis for True Fellowship
1:5-10 The Reality of Sin
2:1-11 The Moral Test
2:12-14 Exhortations to Different Groups
2:15-17 Do Not Love the World
2:18-27 Discerning the Spirits: The Theological Test
2:28–3:3 Readiness for His Coming
3:4-24 Which Side Are You On?
4:1-6 Testing the Spirits
4:7-21 The Test of Love
5:1-13 Triumph and Life Through Faith in Jesus
5:14-21 Avoiding Sin
2 John
3 John
Jude
1-2 Introduction
3-6 Falling from Grace
7-16 Sin and Judgment
17-25 Call to Persevere
Revelation
1:1-3 Title and Apocalyptic Introduction
1:4-8 Epistolary Introduction
1:9-20 The Opening Revelation
2:1-7 Oracle to the Ephesian Church
2:8-11 Oracle to the Church at Smyrna
2:12-17 Oracle to the Church in Pergamum
2:18-29 Oracle to the Church in Thyatira
3:1-6 Oracle Against the Church of Sardis
3:7-13 Oracle to the Church in Philadelphia
3:14-22 Oracle to the Church in Laodicea
4:1-11 John’s Throne Vision
5:1-7 The Passover Lamb and the Scroll
5:8-14 Worshiping the Lamb
6:1-8 The Four Horsemen
6:9-11 The Fifth Seal
6:12-17 The Sixth Seal
7:1-8 The Sealing of 144,000 Servants
7:9-17 The Multitude of Overcomers Before the Throne
8:1-5 Preparing for the Trumpet Plagues
8:6-12 The First Four Trumpet Plagues
8:13–9:11 The Fifth Trumpet Plague
9:12-21 The Sixth Trumpet Plague
10:1-7 The Mysteries of the End
10:8-11 A Bitter Message for the Nations
11:1-13 The Two Witnesses
11:14-19 The Final Trumpet and the World’s End
12:1-6 The Dragon, the Woman and the Child
12:7-17 This Means War
13:1-10 The Worshiped Beast
13:11-18 Enforcing Imperial Worship
14:1-5 Followers of the Lamb
14:6-13 Vindication of the Righteous
14:14-20 Reaping the Earth
15:1-4 Response of the Saints to Their Vindication
15:5–16:1 Preparing the Final Plagues
16:2-11 The First Four Bowls of Wrath
16:12-21 The Final Bowls of Wrath
17:1-5 A Vision of the Prostitute
17:6-18 The Meaning of the Prostitute
18:1-24 A Dirge over Babylon
19:1-10 Praise over Babylon’s Fall
19:11-16 The Final Invasion
19:17-21 The Defeat of the Wicked
20:1-6 The Thousand-Year Kingdom
20:7-10 The Folly of Gog and Magog
20:11-15 The Final Judgment
21:1-8 Promise of the World to Come
21:9-27 The Glory of the New Jerusalem
22:1-5 The New Paradise
22:6-21 Final Announcements
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Tags: Craig Keener, Bible, Background, Commentary